Retina display icon

Retina(translated from lat.- “Retina”) is the generic marketing name for LCD and OLED displays used in Apple devices since 2010. They are characterized by increased pixel density so that the human eye cannot distinguish the individual pixels that make up the image. And at the same time, the name Retina is prohibited from being used in products from other brands for displays with the same or even higher pixel density.

There is no established standard for pixel density for the technology: Apple determines different densities for different devices and in accordance with the typical viewing distance for a given class of devices - the greater the typical distance, the lower the pixel density is enough to make them indistinguishable. Based on research that the human eye can distinguish no more than 300 ppi at a distance from the screen to the eye of 10-12 inches (approximately 25-30 cm), the manufacturer claims that on such displays the pixelation of the image is indistinguishable to the eye.

Retina displays, like other displays for Apple devices, are manufactured by Samsung, LG Display, and Sharp.

Technical information

The Retina display uses IPS technology (except for the 4th generation iPod touch, which uses the technology), which provides a wide viewing angle, or OLED (Iphone X). Gorilla glass [ ] . Often the screen is covered with an oleophobic layer.

• Apple has released the following devices with Retina displays:

Retina in devices

The words of Steve Jobs: “Everything is Retina that is more than 300 ppi.” Thus, the iPad 3/4/5(Air) uses a Retina-like display (264 ppi). Also, a Retina-like display is used in the MacBook Pro 13 (3rd generation, 227 ppi), MacBook Pro 15 (3rd generation, 220 ppi).

Full Retina is used only: from iPods - to iPod 4/5. From iPhones - in iPhone 4/4S/5/5C/5S/6/6s/SE - 326 ppi (in all devices), and in iPhone 6 Plus and iPhone 6s Plus - 401 ppi. From iPads - to iPad mini with Retina display - 324 ppi (in all devices). The iPhone 6 Plus and iPhone 6s Plus use Retina. With the release of the iPhone 6 and 6+, Apple announced the use of Retina HD displays with even higher pixel density. However, in practice, the pixel density increased only in the 6+ model, and is 401 ppi, while the pixel density of the iPhone 6 remained the same - 326 ppi.

At the end of 2014, the 27" iMac was released with a Retina 5k display, the resolution of which is 5120x2880 (218 ppi).

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Modern technologies have reached unprecedented heights. At the same time, they are constantly developing and improving. Thus, modern matrices are distinguished by the highest image quality, which was unavailable 5-10 years ago. A prime example of modern advances in screen technology are Retina displays. They have a high pixel density, thanks to which a person sees a flawless picture. But, despite the fact that such technologies have already become a part of the everyday life of modern people, many people ask the question: Retina LCD display, what is it?

1. What is the Retina matrix

For the first time, the concept of “Retina” was used by Apple at the presentation of a new smartphone called iPhone 4. A true genius in the world of modern technology, Steve Jobs, at the presentation of his new brainchild, paid a lot of attention to the new matrix technology. However, many are asking a completely logical question: isn’t “Retina” a common marketing ploy? Is this really a new discovery that the manufacturer of apple products can be proud of?

Answering the question of what an LCD Retina display is, first of all it is worth noting that the word “Retina” itself translated from English means “retina”. The technology received this name for a reason. The fact is that today the name Retina display is used in general descriptions of conventional liquid crystal matrices, which have an increased pixel density per square inch, and are used in Apple devices.

In other words, answering the question of what a Retina LCD screen is, we can say with complete confidence that these are ordinary LCD screens made using IPS technology, having a high pixel density of 220 ppi and higher. There is also an unofficial name for this technology – Super Fine TFT (SFT). Nowadays, similar matrices are used on all modern smartphones, tablets, MacBooks and other products from Apple.

It is worth noting that due to the high pixel density, the dots on the screen cannot be seen with the naked eye, which leads to the fact that the image is as close as possible to the pictures on the pages of glossy magazines in terms of quality and perception.

1.1. Retina matrix device

There is no point in talking for a long time about how Retina displays are designed, because as you already know, this is a regular IPS matrix. The only difference is the increased pixel density. Accordingly, the design of such matrices is absolutely identical to the IPS device. We can say that the Retina display is a kind of subtype of the IPS matrix.

Of particular note is the fact that a group of scientists working at Apple managed to separate pixels and subpixels, making it possible to significantly reduce the distance between them. This is the main feature of this technology.

1.2. Benefits of Retina screens

You already know the Retina screen and what it is, now we can discuss their advantages. Such displays have a number of undeniable advantages, among which the image quality deserves special attention. This technology for constructing matrices can significantly reduce the distance between pixels. Thanks to this, the image on the Retina display has such a look that the human eye is simply not able to distinguish the grid or any dots. The picture seems as realistic as possible.

Considering the fact that Retina is actually based on an IPS matrix, it is not surprising that today such displays have the best viewing angles. At the same time, the recall speed is not inferior to other modern matrices. In addition, the advantages include a high level of contrast, which is 900:1. It should be understood that only some types of the best displays, such as Super Amoled and the latest types of IPS matrices, one of which is Retina, were able to achieve such indicators.

Modern Retina matrices not only have high resolution, which exceeds Full HD (1920x1080). In addition, they are distinguished by excellent color rendition, which makes the picture as realistic as possible. The developers managed to come as close as possible to creating a screen that is most optimally perceived by the human visual organs. This means that the image displayed by such matrices is most easily and pleasantly perceived by the eyes.

Another important advantage of this screen technology is that it has an anti-glare effect. The fact is that the matrix uses a special filter that does not allow the display to fade or fade even in direct sunlight.

1.3. Disadvantages of a Retina display

There is nothing perfect in the world. Like any other technology, Retina matrices also have their disadvantages. The automatic brightness adjustment function, which is available on any modern device, does not always work flawlessly. In some cases you have to set the brightness level manually. However, this is a common problem with the screen, the device's operating system, and also the light sensors.

Another disadvantage is that such displays have a fairly high power consumption, which has surpassed even the Amoled matrix. However, to compensate for this shortcoming, the manufacturer equips Apple devices with larger and more powerful batteries.

2. Retina screens in tablets

What is a Retina screen on tablets? As a rule, before buying a tablet, buyers read its description. One of the important parameters that you should pay attention to is the screen. Very often, when people see the word “Retina,” they do not understand what we are talking about. You already know what a Retina LCD display means, so you shouldn’t have any difficulties when buying a Tablet PC. A Retina display on a tablet means that the device has a higher pixel density and high resolution display.

It is worth noting that scientists managed to further increase the display resolution on the tablet. Now it is higher than Full HD resolution, which is 1920x1080 pixels. For example, iPad4 has a screen size of 2048x1536 pixels. The pixel density is 264 ppi (264 pixels per square inch). Of course, this leads to increased electricity consumption. But at the same time, this resolution means even higher image quality.

3. Review of the iPad mini with Retina display: Video

Of course, today this is no longer the highest resolution, since the largest companies are constantly competing with each other, releasing more modern devices with higher parameters. So, Google responded to the iPad4 by releasing the Nexus, which has a resolution of 2560x1600. Of course, this is not a retina screen, although in terms of parameters it is not inferior to it.

4. Retina screens in monitors

This technology is used not only in the manufacture of screens for mobile devices. This display is also used in new laptop models. The first model was a device from Apple called MacBook Pro. It uses a 15-inch screen with a resolution of 2880x1800 pixels. Of course, the pixel density in such screens is 220 ppi.

Thanks to this, users have the opportunity to process images in Full HD format without reducing the image scale.

Retina matrices are a new word in modern technology that open up a new level of image quality. With the advent of this technology, mobile devices such as tablets, smartphones, laptops and so on have become one step closer to desktop computers with high-quality monitors.

In 2010, Apple changed our understanding of mobile displays - the iPhone 4 received a screen with Retina technology, unique at that time. Six years later, the Cupertino team introduced another completely new development for displays - . How do they differ from each other - and what should we, ordinary users, choose?

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What is a Retina display?

Retina is an Apple marketing term translated from English as “retina”. It means the following: the density of pixel dots on the screen is so high that the human eye is unable to distinguish individual pixels in the picture. Moreover, behind the name “Retina” specific characteristics are not hidden– for example, a certain number of pixels or the exact resolution of the display.

The first smartphone with a Retina display was the iPhone 4. It had a resolution of 960 × 640 pixels, which was more than enough for a 3.5-inch display - after all, there were 326 pixels per inch (PPI, pixel per inch).

By the way, in fact, Apple displays were not developed based on PPI, but on the basis of the pixel-per-degree (PPD, pixel per degree) parameter. It better measures the human eye's ability to discern details at a certain distance. When creating this indicator, screen resolution and viewing angle are taken into account. The iPhone 4 had a PPD score of 57.

When the first MacBook Pro with Retina display was released in 2012, it had a then-record resolution of 2,880 x 1,800 pixels on a 15.4-inch screen. The PPI indicator was even lower than that of the iPhone 4 (220 versus 326), but the PPD was higher - 79.

Visual comparison of the resolution of iPhone 3Gs (regular display) and iPhone 4s (retina display):

Today, almost all Apple devices have a Retina display. This tells the consumer absolutely nothing about exactly how many pixels per inch (or degree) he will receive - after all, the Apple Watch screen is very different from the iMac monitor. But that doesn’t matter, because "Retina" means you won't be able to see the pixels on the screen, i.e. You will enjoy a high-quality picture under any circumstances. How many people need more?

More details about the technology

What is True Tone Display?

Unlike terms like HD, 4K, Retina, etc., “True Tone” has nothing to do with the number of pixels on the screen. His area of ​​responsibility is colors and contrast. The main task is to ensure that ideal white always remains ideal white, in any external lighting. And the more “white” the display is, the more contrast it will have.

Have you noticed that the light has a slightly reddish tint in the morning and a yellowish tint in the middle of the day? No? It’s logical - after all, our brain specifically “filters out” shades.

Modern screens reflect light well, but our brains don't notice this and still try to filter out what's not there. As a result, our perception of colors on the screen suffers. True Tone compensates for this by adding warm tones to the display. The brain happily filters the picture - and we get “real” white, “like a sheet of A4 paper.”

We talked in more detail about True Tone technology.

Retina displays can be called one of the most significant innovations from Apple over the past few years. After the debut in the iPhone 4, the company began using high-resolution displays in its other devices, gradually moving them first to tablets, and then to laptops and iMac all-in-one PCs. Let's figure out what it is and what advantages such a screen has.

Retina is a generic marketing name used to refer to high-resolution displays in various devices. The bottom line is that the density of pixels that make up such a screen is so high that they become practically indistinguishable to the human eye. This creates the effect of printed text, and compared to classic monitors, it looks simply amazing. Below, you can see an example comparing the new iPad 3 with the previous model - iPad 2 (click to enlarge):

Retina displays are based on IPS technology, which means that in addition to unsurpassed clarity, the user also receives excellent, rich and accurate color reproduction, which allows not only to enjoy viewing photo and video content, but also to use such a screen as an ideal tool for professional work :

In this context, it is especially worth paying attention to the MacBook Pro 15 Retina and the new iMac 5K. They have not only advanced technical “stuffing”, but also the same beautiful screens, combined with a large diagonal.

Let's return to the pixel density mentioned at the beginning of the article. Probably, many readers will be interested in what its value is in a particular Apple device, therefore, we have compiled this information in the form of a table that indicates the name of the device, resolution and pixel density in ppi - this indicator indicates the number of pixels per inch of surface monitor.

For comparison, for a standard monitor this indicator will be as follows:

Now compare this with the characteristics that retina displays have:

Impressive, isn't it? At the same time, unlike PCs running Windows, some models of which also became available with 3k resolution, on Mac everything is perfectly optimized taking into account this technology, the system itself and the software work just fine.