A computer, like a construction set, consists of several boards and devices. If you know the purpose of each of them, you can build your own supercomputer. Assembling a computer along with installing the operating system can take from 1 hour to 3 hours if all the parts and necessary software are available. We will tell you how to quickly and easily cope with this simple task.

Materials and tools:

• Phillips screwdriver or screwdriver
• Computer case
• Motherboard
• Processor with special hot melt adhesive
• Sound card (can be built into the motherboard)
• Video card (can be built into the motherboard)
• RAM
• Winchester (HDD)
• Keyboard
• Power adapter (pilot)
• Monitor
• The minimum required software is an operating system (Windows, Linux...) and often a text editor (Microsoft office, Open office...) is required for work.

Attention - when assembling a computer, follow the rules for working with electrical appliances, as well as the instructions included with the parts.

Computer selection:

• Decide what tasks the computer will perform. The cost of a computer directly depends on the complexity of the functions assigned to it. To work in the World and Excel office applications, an inexpensive office computer is enough for you. To work with graphic applications and for games, you will need a powerful and expensive computer.
• When purchasing parts for a future computer, check with the seller whether certain parts are compatible with each other. All parts, first of all, must be compatible with the computer case and motherboard.

Computer assembly instructions:

1. Prepare a Phillips screwdriver or screwdriver and clear the area for assembling the computer.

2. Let's start assembling with the body. Depending on the housing design, remove the side housing cover or the overall housing cover. At the same time, the empty space of the case will open to you.

3. Lay the computer on its side so that it is convenient for you to insert the necessary spare parts into it.

4. Open the package from the motherboard - this is the largest board from the computer. All devices of your computer are connected to the motherboard and install the motherboard on the inner side of the computer, so that the connectors located on the end of the board fit into the rear holes of the computer case. And the internal connectors looked inward.

5. Attach the motherboard to the computer case.

6. Remove the processor from the packaging and carefully, strictly according to the instructions included in the kit, insert it into the motherboard connector. Using the special glue included with the processor, firmly glue the cooler (fan) to the processor.

7. Now install the power supply into the computer case.

8. Screw the required number of screws onto the outside of the housing.

9. Connect power to the motherboard.

10. Insert the hard drive into the case.

11. Connect the hard drive to the motherboard. Two cables - one power cable, and the second for exchanging information with the motherboard.

12. Insert the CD-ROM from the front of the case.

13. From the inside of the case, connect it to the motherboard. Plug one end of the cable into the CD-Rom socket, and plug the other end into the motherboard.

14. Now you need to connect power to the CD-Rom

15. Similarly, you can connect other devices to the computer (Floppy drive, another CD-Rom). The number of connected devices is limited by the number of corresponding ports and cables on the computer.

16. In accordance with the instructions, using the included wires, connect the motherboard with additional connectors (Audio, USB...)

17. If you have an “external” video card, break off the protective insert on the computer case opposite the corresponding slot on the computer case.

18. Insert the motherboard into the dedicated slot

19. If you are going to remove it, do not forget that when you inserted the video card, the board snapped into place. Therefore, before disconnecting the video card, remove the fuse

20. In the same way, you can connect other devices - in this case, a modem is connected.

21.Insert the RAM card or cards into the appropriate slots on the motherboard. To do this, move the fuses to the sides and carefully insert the board into place. Be careful when doing this, because... The notch in the middle of the RAM should line up with the bulge of the slot on the mother memory. Press the RAM evenly and it will snap into the mother memory slot.

22. Close the computer case.

23. Well, it looks like we have assembled the main part of the computer, now all that remains is to connect the peripherals and power. To do this, connect external devices to the appropriate ports. These ports are located on the back of your personal computer.

24. Plug in the green socket - the green plug from your speakers or headphones. If you connect a microphone, you will need to connect it to the pink socket.

25. If you have a local network, then connect the network cable to the appropriate socket

26. Connect the computer to the monitor; to do this, plug a wire with a large blue plug into the special connector on the computer. If your computer has a built-in motherboard, then you can easily guess where to connect this cord. And if there are two video cards, i.e. one is built-in, and the second is additional, then plug the cord into the additional video card, now it will process graphics.

27. You need to plug the other end of this wire and the power wire into the monitor.

28. Now connect the power cable to the computer's power supply - its plug is located at the back and top of the case. Move the switch from position (0) to position (-), the same may need to be done with the monitor.

29. Plug the computer and monitor power cables into the power adapter

30. On the front of the case, press the large button

32. If the message appears on the monitor, then you have successfully assembled your computer!

33. Now you have to install the operating system and other programs necessary for operation.

Let's disassemble the system unit. Manual for beginners

What do we need:
1) Workplace, preferably more spacious
2) Several screwdrivers, medium size
3) A box for bolts and screws
4) Brush
5) Vacuum cleaner

The system unit is very easy to disassemble!
I didn’t completely disassemble my unit, not everything according to this photo.
So, let's transgress.

1) Remove both side covers from the case, vacuum it and place it on the table

2) Unfasten all available connectors.

If you are disassembling the block for the first time, then it is better to write down or sketch in some way convenient for you, take a photograph of which ones you unfastened from where.
Pay special attention to connecting the USB and the power and restart buttons!

We unfasten the power connectors from the video card, sound card, hard drive, DVD drive, SATA and IDI cables, fan connectors and motherboard.

Take your time with the last one.
The standard motherboard power connector has 24 pins in new power supplies (in old power supplies, the connector consisted of 20 pins + 4 additional ones), a special latch, usually located on the left or right edge of the board and looks like this:

In order to remove it, you need to press the latch and pull the connector with one hand, and hold the motherboard with the other hand. This is not easy, but without fanaticism. Don't tear it off by the roots.
The processor power connector has a square shape, four to eight pins, also has a latch and is located near the processor

In order to remove it, you need to press the latch and pull it out. There are almost no difficulties here, only if you have a small processor cooler.

3) Remove the PCI device.
It is important to put all iron in a safe place, that is, not on a cabinet or in a puddle of water or in a box with children's toys - think about the consequences.
All the boards that are located on the motherboard are bolted to the case, we unscrew them, take out the boards and vacuum them using a brush.

We collect the bolts in a box.
With a video card it's a little more complicated.
There is a special fastener on the motherboard, you need to pull it to the side and remove the video card. Ready!

4) Remove the motherboard.

Well, there is nothing complicated!
We unscrew the bolts, usually four to six of them (throw them in a box)
We take the payment for the right side and take it out.

The same way we pass with a brush
Nothing complicated.

5) The power supply is attached to the case with four bolts on the rear wall of the case, and there is also a special holder for the power supply in the motherboard tray.
We unscrew it, take out all its wires (so as not to tear it off!) and take out the block from inside the case.

6) DVD drive, hard drive, card reader, Floppy drive - all this is fastened with bolts on both sides (this is why two case covers were removed), sometimes with plastic fasteners and installed in special baskets.
We unscrew the bolts, the hard drive is removed from the inside of the case, and the drive, card reader and Floppy are pulled out from the outside.
All is ready!
Assembling the system unit is quite simple! All actions are just the opposite.

1) We put the motherboard into the case with its left side, since on the left side of the board the connectors need to be combined with the so-called “Mirror” - a plug for these same connectors is inserted into the case, serves for protection and beauty, probably.
Combined.

When you removed the board from the case, you noticed that the board was screwed to special bolts or protrusions in the tray.
We align the mounting holes of the board with these bolts and screw the board.
First, we do not twist it completely so that the board falls into place, then we twist it completely, starting from the middle and ending at the corners.

2) Install the power supply and screw it to the case, connect the power connectors of the processor and motherboard. Pay attention to the 24-pin connector, it can be dismountable 20 + 4 and sometimes an additional fourth one is removed, so when assembling, do not mix it up and for accuracy, check the connector with the socket on the motherboard!

4) We connect the connectors of the power button, reset button and HDD indicators, as well as USB. How to do this correctly? See your notes during disassembly or the instructions from the motherboard.

5) Install PCI devices.
Everything is in reverse order.
We insert the board into the connector and press it, but pay attention to the metal mounting plates that were screwed to the case during dismantling. There are recesses where each of the boards is installed in the PC case (at the junction of the motherboard tray and the back wall of the case). Align the metal plates and recesses, then all the boards will fall into place!
It looks like everything is ready. Good luck everyone!

The whole variety of RS designs can be reduced to five main types:

1) all in one case (All-On-Once) - old computers with an 8-bit CPU, such as Apple, Commodore, Atary, Spectrum, etc.;

2) portable computers (LapTop, Note-Book, etc.) with built-in flat display and keyboard;

3) PC with a built-in CRT display (TSR-80 models I-IV, Macintosh);

4) the most popular until recently, IBM PC/XT/AT and most of their clones, have a system unit in a durable case, a separately connected keyboard and a monitor that can be installed on the system unit;

5) a system unit of a vertical design, installed on a table (Mini Tower) or on the floor (Big Tower), which frees up space on the table and provides easy access to slot connectors and boards.

To disassemble and reassemble a PC you need to have a specific technical manual(User Manual) for this PC. This will save a lot of time and avoid errors and introduced malfunctions.

Instructions for disassembling a computer, from start to finish consists of a finite number of operations performed sequentially. It is necessary to disassemble only what is required to identify a defect or repair a faulty component. Extensive dismantling is not only a waste of time, but also a source of new malfunctions. So it is strongly recommended, despite the ease of disassembly, to find instructions for disassembling and reassembling this particular computer in its technical manual or reference literature. In the literature you can find a very detailed description of the sequence of disassembly and assembly of most computers, from PC/XT/AT to PS/2 models 60 and 80, with rules for access to all components - from cards in slots, to power supplies, drives and SBs generally.

The modern design of the system unit is simple. If you remove the housing cover or side walls, access to its internal components will open.

In machines of the DeskTop design (desktop, with a horizontal motherboard), you need to unscrew the screws from the back of the system unit, and in Tower designs - from the back, or back and side, and the cover is removed. The computer elements are placed on the system board, and, for the most part, soldered: CPU, FPU, microprocessor frame modules (Chip-Set). In special connectors SB, there are memory modules SIMM, DIMM, and sometimes in sockets (Chip-Sockets) IC ROM BIOS, keyboard controller (type 8042), CMOS memory are installed. For early models RS-286, RS-386 and RS-486, a mathematical coprocessor was installed in a special connector, and for some older models RS-286, a set of individual microcircuits random access memory (RAM).

Non-solderable elements can be removed and installed without a special tool, using a small slotted screwdriver, although to facilitate the removal of the IC, it is advisable to have a special extractor, and for their installation - a special device. SIMM and DIMM memory modules are installed by hand into their connectors at an angle are then raised to a vertical position and automatically secured with the appropriate latches. All other components (expansion adapter cards) are simply installed in the system bus expansion slot on the SB and secured with a screw.

Other components of the computer, such as FDD, HDD, CD-ROM drives, are pushed along guides into the structural unit and fixed with latches or screws on the sides of the system unit. To remove and install them, it is sometimes necessary to remove the front panel or the front covers, which are secured with spring clips.

Control questions.

1. What main types of RS designs do you know?

2. What documents should be used when disassembling and reassembling a computer?

3. How are RAM modules removed and installed in modern PCs?

4. How to remove and install daughter boards on the motherboard?

5. How are hard drives and floppy drives installed in a PC system unit?

When building a typical PC, the following components are typically used:

Housing with power supply. Motherboard. Processor with heat sink. Memory. Floppy disk storage. Hard disk drive. CD-ROM/DVD drive. Keyboard and positioning device (mouse). Video adapter and monitor. Sound card and speaker systems. Fans and radiators. Cables. Additional components (screws, fasteners, etc.). Operating system.

Installing the system board.

To install the processor and heatsink on the motherboard, you need the following:

Install the processor. Find pin 1 on the processor: usually one of the corners of the microcircuit is slightly beveled or marked with a dot, and this pin is located near it. Next, locate pin 1 in the CPU ZIF socket located on the motherboard. Now you need to lift the lever and place the microcircuit in the connector, aligning the contact pins with the corresponding holes. If the processor does not fit into the socket, check that it is oriented correctly and that the pins match. Once the processor is seated properly, lower the clamp lever to secure the chip in the socket.

Secure the heat sink. Typically, heatsinks are secured to the processor socket using one or more retaining clips. When attaching the clamps, hold the heatsink directly over the processor, without tilting or moving to one side or another. Very often, heat sinks are supplied with a thermal interface applied; in other cases, it is necessary to apply a layer of thermal conductive grease to the processor before installing it. The use of lubricant prevents the formation of an air gap and increases the efficiency of the radiator. If the processor ships with an active heatsink (that is, a cooling fan), connect the fan's power cable to the appropriate connector on the system board.

Installing memory modules.

Modern boards use a wide variety of memory module types. Typically the lowest numbered slots are used first. Sometimes modules are installed in pairs, and sometimes even in fours.

Memory modules often have a special recess on the sides or bottom, allowing the module to be installed in the only correct way.

Securing the motherboard in the case

Typically, the motherboard is secured to the case with one or more screws and plastic standoffs. If the case is new, you first need to insert one or more plastic or metal stands into the holes specially designed for them. The procedure for installing the board is described below.

1. Inspect the holes in the board for the racks. If there is a metal edging soldered around, the hole is intended for a metal stand, and if there is no edging, for a plastic one. Now the metal stands need to be screwed into the holes in the chassis of the case so that they are located opposite their corresponding holes in the board.

2. Screw the metal standoffs into the chassis of the new case so that they align with the corresponding threaded holes on the system board.

3. After securing the standoffs to the case, carefully place the system board on them, matching the position of the standoffs and mounting holes, and then screw the system board to the standoffs using screws.

4. Install the rear I/O connector panel.

Some cases and motherboards, especially the ATX form factor, do not require the use of plastic racks. Instead, the motherboard is screwed to metal standoffs. This makes installing motherboards much easier.

Connecting the power supply

When installing the power supply, you need to place it in the appropriate compartment of the case and screw it with several screws.

If the system uses an ATX connector, then the task is simple: it is connected in the only possible way. Along with the 4-pin 12V ATX ​​connector, some systems also have an additional 6-pin connector. Both connectors are marked accordingly. If you have two 6-wire connectors, plug them in so that the two outer black wires are side by side in the center. Be sure to make sure the connection is correct by checking the documentation that came with the board.

If the board has a CPU fan, connect power to it as well. You can use a special splitter to connect the fan to the connector that supplies power to the hard drive. Perhaps there is a special connector for supplying power to the fan - right on the system board.

Connecting cables from I/O devices and other connectors to the system board

From the system board, several connecting wires are connected to various elements of the computer case. They lead to the power and hard drive activity indicators, as well as the Reset button. Most modern motherboards have several built-in I/O ports, these also need to be connected. These are two IDE adapters, a disk drive controller, two serial and one parallel ports. And some boards have built-in video and audio adapters.

First, locate the 34-pin floppy drive controller connector on the board and use a ribbon cable to connect the floppy drives to it.

Now connect IDE devices: hard disk drives and CD-ROM drives. They are connected using a flat IDE cable to the 40-pin connectors of the main and secondary IDE controllers located on the board. Typically, the hard drive is connected to the main controller, and the CD-ROM is connected to the secondary controller.

If the ports do not have connectors with matching connectors, the port may need to be installed on the back of the chassis. Try to find a hole that fits this connector and remove the metal plate covering it. Then insert the desired connector into the hole, after removing the screws from it. To secure the connector in the new location, screw the screws back in.

Most modern motherboards also have a built-in mouse port. If the connector for connecting a mouse to this port is not built directly into the board (usually it is located on the back, next to the keyboard connector), then you need to connect a separate connector. It should be mounted on the back of the computer case and connected to the board using the appropriate connecting cable.

Connect to the system board the buttons and indicators located on the front panel of the system unit, as well as the internal speaker cables and USB ports located on the front panel. If the connection points for the corresponding wires are not marked on the board, use the diagram provided in the documentation supplied with the board.

The most common markings for front panel indicators are:

HDD-LED - red diode on the front side of the case (the color scheme for marking the wires is mainly used, red-white) PWR-LED - green diode, network indicator (green-white) PWR-SW - on/off button (orange-white) RESET-SW - PC reset button (black-white) SPEAKER - system speaker (red-white, often yellow-white).

Installation of drives.

Remove the guides from the drive (if installed).

To install an optical drive, simply insert it into the case. Please note that some cases come with guides that must be secured to the drive before it can be installed in the case. In this situation, the guides are usually screwed to the drive, and they are secured in the case with latches or some other method.

Connect the interface cable and power cable (to both the drive and the system board).

If the system unit has a removable bay used for installing floppy and hard drives, it should be removed.

To install the drive and hard drives, remove the drive bay, place the drives in it, and secure it with screws. Before doing this, do not forget to set all jumpers and switches on the drive to the desired position. Connect the interface cable to all installed devices.

Connect the drive cables to the system board.

Installing a new video adapter and driver

If necessary, unscrew the screw and remove the cover on the back of the expansion slot that will be needed for the new video adapter.

Install the video adapter into the desired slot.

Screw the video adapter holder to the rear wall of the system unit.

Replace the system cover and turn on the computer. When Windows boots, it will detect the new device and automatically begin installing the driver. Follow the on-screen instructions. After installing the adapter, open the Display Properties dialog box to adjust the resolution, color quality (color depth), and screen refresh rate.

Installing expansion cards

Most often, expansion cards contain a network, video, and audio adapter. To install them on the motherboard there are special expansion connectors.

Place the bottom edge of the board with the metal contacts on it into the appropriate connector. Press firmly on the top edge of the board until it snaps into place.

Screw the board to the computer case.

Connect all necessary cables to the inserted board.

Connecting external cables

Close the housing with the lid.

Connect all external cables (but not while the computer is on). Most connectors are D-shaped, so they cannot be connected incorrectly.

Insert the cable coming from the monitor into the 15-pin female connector (this is the video adapter connector).

If you have a modem, connect the telephone cord to it.

One round connector is for the keyboard, the other (on some systems) is for the mouse, but if you have a serial mouse, its cable must be connected to the appropriate port.

If there are still devices left, such as a joystick or speakers, connect them to the appropriate connectors as well.

An approximate procedure for disassembling the computer system unit:

Disconnect all cables.

Remove all expansion cards.

Remove all memory sticks.

Remove the motherboard assembly with cooler and processor.

Remove data storage devices.

Remove power supply

1.2. Assembly and disassembly procedure

A few basic rules. things you need to know and remember:

A.) If you started working with a computer brought from the street, stop all actions and let it naturally (within 2 hours) bring the equipment to gain ambient temperature.

b.) If the case or other parts of the system unit are wet, it is prohibited to plug in the equipment until it is completely dry.

V.) Before removing the cover or other means of protecting the housing, make sure that all power switches and power cables are turned off and disconnected from the equipment being disassembled.

G.) Know that after your actions aimed at repairing, upgrading, testing your system, you may lose all the data you have accumulated, and if you are not confident in yourself, then save all the information you need before taking your actions.

d.) Find a convenient method for remembering settings BIOS , jumpers, micro switches - these will come in handy.

Quite often, when repairing a computer, specialists, disassembling and assembling the system, do something mechanically and forget to do something else. As you can see from the first part of this chapter, computer designs are not that complicated, but repairs done carelessly or irresponsibly can do more harm than good. Losing a part or damaging anything while working is a sure way to lose a client or job (and in exceptional cases you may also be held accountable) . Below are recommendations, the purpose of which is to help you repair computers faster and better.

1.2.1 Value of data

Experience shows that the value of data stored on clients' hard drives usually exceeds the cost of the equipment itself. If your customer is an entrepreneur or corporate client, then his computer may contain financial, technical, reference, design or organizational data vital to his business. Therefore, you should make every effort to protect yourself from possible troubles associated with the loss of information stored on your computer. Even if the drive turns out to be faulty, the customer may hold you responsible for the inability to recover valuable information recorded on the drive. Start with agreement (written or oral) conditions of repair work. When negotiating these terms, please pay attention to the following points: (their list can be expanded) .

Always advise regularly backing up data stored on your hard drives. Before offering to bring the computer into your workshop, recommend performing a full data backup, if possible.

Please advise checking your backups regularly. They will be useless if data cannot be recovered from them.

1.2.2 Removing the system unit cover

Most desktop and vertical system cases consist of a metal chassis covered by a painted cover that is secured to the chassis with a few screws. Cases with a horizontal layout usually have nine of them - two on each side of the cover and five on the back side of the case. There are also deviations from this scheme. The fastening screws can be screwed in, for example, not from the side surfaces of the cover, but from the bottom. The number of screws on the back of the case may also vary. On the front side of the case, covered with a plastic decorative panel, screws for securing the cover are very rarely found, since this spoils the appearance of the system unit.

The covers of vertical enclosures are usually attached differently. There are from four to nine fastening screws - and all of them are located on the back side of the case. When installed correctly, the lower and upper edges of the cover bend inward and fit into the grooves on the chassis and front panel and are fixed in them. This allows the number of mounting screws to be kept to a minimum. If the housing design does not provide guide grooves, the cover can be secured with additional screws located along its lower and front edges. Manufacturers typically strive to minimize the number of visible mounting screws to avoidspoil the appearance of the case - it is for this reason that everyone tries to place them on the back side of the case.

When removing screws and other fasteners, pay attention to the following. First, try not to scratch the painted metal cover. Customers are very sensitive to the money they spend, and a scratch or chip on the cover is equivalent to a dented bumper on a new one for them. "Mercedes" . After removing the cover, put it in a safe place where you cannot, for example, accidentally sit on it. Second, place the mounting screws in a specific order and in a safe place. The advice of putting every little thing into the cells of cardboard egg boxes is as old as the world - but is still relevant to this day. Naturally, you can use more modern containers: plastic bags or a cash register with drawers.

The main thing is to keep fasteners away from the work area. (of course, if you enjoy picking them up off the floor, that's a different matter) , watch where you remove the screws from and arrange them in groups. This will help you later return each screw to its place. Since in most cases the covers are secured with screws of the same diameter and length, this advice is not so relevant at the disassembly stage being considered now. But when dismantling other subsystems, fixing the sequence of actions and organizing the dismantled parts becomes one of the most important conditions for the successful completion of the work.

Be careful when removing the cover from the chassis. Metal posts and stiffeners welded to it can snag on flat cables and other connecting wires. As a result, not only the cables themselves can be damaged, but also the devices to which they are connected. The rule in this case is simple: don’t make any effort, if you feel that something is bothering you, stop and find out the reason . It is much easier to eliminate the interference than to replace a damaged cable.

1.2.3 Installing the system cover

After upgrading or repairing your computer, you must close the system unit. Before replacing the cover, make sure that all components and subsystems of the computer are mounted correctly and secured in place, and that there is nothing unnecessary left inside the case. The effort and time spent sorting components during system disassembly will more than pay off at this stage of the work. Be sure to connect all power cables and signal cables. Each connector must be inserted all the way and in the correct orientation. Carefully route the signal cables. A tangle of wires in the system unit can cause many troubles. In particular, during the assembly process or the next time you disassemble the system, you or your colleague may damage any cable protruding to the side, for example, by catching it with a cover. In addition, if the signal cables are poorly positioned, mutual interference may occur between them. (interference) , which will lead to unstable execution of some operations. Don't forget to check if everyone is connected “minor” cables (drive audio cable CD - ROM , two-wire cords going from the system board to the speaker head, key lock, etc.) .

After assembling the computer, without putting the cover on yet, turn it on and perform a final diagnostic and system check. If the computer is working normally, replace the cover. (without damaging the wires and cables) and secure it with a full set of mounting screws.

In the process of repairing, upgrading or assembling a new computer, a lot of manual work has to be done inside the system case. Unfortunately, we learn about the existence of many problems only after they arise, and some we create ourselves. The recommendations below will enrich your technical experience and help minimize the likelihood of emergency situations. Beware of sharp edges on metal covers, strips, and other body and chassis components. Housing manufacturers often seek to save on deburring and edge processing operations. Make sure the chassis is rigid. Unfortunately, they are all different in this regard. Some stand like a house, others warp at the slightest pressure. If possible, try to strengthen the flimsy structure (unfortunately, without plumbing skills, you can only tighten the mounting screws) . Check the ventilation holes in the case and the condition of the fans and make sure that there is normal air circulation inside the system unit. Clean the dust from the fan blades and protective grilles, as well as the inlet and outlet air filters. All fans in the unit should be running.

Clean the inside of the system unit from dust. Dust is a heat insulator and is electrically conductive. If the components of printed circuit boards are covered with dust, then their normal heat exchange with the environment is disrupted, they overheat, and electrical leaks and even short circuits between conductors may occur on the boards themselves and in the connectors.

Be responsible when choosing a new chassis. Chassis replacement (or building a new computer) - The work is, of course, interesting, but it takes a lot of time. Therefore, think in advance about the prospects for expanding the system and select a case with an appropriate number of drive bays and openings for expansion slots, a sufficiently powerful power supply and the required number of connectors for supplying power to the drives.

Use standard cases, power supplies and motherboards. New computers are almost never assembled in old cases like AT (full size and Baby - AT ) . Today, ATX and ATX designs are considered standard. NLX , standardization of sizes guarantees mutual docking of motherboards, power supplies and cases.

Securely secure the drives. All of them (located in both internal and external compartments) must be secured with at least four screws. With fewer screws, drives may experience vibration during operation, which will shorten their service life. Make sure all mounting screws are screwed in completely. At the same time, they cannot be overtightened, because this can lead to deformation of the internal frame of the drive and its premature failure.

Be careful when installing the system board. Do not bend it under any circumstances, either during intermediate manipulations or during final installation: its surface must be completely flat, without deformation. Make sure that metal edges, standoffs, and other chassis components do not touch the system board.

Check the connection and routing of all cables inside the system unit. Their connectors must be connected to the mating parts tightly and without distortion. Cables (especially flat ones) If possible, they should be laid so as not to interfere with air circulation in the housing.

Inspect expansion cards. Every time you open the system unit, check the quality of their installation. The adapters must be inserted into the expansion slot connectors without distortion and completely. Quite often, when manipulating external cables, expansion cards are pulled out of the connectors and become distorted. This can lead to loss of system functionality, and sometimes to its failure. For this reason, each expansion card bracket must be securely screwed to the chassis.

Make sure each memory module is type SIMM or DIMM fully inserted into its socket and securely fastened (such a check must be carried out, first of all, after replacing them) . Check whether the heatsink is tightly pressed to the processor body and is working, and whether the cooling fan mounted on it is running when the power is turned on. Myself The processor must also be securely inserted into its socket.