ICT means in future professional activity. Glossary of concepts and terms Glossary of concepts and terms

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Discipline: Information technology in education

On the topic: "ICT tools in future professional activities"

Moscow 2016

Introduction

The processes of informatization of modern society and closely related processes of informatization of all forms of educational activity are characterized by the processes of improvement and mass dissemination of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Such technologies are actively used to transfer information and ensure interaction between a teacher and a student in modern systems of open and distance education. A modern teacher should not only have knowledge in the field of ICT, but also be a specialist in their application in their professional activities.

Word " technology"has Greek roots and in translation means science, a set of methods and techniques for processing or processing raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, products and converting them into consumer goods. The modern understanding of this word also includes the use of scientific and engineering knowledge to solve practical problems. information and telecommunication technologies can be considered such technologies that are aimed at processing and transforming information.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is a generalizing concept that describes various devices, mechanisms, methods, algorithms for information processing. The most important modern ICT devices are a computer equipped with appropriate software and telecommunication facilities, along with information posted on them.

As practice shows, it is already impossible to imagine a modern school without new information technologies. It is obvious that in the near future the introduction of personal computers will increase, and in accordance with this, the requirements for computer literacy of primary school students will increase. There are unlimited opportunities for individualization and differentiation of the educational process, its reorientation towards the development of thinking, imagination as the main processes necessary for successful learning. And finally, the effective organization of the cognitive activity of students is ensured.

1. ICT tools used in education

information communication technology educational

The main ICT tool for the information environment of any education system is a personal computer, the capabilities of which are determined by the software installed on it. The main categories of software are system programs, application programs, and software development tools. System programs, first of all, include operating systems that ensure the interaction of all other programs with equipment and the interaction of the user of a personal computer with programs. Utility or service programs are also included in this category. Application programs include software that is a toolkit of information technology - technologies for working with texts, graphics, tabular data, etc.

In modern education systems, universal office applications and ICT tools have become widespread: word processors, spreadsheets, presentation preparation programs, database management systems, organizers, graphic packages, etc.

With the advent of computer networks and other ICT tools similar to them, education has acquired a new quality associated primarily with the ability to quickly receive information from anywhere in the world. Through the global computer network Internet, instant access to world information resources (electronic libraries, databases, file storages, etc.) is possible. The most popular resource on the Internet - the World Wide Web, has published about two billion multimedia documents.

Other common ICT tools are available on the web, including e-mail, mailing lists, newsgroups, chat. Special programs have been developed for real-time communication, allowing, after establishing a connection, to transmit text entered from the keyboard, as well as sound, images and any files. These programs allow remote users to work together with a program running on a local computer.

With the advent of new data compression algorithms, the sound quality available for transmission over a computer network has significantly increased and began to approach the sound quality in conventional telephone networks. As a result, a relatively new ICT tool - Internet telephony - began to develop very actively. With the help of special equipment and software, audio and video conferencing can be carried out via the Internet.

To ensure an effective search for information in telecommunication networks, there are automated search tools, the purpose of which is to collect data on the information resources of the global computer network and provide users with a fast search service. With the help of search engines, you can search for documents of the World Wide Web, multimedia files and software, address information about organizations and people.

With the help of ICT network tools, it becomes possible to have wide access to educational, methodological and scientific information, to organize operational consulting assistance, to model research activities, to conduct virtual training sessions (seminars, lectures) in real time.

There are several main classes of information and telecommunication technologies that are significant from the point of view of open and distance education systems. Some of these technologies are video recording and television. Videotapes and related ICT tools enable a huge number of students to listen to the best lecturers. Videotapes with lectures can be used both in special video classes and at home. It is noteworthy that in American and European training courses, the main material is presented in printed publications and on videotapes.

Television, as one of the most widespread ICTs, plays a very important role in people's lives: almost every family has at least one television. Educational TV programs are widely used around the world and are a prime example of distance learning. Thanks to television, it becomes possible to broadcast lectures to a wide audience in order to increase the general development of this audience without the subsequent control of the assimilation of knowledge, as well as the ability to subsequently test knowledge using special tests and exams.

A powerful technology that allows storing and transferring the bulk of the studied material is educational electronic publications, both distributed on computer networks and recorded on CD-ROM. Individual work with them gives a deep assimilation and understanding of the material. These technologies allow, with appropriate refinement, to adapt existing courses for individual use, provide opportunities for self-study and self-examination of the acquired knowledge. Unlike a traditional book, educational electronic publishing allows for the presentation of material in a dynamic graphical form.

2. The functional purpose of information and communication technologies

Information technologies can be classified according to their functional purpose:

presentations

educational games and educational programs

didactic materials

programs - simulators

virtual experiment systems

electronic textbooks

electronic encyclopedias.

Presentations- This is the most common form of presentation of demo materials. Presentations are electronic filmstrips, but, unlike conventional filmstrips, they can include animation, audio and video fragments, elements of interactivity, that is, a response to user actions can be provided. Presentations are especially interesting because they can be created by any teacher who has access to a computer, with minimal investment of time. They are actively used to present student projects.

Educational games and educational programs targeted at preschoolers and younger students. This type includes interactive programs with a game scenario. By completing various tasks during the game, students develop fine motor skills, spatial imagination, logical thinking and, possibly, get additional skills when working on the keyboard.

Didactic materials- collections of problems, dictations, exercises, as well as examples of abstracts and essays presented in electronic form, in the form of a simple set of file texts.

Programs - simulators perform the function of didactic materials. Modern programs - simulators can track the progress of the solution and report errors.

Virtual Experiment Systems- software packages that allow the student to conduct such experiments that would be impossible for security reasons, financial reasons.

Electronic textbooks and training courses combine all or several of the above types of training programs into a single software package.

In electronic encyclopedias functions of demonstration and reference materials are combined. In accordance with their name, they are an electronic analogue of conventional reference and information publications. Unlike their paper counterparts, such encyclopedias have additional properties and capabilities: they support a convenient search system for keywords and concepts, a convenient navigation system based on a hyperlink, the ability to include audio and video fragments.

One of the important conditions for improving the quality of the auxiliary process in general, and the lesson in particular, for the successful assimilation of knowledge by children, the formation of their skills and abilities, is the use of information and communication teaching aids, which contribute, first of all, to a better implementation of the principle of visibility in teaching.

At the same time, information and communication teaching aids allow, in a complex, to influence the senses, develop thinking, activate creative abilities, foster interest in classes, and, in general, educate and shape a comprehensively developed personality.

The computer is a powerful means of influencing the human psyche. Thanks to modern technology, creating a variety of visual illustrations and soundtrack, fascinating children's encyclopedias appear on the computer today, allowing the child to "travel" around the world.

All types of teaching aids carry a different didactic load, contributing to the creation of a holistic picture of the historical past in schoolchildren, the deepening and systematization of knowledge, the formation of skills, and the optimization of the educational process. The use of a variety of teaching aids, both traditional and new technologies, can provide significant support to the teaching process in primary school, and will improve the quality of student learning.

Currently, the following areas of new information and technical teaching aids are being developed:

1) universal information technologies (text editors, graphics packages, database management systems, spreadsheet processors, modeling systems, expert systems, etc.);

2) computer facilities for telecommunications;

3) computer training and control programs, computer textbooks;

4) multimedia software products.

The use of new information technologies can transform the teaching of traditional academic subjects by rationalizing child labor, optimizing the processes of understanding and memorizing educational material, and most importantly, raising children to an immeasurably higher level of learning. The computer is able to quickly and effectively teach children to independently work with a voluminous text, which is required by secondary school from elementary school when issues of succession are discussed. The computer is also a powerful stimulus for the creativity of children.

With the help of information technology, it is possible not only to provide information, but also to receive it from the user. Information technology can provide learning anywhere, anytime, making it a powerful vehicle for learning learning materials in education. Information technology helps children become more active and independent students, allows them to learn from each other and have access to the widest range of information.

Information Technology:

provide conditions for an individual learning process for both students with learning difficulties and for successful students. For example, each topic offers tasks of different difficulty levels.

the level of clarity is significantly higher than in textbooks with a printed base. Moreover, the clarity is of a higher level, since it is realized with the help of animation, soundtrack, video fragments.

ensure that the teacher creates a favorable intellectual background for learning, especially necessary for well-performing students.

Using information technology, the teacher pursues the following goals:

providing substantive and technological support to the basic means of teaching, strengthening the visual basis for the formation of natural science and social science knowledge in primary schoolchildren;

the formation of a general culture, erudition of primary schoolchildren, ensuring the creation of a favorable intellectual background for education;

formation of information culture of students;

development of the cognitive interests of students;

3. The use of information and communication technologies in the learning process

The use of information and communication technologies in teaching allows:

develop students' skills in research activities, creativity;

increase the motivation for learning;

to form students' ability to work with information, develop communication skills;

actively involve students in the educational process;

qualitatively change the control over the activities of students;

familiarizing the student with the achievements of the information society.

The learning process will become most effective if, along with oral and written speech, the potential of the computer is used. Younger schoolchildren have the most developed visual - figurative and visual - effective thinking. Therefore, visual material, technical teaching aids, multimedia systems and projection equipment allow using all channels of perception of educational information (visual, kinetic, auditory), and this undoubtedly improves the quality of assimilation of educational material, because first of all, they affect the initial stage of the process of assimilating knowledge - the stage of sensation and perception. Knowledge obtained with the help of screen-sound images provides further transition to a higher level of cognition - concepts and theoretical conclusions.

Thus, information and communication technologies can significantly increase the efficiency of the educational process, solve the problems facing an educational institution of raising a comprehensively developed, creatively free personality.

ICT can be used at all stages of the lesson:

1) When explaining new material:

presentations

information Internet sites

information resources on disks

2) When practicing and consolidating skills:

computer training programs;

computer simulators;

computer games;

printed handouts (cards, tasks, diagrams, tables, crosswords without automatic processing of results) - (digital tables);

printed illustrative material.

3) At the stage of knowledge control:

computer tests (open, closed);

crosswords (with automatic processing of the result).

4) At the stage of independent work of students

digital encyclopedias;

reference books;

electronic textbooks;

integrated tasks.

5) For the research activities of students:

digital science laboratories;

Internet.

What do such lessons givelearners?

Enjoy visiting the subject.

Due to the increased interest, significantly improve the quality of knowledge.

With the help of bright visual material, it is easy to perceive even the most difficult material.

The desire to learn for the sake of knowledge, not for the sake of assessment.

Analyze, compare events, actions, build your personal assumptions and guesses based on the knowledge gained.

What are these lessons for the teacher?

Conduct each lesson more vividly and figuratively, expand on each, even the most complex topic.

Use a variety of visualizations (drawings, photographs, paintings, diagrams, tests, texts, music), which are laborious to use in the usual way.

Improve the quality of education due to the child's keen interest in the subject.

Prepare primary school students for the transition to high school by putting their knowledge and skills into practice.

So, I was convinced that with the use of ICT in the classroom, the educational process is aimed at developing logical and critical thinking, imagination, and independence. Children are interested, involved in creative search; mental activity of everyone is activated. The process becomes not boring, monotonous, but creative. And the emotional background of the lesson becomes more favorable, which is very important for the child's educational activity.

But do not be immensely carried away by computer resources. After all, ill-considered use of a computer affects the health of children. The continuous duration of lessons from a PC should not exceed for students: 1 grade - 10 minutes; 2 - 5 classes - 15 minutes.

It must always be remembered that ICT is not an end, but a means of learning. Computerization should concern only that part of the educational process where it is really needed.

4. The main directions of the introduction of information and communication technologies in the learning process

ICT implementation is carried out in the following areas:

Creation of presentations for lessons;

Working with Internet resources;

Use of ready-made training programs;

Creation of presentations for lessons.

One of the most successful forms of preparation and presentation of educational material for lessons in primary school is the creation of multimedia presentations.

“Presentation” is translated from English as “presentation”. Multimedia presentations are a convenient and effective way to present information using computer programs. It combines dynamics, sound and image, i.e. those factors that hold the child's attention for the longest time.

Scientists have proven that a person remembers 20% of what he hears and 30% of what he sees, and more than 50% of what he sees and hears at the same time. Thus, facilitating the process of perception and memorization of information with the help of vivid images - this is the basis of any modern presentation.

Moreover, the presentation allows the teacher to independently compose the educational material based on the characteristics of a particular class, topic, subject, which allows you to build a lesson in such a way as to achieve the maximum educational effect.

Conclusion

The use of modern means of information and communication technologies in education significantly facilitates the work of a teacher in the process of teaching schoolchildren at all its stages. ICT tools help to improve the organization of teaching, increase the individualization of learning, and also increase the productivity of self-study of students. thanks to ICT tools, motivation for learning increases, the ability to attract students to creative, search and research activities is activated.

Analysis of the current state of preparation and improvement of teacher training in the field of using ICT tools in professional activity made it possible to identify the features of the stages of preparation: at the university stage, the readiness of students of pedagogical universities of all specialties to work at school in the conditions of informatization of education is being formed; at the postgraduate stage, professional development and additional training of a subject teacher in the field of informatization of education is carried out, taking into account the existing pedagogical work experience and the needs of the educational institution in improving the qualifications of pedagogical personnel. The analysis showed that at the present time the existing potentialities of information and communication technologies in the educational process of schools and pedagogical universities have not been sufficiently realized; the continuity of university and postgraduate education is not fully realized; insufficiently taken into account interdisciplinary connections between disciplines in the field of informatization of education, computer science and ICT, pedagogy, methodology, profile disciplines, psychology, as well as profile disciplines. Unified approaches to the implementation of the training of subject teachers at various stages have not been developed, taking into account the influence of the process of informatization of education on pedagogical activity, ensuring systematic training adequately to the continuous technical and technological development of information technologies and means of communication on the basis of local and global computer networks and the development of a theoretical basis for informatization of education ...

ICT in professional activities; identifying the didactic capabilities of ICT; motivation of the teacher to use ICT tools in their pedagogical activity) prerequisites for the continuous training of a subject teacher in the field of informatization of education.

The concepts of continuous training and the system of continuous training of teachers in the field of using ICT tools in professional activities have been defined.

The principles of continuous training of subject teachers in the field of using ICT tools in professional activity are theoretically substantiated and formulated: the continuity of training (the relationship of the content of training at the postgraduate stage with university programs in the field of using ICT tools in professional activity); predictiveness of training (reflection in training programs of modern achievements of scientific and technological progress, pedagogy, psychology, informatization of education and other sciences in the aspect of the prospective use of ICT tools in education); commonality of approaches to information activity and information interaction in pedagogical activity (study of general patterns and trends in the use of ICT tools in pedagogical activity, mastering general methods of information activity and information interaction in the context of informatization of society and education); fundamental and practical orientation of training (inclusion in the training program of both theoretical issues related to the methodology for selecting the content, methods and organizational forms of training and education in modern conditions of the information society, and issues aimed at solving practical pedagogical problems in the use of ICT tools in professional activity); invariance and variability of training (identification of a uniform for all teachers (regardless of profile) content of training in the field of general issues of informatization of education, on the one hand, and on the other, the need for training that reflects the features and implementation of ICT capabilities in a specific subject area); the complexity of training in the aspect of the implementation of the main directions of informatization of education (inclusion in the content of training in the field of using ICT tools in the teacher's professional activity issues reflecting the main directions of informatization of education).

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The use of ICT in professional activities

The use of ICT in professional activities

Modern society lives in a world of constant multiplication of the flow of information, which practically doubles every few years. Not to drown in this sea of information, but precisely orienting itself to solving practical problems, a computer helps a person. "Tomorrow" our children are an information society. Every year, modern information technologies are increasingly entering our lives. Therefore, a preschool educational institution, as a bearer of culture and knowledge, also cannot stand aside. Therefore, information and communication technologies (ICT) are used me to improve the efficiency of the educational process.

Throughout the pedagogical activities in my work regularly use information and communication technologies. Information and communication technologies contribute to a better assimilation of the material, help to study the necessary material in a playful, fabulous way. In addition, information and communication technologies help to increase cognitive interest, activate mental activities of children.

In preparation for classes, when searching for material regularly I use the resources of the boarding school, which presents a variety of pedagogical technologies, experiences of educators, a variety of visual, musical and video materials.

ICT use, in the process occupations: --- "I will collect a bouquet for a sweet mother for a holiday", allow pupils to consider concepts and definitions in a vivid, interesting form, see objects of study in videos and photographs, consolidate the material in an interesting form, which contributes to a clear perception of the material on a particular topic.

I conducted open views for teachers of MBDOU # 1 with use of ICT: "Balloons for the clown"; "Moms and Their Babies", "Vegetables", "Wonderful Sack of Fun Granny" in which modern information and communication technologies fully utilized... At the round table I presented a presentation in which I showed my professional activities on the topic"Adaptation of a child to kindergarten".

She created her own page on the website of educators http://nsportal.ru/lmariam-oganesovna/, where she exhibited materials and photographs of her professional activity... Here I found many colleagues with whom I communicate. A lot of material presented on the website of educators helps me in my work, my horizons are broadening.

I periodically participate in the network professional communities: the site where I post the notes of the lessons.

Information and communication technologies use and in working with parents. In everyday activities I regularly make videos, from which I edit thematic videos presented at parent meetings on the topic ---, This allows parents to look into the world of their child, not to miss important moments of his development due to being busy at work.

Usage modern information and communication technologies in teaching preschoolers is advisable. This allows for a short time allotted for directly educational activities, to cover the material more broadly, to present it more interesting and relevant. In addition, cartoon and video materials are perceived by children with pleasure, the assimilation of knowledge takes place in a relaxed manner.

In my work, I use information and communication technologies:

In the selection of illustrative material for classes (scan, internet, printer, presentations);

In the selection of additional material from various sources for educational activities, acquaintance with scenarios of holidays and other events;

In exchange of experience, acquaintance with periodicals, developments of other teachers;

In creating Power Point presentations to improve the effectiveness of educational activities with children;

V using digital photographic equipment and photo-editing programs that allow you to manage, edit, and display pictures;

V using Internet in pedagogical activities, for the purpose of information and scientific-methodological support of the educational process in a preschool institution, as a search for additional information for classes, expanding the horizons of children.

In the design of booklets.

Creation of e-mail, maintaining your page on the website of educators.

Usage ICT contributes to the enhancement of cognitive pupils' activities, stimulates and develops mental processes, the development of thinking, perception, memory. The use of information computer technologies in game lessons not only facilitates the assimilation of educational material, but also provides new opportunities for the development of creative abilities children:

Increases the motivation of pupils to learn new material;

Activates cognitive activity;

Develops the thinking and creativity of the child;

Forms an active life position in modern society.

Kornoukhova Antonina Viktorovna

Mathematics teacher of the highest category

Moscow City Department of Education

"Technical School of Service and Tourism No. 29"

FEATURES OF THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL

ACTIVITIES OF THE TEACHER

Target : to analyze the possibilities of using ICT in the work of a mathematics teacher.

Tasks

1) Give a definition of the concept of ICT in education.

2) List the types of ICT that can be used in a technical school.

3) Give examples of the use of ICT in the classroom.

Information Technology

ICT in education - these are information processes and methods of working with information, presenting it using ICT tools for the purpose of training.

The amount of information with which the teacher has to work is growing every year. All this information is aimed at solving the whole variety of professional tasks, among which a special place is occupied by the student's motivation for learning activities, the development of his educational independence, creative, search activity. And in this, teachers are effectively helped by the whole variety of information and communication technologies. In the modern world, the need to use information and communication technologies in teaching is extremely relevant and undeniable. The ability to use ICT is one of the criteria for assessing the experience and professional skills of a teacher.

The obvious advantages of using ICT in the educational process:

Visibility, entertainment, expressiveness - a feature of the structural design of programs, which makes it possible to expand and deepen the understanding of the material under consideration, of the relationships;

Compactness - the ability to accumulate information on electronic media without accumulating significant volumes of folders with information material on paper;

Profitability (reduction of material and time resources);

The possibility of creative development of students and teachers through participation in online Olympiads, competitions, publication of their works and projects on the Internet;

Organization of constant monitoring of the independent work of students, their current progress.

Thus, information and communication technologies in the professional activity of a teacher is, on the one hand, a teaching tool and a means of providing knowledge, and on the other hand, the use of various information tools, automation of the processing of educational materials.

The use of information and communication technologies allows full use of color and multimedia design.

At the same time, information communication technologies are available to every teacher.

One of these technologies, which has found wide application in the educational process, is work in distance learning systems.

Among the main advantages of distance education are:

Manufacturability- training using modern software and hardware makes e-education more effective. New technologies make it possible to make visual information vivid and dynamic, to build the educational process itself, taking into account the active interaction of the student with the training system.
Freedom and flexibility, access to quality education.The development of Internet networks, the use of multimedia technologies makes distance learning courses full and interesting.
Availability and openness of training- the opportunity to study remotely from the place of study, without leaving your home, which is especially important for people with disabilities. Learning at any time, in any place allows students not only to remain in their familiar environment and maintain their usual rhythm of life, but also to develop an individual training schedule. Distance learning technologies make it possible to study in selected specialties, choosing an educational institution, highly professional teachers, despite the geographical remoteness of the student's place of residence;
Individuality of distance learning systems... Experience shows that a distance learner becomes more independent, mobile and responsible; is creative about learning.

Despite its many advantages, this method has its drawbacks:

Lack (and sometimes lack) of direct face-to-face communication between the student and the teacher. As a rule, learners feel a lack of practical training. There is no constant control over students, which is a powerful incentive for the student.
High labor intensity of the development of electronic educational and methodological content.
High requirements for setting the task for training, administering the process, the complexity of motivating students. A number of individual psychological conditions are required. Distance learning requires strict self-discipline, and its result directly depends on the independence and consciousness of the student.
The need for high-quality technical equipment (modern personal computer and high-speed Internet access).

A distance learning portal using the virtual learning environment Moodle has been created at the Moscow City Higher Education Institution "Technical School of Service and Tourism No. 29", which provides teachers with ample opportunities to use the electronic teaching materials developed by them in the educational process.

The distance learning portal is a whole range of opportunities for all participants in the educational process:

for teachers:

educational and methodological support of the discipline in a structured form;
a convenient tool for recording and monitoring the work of students;
setting deadlines for completing tasks;
use of audio and video materials: demonstration of educational video films can significantly increase the interest of students in the material being studied, visually and versatile to give an idea of the subject of study, etc.;
ease of adjusting the teaching materials of the discipline;
a rich toolkit for creating funds of assessment tools - test materials for monitoring students' knowledge using various types of questions.
an automated system for assessing the work of students: the possibility of objective, independent and, importantly, automatic assessment significantly saves the teacher's time to control knowledge.

for students:

logically structured teaching material;
self-control means;
objective assessment of knowledge;
remote mastery of educational material;

for a technical school:

modern, complete educational and methodological support of disciplines;
a unified information educational environment;
the possibility of operational control of the educational process.

Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program from the Microsoft family is known to be a powerful tool for creating charts, graphs, simple and complex calculations. Today, representatives of almost all professions must be proficient in interactive technologies and know office programs, including the ability to work with tables and presentations.

Another ICT tool is Microsoft Power Point, a program for creating presentations. With the help of this program, you can prepare high-quality educational material. This program provides the teacher with ample opportunities for organizing all types of educational work of students: creating diagrams, animations, hyperlinks, adding triggers, videos, soundtracks, including your own comments, various design, your own drawing tools, recording work.

EXAMPLES OF USING MATERIALS FROM INTERNET RESOURCES TO STUDY NEW MATERIAL AND CONTROL

KNOWLEDGE:

Cylinder is obtained by rotating a rectangle around one of its sides (Fig. 4).

Cone is obtained by rotating a right-angled triangle around one of its legs (Fig. 5, a).

Frustum is obtained by rotating a trapezoid, one of the corners of which is right, around the lateral side adjacent to this corner (Fig. 5, b).

ICT (information and communication technologies) are processes and methods of interacting with information that are carried out using computer devices, as well as telecommunications.

The role of ICT in modern society

Currently, one can observe a constant growth in the influence of media technologies on a person. They have a particularly strong effect on children: even twenty years ago, a child would rather watch a movie than read a book. However, today, under the powerful pressure of information, advertising, computer technology, electronic toys, game consoles, etc., it is increasingly detached from reality. Now, if a student cannot avoid reading a book, he no longer goes to the library, but downloads it to his tablet. Very often you can observe the following picture: a group of young people is sitting in a park, square or shopping and entertainment complex, they do not communicate with each other, all their attention is riveted on smartphones, tablets, laptops. If this phenomenon continues to be observed, then soon the children will completely forget how to communicate. And so the ministries of education of many countries on our planet, instead of developing students' interest in live communication and learning in general, decided to follow the path of least resistance and give children what they want. According to some experts, the child's brain perceives new information better if it is presented in an entertaining form, which is why they easily perceive the data offered in the lesson using media tools (in this regard, the use of information and communication technologies in education is constantly growing today). It is difficult to argue with this, but after all, the reverse side of the medal of such an educational process is that children stop communicating with the teacher, which means that the ability to think decreases. It is much better to restructure the educational process so that it is not boring and always supports the child's thirst for new knowledge. But this issue will have to be left on the conscience of officials.

Communication and information technology concept

The processes of informatization in modern society, as well as the reform of educational activities closely related to them, are characterized by the improvement and massive dissemination of modern ICT. They are actively used to transfer data and ensure interaction between teacher and student in the modern system of distance and open education. Today, the teacher is obliged to possess skills not only in the field of ICT, but also to be responsible for the professional application of information and communication technologies in their direct activities.

The term "technology" came to us from the Greek language, and in translation it means "science". The modern understanding of this word includes the application of engineering and scientific knowledge to solve specific practical problems. Then information and communication technology is a technology that is aimed at transforming and processing information. But that's not all. In fact, information and communication technology is a generalized concept that describes various mechanisms, devices, algorithms, data processing methods. The most important modern ICT device is a computer equipped with the necessary software. The second in a row, but no less important equipment, are the means of communication with information placed on them.

ICT tools used in the modern education system

The main means of ICT technology for the information environment of the education system is a personal computer equipped with the necessary software (of a systemic and applied nature, as well as tools). The system software primarily includes operating software. It provides interaction of all PC programs with the equipment and the PC user. This category also includes service and utility software. Application programs include software, which is an information technology toolkit - work with texts, graphics, tables, etc. The modern education system makes extensive use of universal applied office software and ICT tools, such as word processors, preparation of presentations, spreadsheets, graphic packages, organizers, databases, etc.

Development of information and communication technologies

With the organization of computer networks and similar means, the process of education has passed into a new quality. This is primarily due to the ability to quickly receive information from anywhere in the world. Thanks to the global computer network Internet, instant access to the planet is now possible (electronic libraries, file storages, databases, etc.). This popular resource has published over two billion different multimedia documents. The network opens access and allows the use of other widespread ICT technologies, including e-mail, chat, lists, mailings. In addition, special software has been developed for online communication (in real time), which allows, after establishing a session, to transmit text (entered from the keyboard), as well as sound, images and various files. Such software makes it possible to organize joint communication of remote users with the software running on the local personal computer.

7. Providing flexibility in training.

The negative impact of ICT tools on the student

Information and communication technology, implemented in everything, leads to a number of negative consequences, among which a number of negative psychological and pedagogical factors of influence on the health and physiological state of the student should be noted. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, ITC leads to the individualization of the educational process. However, this is a serious drawback associated with total individualization. Such a program entails the coagulation of the already scarce in the educational process of live dialogical communication of participants: students and teachers, students among themselves. She offers them, in fact, a surrogate for communication - a dialogue with a computer. Indeed, even a speech-active student falls silent for a long time when working with ICT tools. This is especially true for students of distance and open forms of education.

Why is it so dangerous?

As a result of this form of teaching, throughout the entire lesson, the student is busy with the fact that he silently consumes the material. This leads to the fact that the part of the brain responsible for objectifying human thinking turns out to be turned off, in fact, immobilized during many years of study. It is necessary to understand that the student does not already have the necessary practice of forming, formulating thoughts, as well as dialogical communication in a professional language. As psychological studies have shown, without developed communication, the student's monologic communication with himself will not be formed at the proper level, exactly what is usually called independent thinking. Agree that asking yourself a question is the most accurate indicator of the presence of independent thinking. As a result, if you go along the path of individualization of teaching, then you can miss the very possibility of forming a creative process in a person, the origin of which is based on dialogue.

Finally

Summing up, we can note another significant drawback of information and communication technologies, which follows from the main advantage - the general availability of information resources published on the network. Often this leads to the fact that the student follows the path of least resistance and borrows from the Internet ready-made abstracts, problem solutions, projects, reports, etc. Today, this already familiar fact confirms the low efficiency of this form of education. Of course, the prospects for the development of information and communication technologies are high, but they need to be introduced deliberately, without manic totalization.

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