Checked by Parvan V.N.
CHISINAU 2011
Text editor
A text editor is a computer program designed to process text files, such as creating and making changes.
Conventionally, there are two types of editors: streaming text editors and interactive ones.
Streaming text editors
Stream text editors are computer programs that are designed to automatically process input text data received from a text file in accordance with rules predefined by users. Most often, the rules are regular expressions, in a dialect specific to a given text editor.
Interactive text editors
Interactive text editors are a family of computer programs designed to make changes to a text file interactively. Such programs allow you to display the current state of text data in a file and perform various actions on it.
Often interactive text editors contain significant additional functionality designed to automate part of the editing actions, or make changes to the display of text data, depending on their semantics. An example of the latter type of functionality is syntax highlighting.
A fast, free text editor with rich functionality and a clear interface. It can be used as an alternative to Microsoft Office for creating, editing and printing simple text and “mixed” (with tables and pictures) documents, and saving them in most popular formats.
The core of the AbiWord program is quite compact and uses little system resources, so it can be used on almost all computers, regardless of their configuration.
Main characteristics of AbiWord:
Full integration into the Windows operating system.
- AbiWord supports all standard format types: OpenOffice.org, Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, Rich Text Format, HTML and many others...
- Wide functionality of the program: text formatting, working with pictures, tables and styles, spell checking...
- Multilingual interface. Ukrainian and Russian languages are also supported.
- Using the spell checking function for Ukrainian and Russian is possible after downloading the corresponding dictionary(s).
- Command line support. AbiWord can be easily integrated with other programs, which can be useful, for example, when creating a large number of documents of the same type.
- To expand the capabilities of the text editor, add-ons (plugins) have been created, with the help of which AbiWord can be “taught” to perform one or another function you need.
OpenOffice.org is an international open source project created to develop a universal office suite that runs on multiple operating platforms, has an open API and an XML-based file format.
OpenOffice.org is an office suite developed as part of this project, compatible with Microsoft Office, which allows you to work with text documents, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, etc.
OpenOffice.org is a full-featured office suite with multilingual support that runs on all major operating systems. OpenOffice.org allows you to store all your data in the OpenDocument Format (ODF), approved by the international organization for standardization (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), includes built-in one-click PDF export and Flash support. The familiar interface is easy to learn and use, especially for Microsoft Office users. OpenOffice.org allows you to read, edit and save files in Microsoft Office formats.
There are no license fees associated with using OpenOffice.org. You can download and install it on your computer right now.
OpenOffice.org is a free suite of office programs available to everyone.
It consists of the following components:
Writer (word processor and HTML editor).
Calc (spreadsheets).
Draw (graphics editor).
Impress (presentation system).
Base (database)
Formula editor.
In terms of its capabilities, OpenOffice.org is quite comparable to the famous MS Office.
You can easily download MS-Office documents (Word, Excel, Powerpoint), edit them and save them both in the original format and in the OpenOffice.org format. The main limitation is that OpenOffice.org does not execute macros in these documents. But they are saved and you can use them when working with MS-Office. In our opinion, such an opportunity is a great achievement, since MS Office file formats are closed (Microsoft does not publish them). If you encounter an MS-Office document that does not open correctly on OpenOffice.org, please report the issue to improve this experience.
OpenOffice.org is under constant development and many of its features are constantly being improved.
MICROSOFT WORD TEXT EDITOR.
Articles to read:
Text editor Microsoft Word
and placing a banner is MANDATORY!!!
Lesson plan No. 7
In the discipline COMPUTER SCIENCE
Topic 2. Information technologies. Text editor: purpose, main functions. Various text file (document) formats. Various Cyrillic encodings.
Goals:
didactic: Tell students about various programs for processing text information. Give basic concepts: text editor, word processor, editing, formatting, paragraph, font and its parameters, etc. Tell students about the MS Word word processor and the basic methods of working with it. Give basic concepts.
developing: To develop students' knowledge in the field of information technology.
educational: Show the importance of knowledge and skills in the field of information computer technologies, namely text information processing technologies.
Type of classes (lesson type): Lecture
Organizational forms of training: Learning new material
Teaching methods: Lecture-conversation
Means of education
Type and forms of knowledge control: Conversation
Controls
Intrasubject connections
Interdisciplinary connections
Types of independent work of students
Homework: lecture notes.
Progress of the lesson
1. Organizational moment.
2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
3. Learning new material
4. Summing up.
5. Homework.
Basic concepts of text information processing technology
Text editors- These are programs for creating, editing, formatting, saving and printing documents. A modern document may contain, in addition to text, other objects (tables, diagrams, pictures, etc.).
More advanced text editors, which have a whole range of capabilities for creating documents (for example, search and symbols, spell checkers, inserting tables, etc.), are sometimes called word processors. An example of such a program is Word from the Microsoft Office suite.
Powerful word processing programs - desktop publishing systems - are designed to prepare documents for publication. An example of such a system is Adobe PageMaker.
Editing– a transformation that adds, deletes, moves or corrects the content of a document. Editing a document is usually done by adding, deleting, or moving characters or pieces of text.
The object-oriented approach makes it possible to implement the mechanism for embedding and embedding objects (OLE - Object Linking Embedding). This mechanism allows you to copy and paste objects from one application to another. For example, when working with a document in the Word text editor, you can embed images, animation, sound and even video clips into it and thus get a multimedia document from a regular text document.
Formatting- a transformation that changes the form of presentation of a document. At the beginning of working on a document, it is advisable to set page parameters: its format (size), orientation, margin size, etc.
Paragraph formatting. A paragraph is one of the main objects of a text document. In computer documents, a paragraph is any text that ends with a control character (marker) for the end of the paragraph. Entering the end of a paragraph is achieved by pressing the Enter key and is indicated by the ¶ symbol.
In the process of formatting a paragraph, parameters are set for its alignment (alignment reflects the position of the text relative to the boundaries of the page margins), indents (the entire paragraph can have indents on the left and right) and spacing (the distance between the lines of the paragraph), indentation of the red line, etc.
Formatting characters. Characters are letters, numbers, spaces, punctuation, special characters such as @, *, & . Symbols can be formatted (change their appearance) by setting the font, size and style.
Font- a complete set of characters of a certain style, including upper and lowercase letters, punctuation marks, special characters, numbers and arithmetic symbols. Each historical period and different countries are characterized by a font of a certain design. Each font has its own name, for example Times New Roman, Arial, Courier, etc.
Fonts differ in the way they are presented on a computer. raster And vector. Raster graphics methods are used to represent raster fonts; font characters are groups of pixels. Bitmap fonts can only be scaled by certain factors.
In vector fonts, characters are described by mathematical formulas and can be scaled arbitrarily. Among vector fonts, the most widespread are fonts like True Type.
Font size. The unit of font size is the point (1 pt = 0.376 mm). The default font in Word is Times New Roman, 12 pt. Below are examples of how text can be represented using different font sizes:
Font size 14 pt.
Font size 10 pt.
Font size 6 pt.
Typeface. In addition to the normal (usual) style of characters, they usually use bold, italic And bold italic .
The file format determines how text is stored in the file. The simplest text file format (TXT) contains only characters (numeric character codes), while other formats (DOC, RTF) contain additional control codes that provide text formatting.
Various Cyrillic encodings
Since the late 60s, computers have increasingly been used to process text information, and currently the share of personal computers in the world (and most of the time) is occupied with processing text information.
Traditionally, to encode one character, an amount of information equal to 1 byte is used, i.e. I = 1 byte = 8 bits.
If we consider symbols as possible events, we can calculate how many different symbols can be encoded:
N=2I =28= 256.
This number of characters is quite sufficient to represent text information, including uppercase and uppercase letters of the Russian and Latin alphabet, numbers, signs, graphic symbols, etc.
Coding consists of assigning each character a unique decimal code from 0 to 255 or a corresponding binary code from 00000000 to 11111111. Thus, a person distinguishes characters by their outline, and a computer by their code.
When text information is entered into a computer, it is binary encoded; the image of the symbol is converted into its binary code. The user presses a key with a symbol on the keyboard - and a certain sequence of eight electrical pulses (binary code of the symbol) is sent to the computer. The symbol code is stored in the computer's RAM, where it occupies one cell.
In the process of displaying a symbol on the computer screen, the reverse process occurs - decoding, i.e. converting the character code into its image.
It is important that assigning a specific code to a symbol is a matter of agreement, which is recorded in the code table. The first 33 codes (from 0 to 32) do not indicate characters, but operations (line feed, space input, etc.).
Codes from 33 to 127 are international and correspond to characters of the Latin alphabet, numbers, arithmetic symbols and punctuation marks.
Codes from 128 to 255 are national, that is, in national encodings, different characters correspond to the same code. Unfortunately, there are currently five different encoding tables for Russian letters (KOI-8, SR1251, SR866, Mac, ISO), so texts created in one encoding will not display correctly in another.
Each encoding is specified by its own code table. The same binary code in different encodings is assigned different characters.
Recently, a new international standard, Unicode, has appeared, which allocates not one byte for each character, but two, and therefore with its help you can encode not 256 characters, but N = 2 = 65,536 different characters.
Creating a new document
1 In the menu File select team Create.
2 To create a new document, select the Are common and double click the icon new document».
To create a document using a template or wizard, select the tab that corresponds to the type of document you want to create and double-click the icon for the template or wizard you want to use.
Saving a new document
3 Enter a document name in the File name.
If necessary, the file name can be quite long, consisting of several words and serving as a brief description of the document.
Saving an existing document
Closing a document
Select a team Close on the menu File.
Changing the font
2 On the toolbar Formatting select the font name in the field Font .
Changing the size of characters
Demonstration
1 Select the text you want to change.
2 On the toolbar Formatting select the required font size in the field Font size.
Applying a style
1 Select the text to which you want to apply a style.
2 Press the button Bold or Italics or Underline .
Text alignment
Text with first line indented.
Reverse indented text.
It is possible to reduce the indentation or enter a negative indentation value in the group Indentation in the dialog box Paragraph(menu Format).
Tab text. Tabs are often used for bibliographic references, vocabulary terms, inferences, and bulleted and numbered lists.
Procedure:
1 Select the text you want to align.
2 Press the button
On the left edge,
In the center
On the right edge,
By width.
Line spacing
Line spacing determines the amount of vertical space between lines of text. The default is single line spacing. The line spacing you select appears between all lines of text in the selected paragraph or in the paragraph containing the insertion point.
Single
Line spacing equal to the largest font size used on a line, plus some additional space, the amount of which also depends on the font used.
One and a half
Line spacing that is one and a half times greater than single line spacing.
For example, for a 10 point font, one and a half spacing is approximately 15 points.
Double
Line spacing twice as large as single line spacing.
For example, for a 10 point font, double spacing is approximately 20 points.
Adding markers or numbers
1 Select the items to which you want to add bullets or numbers.
2 To add markers, click the button Bulleted list .
To add numbers, click the button Numbered list .
Changing Page Margins
1 Go to Markup or Preview mode.
2 To change the left and right margins of the page, point to the margin border on the horizontal ruler. When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the border of the field.
To change the top and bottom margins of a page, point to the margin border on the vertical ruler. When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the border of the field.
Preview a document before printing
To see what the printed document will look like, click the button Preview .
Printing a document
To print the current document, click the Print button.
Print a range of pages
2 Specify the part of the document you want to print in the Pages field.
If you select Numbers, you must also specify the page numbers or ranges that you want to print.
Printing multiple copies
1 Select Print from the File menu.
2 In the Number of Copies field, enter the number of copies you want.
Lesson plan No. 7
Text editor: purpose, main functions. Various text file (document) formats. Various Cyrillic encodings.
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1.Introducing the concept of a text editor
2.Classification of text editors
3.The principle of operation of a text editor
4.Typical interface structure
Text editors
A text editor is an independent computer program or component of a software package (for example, a source code editor for an integrated development environment or an input window in a browser) designed to create and modify text data in general and text files in particular.
Text editors can perform different functions: create text files, edit texts, change the format, view on the screen, and, finally, print texts on a printer.
The text typed on the computer keyboard is reproduced on the display screen in the editor's working area. A special icon - the cursor indicates the place on the screen that the user can currently influence (create, change symbols, etc.) using the editor. When working with a text editor, you can get information on the screen about the current state of the cursor, i.e. its coordinates on the screen (line number and position in the line), as well as the page number of the text, its format, the font used, etc. The interface of almost every text document has a menu for text processing. Formatting, printing. The menu can have not only text form, but also icon form
2. Classification of text editors.
I. According to possibilities
1) The quality of the typewriter, a small range of capabilities for working with text.
Norton Editor
· Lexicon
The list is compiled in ascending order of possibilities. Editors are implemented on computers such as IBM PC, XT, AT.
2) Publishing quality. Implementation of the WYSIWYG principle - What You See Is What You Get.
Microsoft Word
Ventura Publishers
Aldus Page Maker
To work with such editors, a PC of at least AT 486 DX with 8 MB of RAM is required.
3) Technical editors -Tex, Latex, etc.
II. By type of files that text reactors work with
· text files
· graphic set
There are other options for classifying text editors, for example, printed text editors and electronic document editors, etc.
In most cases, the quality of a typewriter is sufficient to create business documents. Therefore, the text editor Lexicon for MS DOS has become widespread.
Here are the characteristics of some of these text editors:
Lexicon was one of the most popular word processors before the Windows era, during the heyday of MS-DOS. This processor allowed data to be stored in a text file with OEM 866 encoding, but it also had capabilities such as
print text on a dot matrix printer;
use bold, italic and bold italic text highlighting;
allowed for simple formatting when entering text (text alignment, justification, word wrapping, dividing into pages and their automatic numbering)
Microsoft Word is the most common and one of the most powerful text editors.
Basic operations of the MS Word editor for working with documents:
Entering text;
Editing the contents of a document (making any changes to the text of the document: changing the relative position of individual parts of the document, searching and replacing characters, words and sections of text);
Formatting the contents of the document (setting line spacing, left and right indents, text alignment, etc.).
MS Word Features:
Simultaneous work with several documents;
Spelling and grammar checking;
Automatic document formatting;
Inclusion of tables, figures and mathematical formulas in documents;
Collaborative work on large documents, etc.
WordPad is included with Windows 2000. It can hardly be considered a full-fledged word processor that satisfies all user needs when creating documents. But it prepares you to work with complex Windows text editors. The WordPad editor allows you to format entire text and individual paragraphs of documents: change fonts, indents, borders, etc. WordPad works with OLE objects, so documents created in it have access to graphics and even sound and video clips.
The WordPad editor opens files created in the Write program (with the .WRI extension). Write is a simple word processor designed for Windows 3.x versions. In the past, many software applications used the Write format to maintain documentation, licensing information, and the latest versions of readme files. Although the latest version of the Write program system is no longer available, its files remain available in Windows 2000. Documents created in the Write editor can be read in WordPad. In addition, WordPad works with documents and saves them in five other formats: Word 6.0, Rich Text Format (RTF), text, MS-DOS text and Unicod text. The Word 6.0 format, which all recent versions of the Microsoft Word word processor can work with, as well as many other widely used editors, is the default format of the WordPad program.
b) Notepad
Windows 2000 also ships with a simple editor from earlier versions of the system, NotePad. The Notepad program, unlike WordPad, practically does not allow you to format documents; for example, you can select a font for work, but you cannot
TeX is a typographic-quality document preparation system that is particularly strong in its set of mathematical formulas. It is convenient to think of TeX as a special programming language in PDF, or PostScript3, format.
How a text editor works.
The operating principle of middle-class and powerful editors is similar to the operating principle of programming systems.
A text editor provides the user with a text window for entering text and a set of commands for formatting it.
The first step in creating a text document is typing the text. After the text has been entered, you can begin formatting it. When formatting a document, the user applies formatting commands to individual parts of the text. By processing these commands, the text editor changes the external presentation of the formatted text and inserts formatting elements into the text of the document, which, when re-reading the document, will give it the opportunity to unambiguously interpret them.
Once the text is formatted, the necessary external objects are inserted and formatted into the document.
It's important to note here that there are two different methods for inserting external objects.
In the first case, the text editor inserts a link to an external object and its formatting elements. Accordingly, this requires the permanent presence of an object at the specified address. For example, we insert into a document a picture located in the image.gif file. If you move, delete or rename this file, instead of the required image, the text editor will display an error diagnosis or a low-quality image (preview). Therefore, such actions are unacceptable with this approach. However, the convenience of this approach lies in the independence of the external object from the text editor. We can process an external object without launching a text editor, and all changes made to the object will be reflected in the text document. In addition, the volume of a text document becomes smaller, which is important for computers with a small amount of RAM.
In the second case, the external object is completely placed in the document, which increases its volume, but makes it independent of the file from which this object is taken. With this approach, it is not a link to a file that is written into a text document, but the command to insert an external object and the codes of this object.
Thus, a text document contains the text itself, elements of its formatting; links to external objects or commands for inserting objects and codes for these objects; formatting elements for inserted objects.
When reading a file containing a text document, the text editor reads the text and its formatting elements, commands for inserting external objects and their formatting, interprets these elements and commands (that is, applies formatting commands to the text and external objects and displays them on the screen (or other external device) ) formatted text and external objects.
In addition to text formatting tools, text editors often provide additional utilities that make working with a document easier: search and replace tools; spelling and punctuation checks; tools for working with the clipboard; help system for the program; automation tools (writing scripts or macros), etc.
Thus, a powerful text editor consists of a text window for entering text, a library of formatting elements, an interpreter of these elements, a number of auxiliary programs for creating and formatting external objects, and a set of utilities that make working with a document easier.
The set of formatting elements is purely individual for each text editor. That is, the interpreter of one text editor cannot understand and correctly process the elements of another text editor. However, the need to read documents created in another text editor still exists. To solve this problem, powerful and mid-range editors provide a set of converters that translate elements of another text editor into commands from this one.
4.Typical interface structure.
The menu bar contains the names of groups of commands, united by functionality. The menu bar is at the top of the screen. Selecting a mode from the menu bar opens the corresponding submenu, and selecting a specific option within it provides access to a lower-level menu. This system of nested (drop-down) menus forms the basis of the word processor interface. Menu commands are selected using the mouse, cursor keys, or combinations of certain keystrokes (“hot keys”).
The status line contains the name of the document being edited and determines the current position of the cursor in this document. The line displays reference information.
The hint line contains information about possible user actions at the current moment.
The working area is the space on the display screen for creating and working with a document. The maximum size of the working field is determined by the standard monitor parameters and is 25 lines of 80 characters each.
The ruler defines document boundaries and tab stops. There are vertical and horizontal rulers. By default, the coordinate ruler is graduated in centimeters. The zero point of the coordinate ruler is aligned with the first paragraph of text.
The scroll bar is used to move document text in the working area of the window. A ruler that moves text vertically is called a vertical scroll bar, and horizontal movement is called a horizontal scroll bar.
Cursor - a short, usually blinking line, shows the position of the working field in which the entered character or text element will be placed. In text mode, the cursor is horizontal, located at the bottom of the familiar place it points to. In graphic mode, vertical, located to the left of the place where the next symbol is inserted. Each word processor has its own capabilities for providing cursor movement (as well as interface control in general). The interface is controlled using a keyboard and mouse.
In keyboard interface control mode, the four cursor keys move the cursor one position in the direction of the arrow. Keys
Often modern word processors, using various combinations of function and regular keys, make it possible to move the cursor one word, sentence or paragraph, or direct it to the beginning or end of a line.
In mouse mode, you can move around the document by clicking on the corresponding arrow on the scroll bars, or by clicking on the scroll bar itself, or by dragging the mouse along the scroll bar.
Indicators are signs or symbols that reflect the corresponding operating modes of a program or computer. Indicators in the status bar are symbols or service (keywords) that reflect the operating modes of the program. The indicators on the keyboard reflect the operating mode of the keyboard switches; there are three of them: NumLock, CapsLock, ScrollLock.
A switch is an on-screen interface element or a command used to turn on or off a particular mode. The indicator can also be a switch if you click on it with the mouse.
5. Basic functions of a text editor.
As an example, we can take perhaps the most common text editor, Microsoft Word.
Microsoft Word allows you to enter, edit, format and design text and correctly place it on the page. With this program, you can insert graphics, tables, and charts into your document, and automatically correct spelling and grammatical errors. The Word text editor also has many other features that make creating and editing documents much easier. Most frequently used functions:
Typing;
Cutting out pieces of text, memorizing them during the current work session, as well as in the form of separate files;
Inserting pieces into the desired place in the text;
Replacing words one with another partially or completely throughout the text;
Finding the right words or sentences in the text;
Text formatting, i.e. giving it a certain appearance according to the following parameters: text column width, paragraph, margins on both sides, top and bottom margins, distance between lines, line edge alignment;
Automatic division of text into pages with a specified number of lines;
Automatic page numbering;
Automatic entry of subheadings at the bottom or top of the page;
Selecting part of the text in bold, italic or underlined font;
Switching the program to work with a different alphabet;
Tabulation of lines, i.e. creating constant spacing to present text in columns;
When you enter text, you come to the end of a line, Word automatically moves to the next line;
If you make a typo while entering text, the auto-correct feature automatically corrects it. And the automatic spell check feature highlights misspelled words with a red wavy line to make them easier to see and correct;
If you use hyphens to highlight list items, use fractions, a trademark sign or other special characters, the auto-formatting function will correct them itself;
Possibility of inserting formulas, tables, figures into the text;
Ability to create several text columns on one page;
Selection of ready-made styles and templates;
To present text in table form, you can, of course, use a tabulator, but Microsoft Word offers much more effective tools. And if the table contains digital data, then it is easy to turn it into a chart;
Preview mode allows you to see the document in the form in which it will be printed. In addition, it allows you to display all pages at once, which is convenient for making changes before printing. The program also offers a number of functions that save time and effort. Among them:
AutoText - for storing and inserting frequently used words, phrases or graphics;
Styles - for storing and specifying entire sets of formats at once;
Merge - for creating serial letters, printing envelopes and labels;
Macros - for executing a sequence of frequently used commands;
- “masters” - for creating professionally designed documents.
Special features of text editors:
1) text editing
· working with a section of text
Selection
Removal
Write to buffer
Copy
Recording as a separate file, etc.
· text alignment
Along the edge (right, left, width)
Centered
Width
· automatic word hyphenation
Entirely
According to the transfer rules
· column organization
2) creating backup copies at regular intervals
3) working with tables
· marking
· removing and adding columns and rows
· text alignment in cells
· frame design
4) refusal of the last actions and refusal to refuse
5) operations on drawings
· insert into text
· scaling and stretching along axes
· wrapping text around a picture, etc.
6) pagination
· automatic, by setting the number of lines per page
· tough, forced
· page numbering (top, bottom)
7) use of document templates
8) use of a set of fonts
· true type (ttf) - proportional fonts
· fonts with freely resizable sizes
· various ways to highlight fonts - underlining, italics, etc.
9) contextual search and replacement of a given sequence of words in the text
10) spell checking using the built-in dictionary
11) hint of synonyms and antonyms
12) grammar check - analysis of the sentence as a whole
13) construction of tables of contents, indexes, footnotes
14) a set of complex formulas (mathematical, physical)
15) use of information from the DBMS and ET in the text.
Bibliography:
http://www.examens.ru
Computer science. Part 2: Guidelines for laboratory work / RGRTA; comp. N.I. Iopa. Ryazan, 2002. 56 p.
Topic: "Text editors".
Lesson objectives:
Help students gain an understanding of text editors
Fostering students’ information culture, attentiveness, accuracy, discipline, and perseverance.
Development of cognitive interests.
Lesson type: Learning new material.
Requirements for student knowledge and skills: After this lesson, students should know what a text editor, a word processor, structural units of text and the text editor environment are.
Equipment:
board, computer, multimedia projector, presentation.
Literature
Semakin I.G. Teaching a basic computer science course in secondary school: Methodological manual / I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Sheina. – 3rd ed., rev. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. – 416 p.
Semakin I.G. Computer Science and ICT. Basic course: Textbook for 8th grade/I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Sheina. – 2nd ed., – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. – 176 p.
Questions studied:
what is a text editor and text CPU;
structural units of text;
text editor environment.
Lesson plan:
Organizational moment (2 min).
Checking homework (5 min).
Learning new material (25 min).
Consolidation of the studied material (10 min).
Summarizing. Homework (3 min).
During the classes:
1. Org. moment.
Greeting students, checking the readiness of the room for the lesson, checking absentees.
2.Checking homework.
What are the advantages of storing texts in files compared to paper storage?(possibility of editing, quick copying to other media; ability to transmit text via computer communication lines)
What is hypertext?(this is a text organized so that it can be viewed in a sequence of semantic connections between its individual fragments)
How powerful is the alphabet used in computers to represent texts?(256 characters)
What is a coding table?(this is a table in which each character of the alphabet is assigned a serial number and an eight-bit binary code)
What is the name of the international character encoding table?( ASCII)
In what number system are the codes in this encoding table represented?(binary number system)
Using Table 3.1 of the textbook, code your initials.
3. Studying new material.
What is a text editor and text CPU.
To work with text documents, there are application programs called text editors.So, write down the definition:Text editor ( TP ) is an application program that allows you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, and print the document.
What are these editors for? (they allow you to create text documents and edit them).
In relation to text editors with extensive capabilities for formatting text, including graphics, and spell checking, the name “word processor” (TP) is often used.
There are many TRs - from the simplest educational systems to powerful publishing systems.
Simple text editors (for example, the standard Windows Notepad application) allow you to edit text, as well as perform simple font formatting.
More advanced text editors (for example, Microsoft Word and StarOffice Writer), which are sometimes called word processors, have a wide range of capabilities for creating documents (inserting lists and tables, spell checking tools, saving corrections, etc.).
To prepare for the publication of books, magazines and newspapers in the process of publication layout, powerful text processing programs are used - desktop publishing systems (for example, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Office Publisher).
To prepare Web pages and Web sites for publication on the Internet, specialized applications (for example, Microsoft FrontPage) are used.
Let's get acquainted with the basic concepts associated with TR and its capabilities.
Structural units of the text.
The data that text editors work with is symbolic information. The smallest element of text is one character. Words are character sequences separated from each other by spaces or punctuation marks. The structural units of text are also: word, line, paragraph, page, section, symbol. Existcertain techniques (commands) for working with each of these units, they will be discussed by us in the next paragraph.
Text editor environment.
The text typed by the user on the keyboard is displayed in the editor's working field on the screen. The location of impact on the working field is marked with a cursor. The cursor looks like a dash or a rectangle.
Often the text is larger than what can fit on the screen. In this case, only part of the text is located within the working field. The screen is a kind of window through which you can view text. To move this window around the text, use special keys or a manipulator.
Most text editors have information on the screen about their current state - the status bar. As a rule, it indicates the cursor coordinates (current line number and position in the line), page number, text format, current font and some other information.
For anyoneTPThe presence of a menu of editor control commands on the screen is typical. These are commands for changing operating modes, file operations, printing, text formatting,requests for information and others. The menu can have both text and pictographic form.
4. Consolidation of the studied material
Read the paragraph and write down the main definitions in your notebook, then answer the questions.
What is a text editor? (text editor - is an application program that allows you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, print the document)
What is a text editor used for?(a text editor allows you to create text documents and edit them)
What is the smallest element of text called?(symbol)
What is the name for the sequence of characters between two spaces or punctuation marks?(word)
5. Summing up. Homework
Summing up the lesson: Our lesson has come to an end. Today you learned what a text editor, a word processor, structural units of text are and got acquainted with the text editor environment.
Grading. Homework: § 14. Know what text editors and processors are, the main structural units of text.
Additional task: find out what text editors you have at home.
While working at a computer, we are extremely often faced with the need to create, edit, design and print text information. Special programs are used for this. Let's try to figure out what it is and why it is needed.
Definition
Text editors are specialized programs that allow you to create, format, edit, save and In addition to the text itself, modern documents can contain other objects (tables, lists, diagrams, images, etc.).
The most popular programs for working with text
Now that you already know what a text editor is, we can talk about which applications in this category are the most popular.
Microsoft Word
Probably the most widespread and easy-to-use program. Lots of settings, options, extensive functionality, support for collaboration and reviewing.
Open Office
Free alternative to MS Office software package. The Open Office text editor is slightly inferior to Word in terms of functionality and does not have the same attractive modern interface, but overall it is quite good for performing basic tasks.
AbiWord
Supports quite a few different text formats, including doc and rtf. This program weighs very little, works quite quickly, does not freeze, and meets all the requirements of a modern user.
GNU Emacs
Multifunctional free editor, adapted to work on different operating systems. The basis of the Emacs ideology is the principles of extensibility, customization to user requirements and the desire to combine “all in one”.
However, be that as it may, the good old Microsoft Word is considered the most popular, reliable and convenient.
Main features of MS Word
What is it and what functions can it perform? A unique program created by Microsoft specialists has been improved over several decades. Modern MS Word allows you to:
- enter and edit text using the keyboard with the ability to subsequently save it in the computer’s memory;
- format information (change parameters and text formatting);
- use tools for previewing documents in the process of preparing them for printing;
- process multiple documents simultaneously;
- check spelling, spelling and punctuation in different languages;
- introduce graphic images and diagrams into the text;
- create and add tables to the text, edit them;
- use macros in documents, etc.
As for the disadvantages of MS Word, there are not so many of them. However, speaking about what a text editor is, it is worth saying that not all of them are suitable for certain purposes. For example, in the case of Word, you may have problems entering chemical formulas and complex mathematical expressions. In addition, this text editor is not intended for the production of complex printed products (magazine atlases, etc.) or for editing high-quality images.
Studying the MS Word word processor menu
Knowing what a text editor is, you will, of course, want to know more about its capabilities. You can get a general idea of the functionality of MS Word by familiarizing yourself with the main command tabs of the program:
- Home. Contains a set of commands related to setting paragraphs, styles and choosing fonts.
- Insert. Allows you to embed pages, tables, links, illustrations, footers, headings, symbols and text objects into a document.
- Page layout. Here you can find commands for working with themes, paragraph spacing, and background images. On the same tab there are tools that allow you to configure the page parameters and the order of elements on it.
- Links. The commands on this tab will be useful to those who already know what a text editor is and are working on creating serious voluminous works (table of contents, bibliographies and citations, index, headings, footnotes, etc.).
- Newsletters. Here are all the features you need to create, preview, and send mail.
- Reviewing. Tools for checking documents (thesaurus, spelling, etc.). On the same tab, you will see commands that allow you to share the document with other users for review, add a comment, track and process changes, compare versions, and protect the document.
- View. This tab is responsible for viewing a document in different modes and the ability to view multiple documents.
In the upper left corner you can find the “File” button, which opens the main menu of MS Word, the commands of which allow you to open, save, print documents, as well as learn more about the installed version of the program, what the Microsoft Word text editor is and go to detailed information certificate In addition, in the "File" menu you can change the default settings of the program itself (spelling settings, autosave, theme, etc.).
Essentially, now you know a text editor, and you can easily find the commands you need to work.
