What is an outline in magneto. Ignition from magneto

Magneto Electronic contactless magneto MB-1:
1 - the flywheel of the Ural chainsaw (two pairs of permanent magnets are visible)
2 - the flywheel of the Druzhba chainsaw (the blades of the centrifugal fan are visible)
3 - generator coil
4 - mark for setting the ignition timing
5 - capacitor
6 - high voltage coil
7 - control coil
8 - electronic circuit (filled with epoxy resin)
9 - if this wire is shorted to ground with the button, the engine will stop
10 - high-voltage wire
11 - candle tip
12 - spark plug

Magneto- a magnetoelectric machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is now sometimes used in ignition systems for internal combustion engines. In telephony, it is customary to call it an inductor.

Not every generator is called "magneto". This name applies only to generators in internal combustion engines:

excited by a permanent magnet and
combined in one product with an ignition coil.

The magnetic system of the magneto can be common for the emf generator. and ignition coils.

It is not uncommon for the spark plug to be the sole load of the magneto.

Design and operation

Magneto is a specialized alternator with excitation from a rotating permanent magnet (magnetic rotor or armature).

Automotive magneto has low and high voltage windings. In parallel with the low voltage (LV) winding, the contacts of the breaker and the capacitor (~ 0.1 μF) are switched on; the high voltage (HV) winding leads are connected one to the body, the second to the candle. All windings are wound on a yoke (core) and look like one large coil on a U-shaped core, between the poles of the core there is a longitudinally magnetized rotating magnet (telephone and mine-blasting (MMP) inductors are arranged differently, but the principle of operation is the same). As part of the high voltage winding, a low voltage winding can act, that is, an autotransformer design is possible, this allows to reduce the number of turns of the HV winding.

In internal combustion engines

Magneto provides a pulse of electric current to spark plugs in some gasoline internal combustion engines that do not use batteries. These engines are usually four-stroke or two-stroke engines, which are used in mopeds, lawn mowers and chainsaws. The Maybach carburetor engines that propelled the Panzerwaffe tanks of the Second World War had a magneto ignition system.

In piston aircraft engines, each cylinder usually has two spark plugs connected to a separate magneto. This design creates redundancy in the event of failure of one of the magneto, and two sparks provide a more complete and efficient combustion of the fuel mixture.

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

See what "Magneto" is in other dictionaries:

MAGNETO, a machine that converts mechanical energy into high voltage alternating electric current. Magneto is used where the use of batteries is impractical, for example, in the ignition system of engines of small motorcycles running ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

magneto- unsl., cf. magnéto m. specialist. High voltage electric current generator, used to produce a spark that ignites the working mixture in the cylinders of internal combustion engines. BASS 1. Spirin opened the engine hood and checked if it bounced ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

A magnetoelectric alternator that creates electrical discharges between the spark plug electrodes to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders of internal combustion engines ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Magneton, a; R. pl. ov (unit of magnetic moment in atomic and nuclear physics) ... Russian verbal stress

MAGNETO, neskl., Wed (those.). An electromagnetic device in internal combustion engines used to generate a spark that ignites a combustible mixture. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

MAGNETO, neskl., Wed (specialist.). A device for generating electrical discharges in order to ignite a combustible mixture in the cylinders of internal combustion engines. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (Magneto) a small machine used both to generate electric current and usually to convert it into high voltage current, which is fed to the spark plug of an internal combustion engine to form a spark that explodes the combustible mixture. M ... Marine dictionary

Noun., Number of synonyms: 2 generator (63) magdino (1) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Magneto is a magnetoelectric alternator that creates electrical discharges between spark plug electrodes to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders of internal combustion engines.

Magneto is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

A magnetic field is the space around a magnet in which magnetic lines of force (or magnetic flux) pass. These lines are located denser between the poles of the magnet.

An alternating current can be excited in a conductor by rapidly reversing the direction of the crossing magnetic flux, for example by rotating a magnet around a wire coil. This is the principle behind the operation of a magneto with a rotating magnet.

When the magnet rotates, the magnetic flux passing through the rod changes in magnitude and direction; as a result, an electric current arises in the winding, first in one direction and then in the other.

The capacitor serves to improve the operation of the magneto. In the presence of a capacitor, a strong spark is formed; without it, a weak spark.

The capacitor is connected in parallel with the contacts of the breaker in order to reduce the sparking that occurs when the primary current is interrupted at the contacts of the breaker.

How does magneto work?

When the magnet rotates, it excites current and the primary winding, short-circuited by the contacts of the breaker.

When the current in the primary circuit reaches its maximum, the breaker contacts open. Because of this, the primary current is instantly interrupted. The magnetic field that was created by the primary current also disappears. This sudden change in the magnetic field induces a high voltage current in the secondary circuit that can pierce the gap between the electrodes of the corresponding candle. Further rotation of the magneto rotor causes the formation of a new spark, etc.

How to check the technical condition of a magneto?

In the process of daily operation, the performance of the magneto can be checked as follows: connect the high-voltage wire to the high-voltage terminal and keep the other end of the wire at a distance of 5-7 mm from the magneto body, sharply turn the rotor in the direction of rotation. At the same time, a correctly assembled and adjusted magneto with a sharp turn of the rotor should give a spark that provides a breakdown of the above gap. If there is no spark or it is weak, check the integrity of the magneto and wire insulation.

CHARACTERISTIC FAULTS AND METHODS OF THEIR ELIMINATION

Malfunctions	Probable cause	Trouble-shooting
1. Interruption of sparking	Are oily or burnt contacts	Clean the contacts with chamois soaked in pure gasoline or file the contacts if they are burnt
	The gap between the contacts is out of alignment	Adjust clearance
	The cushion of the breaker lever is worn out	Replace the breaker lever with a new one Adjust clearance
	The outline is out of alignment	Adjust clearance
	Capacitor broken	Replace capacitor
Magneto doesn't spark	Opening of the primary or secondary circuit of the transformer	Replace transformer
	Short circuit to ground primary circuit	Eliminate the short circuit
	Breakdown of high-voltage wire insulation	Replace wire
3. Magneto gives a faint spark	Capacitor broken	Replace capacitor

Disassembly and side of magneto.
- remove the magneto from the engine;
- clean it from dust and oil and disassemble it in the following order:
- unscrew the nut of the ignition timing machine with the socket wrench, remove it and remove the key from the groove;

- unscrew the four screws securing the cover, remove the cover;
- remove the magneto rotor from the housing;
- unscrew the transformer mounting studs, remove the transformer from the housing.

Reassemble the magneto in the reverse order.

To replace the breaker contacts, proceed as follows:

Move aside the latch, remove the breaker cover;
- unscrew the screw securing the connecting conductor;
- unscrew the screw securing the breaker plate to the magneto cover, remove the breaker plate;
- unscrew the screw securing the breaker spring;
- remove the lock washer from the axle of the lever cushion, remove the lever with cushion assembly from the axle;
- unscrew the screw securing the contact post, remove the contact post from the axis.

Reassemble the breaker in the reverse order.

Luck with searching! But it is easier to change the magneto for a new one or send it to the service department (with a guarantee, this can be done free of charge).

Design and operation

Magneto is a specialized alternator with excitation from a rotating permanent magnet (magnetic rotor or armature).
Automotive magneto has low and high voltage windings. In parallel with the low voltage (LV) winding, the contacts of the breaker and the capacitor (~ 0.1 μF) are switched on; the high voltage (HV) winding leads are connected one to the body, the second to the candle. All windings are wound on a yoke (core) and look like one large coil on a U-shaped core, between the poles of the core there is a longitudinally magnetized rotating magnet (telephone and mine-blasting (MMP) inductors are arranged differently, but the principle of operation is the same). As part of the high voltage winding, a low voltage winding can act, that is, an autotransformer design is possible, this makes it possible to reduce the number of turns of the HV winding.

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User manual

1. The main parts of the chainsaw:
- holder (consists of a grab, a push and an attacker)
- rattler (consists of a navel, a lever, a button, a jerk, two screws, a gas tank and an oil tank)
- sawdust (such a long flat drin sticks out in front, consists of a canvas and a chain put on it - not gold !!
- a safety system for the operator of the chainsaw in the event of a sharp rebound of the saw blade with a working chain upwards and protection of injury to the operator of the chainsaw with a blade with a moving chain in the area of the head, back, another operator of the chainsaw (there is such a clever plastic grip above / in front of the saw)

2. Before humming
a) Pour two magic solutions into the saw.
The first solution is difficult to manufacture and consists of a flammable poisonous liquid "Gasoline AI-95" and a magical composition "Oil for two-stroke engines" mixed in a ratio of 40 to 1.

Measure with a pipette, beaker, test tube to the nearest drop. It is allowed to measure with corks, caps, glasses, glasses.
It is allowed to change the ratio from 30 to 1 to 50 to 1 + - 5 to 1

The resulting solution has an attractive color and odor.
The solution is needed for the rattler.
A distinctive feature of a properly prepared solution is that the rattler will work by a magic word. If the rattler does not work, you should replace the magic word with a more magic one.

Outside! In case of using the composition internally, eat with charcoal and smoke.
About 300 milliliters of the first solution is poured under the large neck of the chainsaw (near the holder).
The second solution is poured into a small neck (near the saw). It includes any oil, motor, transmission, nigrol, mineral water, synthetics and semi-, castor and, according to rumors, even working off.
Attention! Cold starts with thick oil should not be difficult.
The capacity of the tank is about 100 milliliters. The solution is necessary for the saw to work.

b) Check the correct condition of the saw.
The chain in the middle of the blade, if pulled, should retreat 4-5 mm. If more or less - the chain must be tightened.

This is done like this:
- there is a magic key in the suitcase (not gold)
- with one end of the wrench loosen by 1-2 turns two nuts close to the blade, from the side opposite to the plugs
- the second side of the key turns a small screw next to the blade, perpendicular to the plane of the nuts
- clockwise - for tightness, counterclockwise - for loosening
- check the chain tension
- then again tighten the two large nuts with the first side of the wrench
3. To hum

a) pour both magic compositions into containers specially designated for them. don't let the compounds mix!
b) close special containers with special plugs
c) cock the "security system ..." (press it strongly and sharply towards the saw, it will either press easily or click - it worked, then pull it towards you with great effort until a dull knock occurs - the trigger is cocked )
d) track the position of the button on the rattler (the button must be in the OFF state)
e) several (5-6) times to press on the rubber navel next to the large cork until the magic liquid number 1 appears in it (in the navel).
f) pull the jerk at full speed several (3-4) times in order to ensure the flow of both liquids into all the necessary tubes and cracks
g) disperse those around you at a distance of at least 5 meters, you can not drive away especially importunate ones, but let them hold on to the saw
h) turn on the button !!! (turn to ON position)
i) put the chainsaw on the ground
j) make sure that the saw does not touch the ground - this is not a shovel, but
k) step with the right foot on the attacker
m) pull sharply 2-3 times with the right hand for the jerk
m) the rattler will not turn on
o) say the magic word
n) kick the rattler
p) try to pull out the blue lever (suction) next to the push rod
c) suddenly help
m) although it never helps
y) but should
f) even, like, helped a couple of times
x) just in case, say the magic word
c) repeat the operations e-k-l-m-n
h) in case of failure, repeat the operations e-p-r-s-t
w) if, contrary to expectations, the rattler is working - say the magic word
y) an unheated rattler may not keep idling even on suction, so turn on the saw by pressing the push-button with the fingers of your right hand, first pressing the safety lock with the palm of your right hand. The choke lever will automatically retract.
ATTENTION!!! A working saw is a terrible weapon !!! Do not give it to children, pregnant women, old people, faint-hearted and harsh Siberian lumberjacks !!
b) if all of the above operations did not help, say the magic word
s) there is a trick that almost always works. Step on the stepper with your right foot, at the same time (with your right foot) squeeze the push button from below, for which you first press the safety lock.
b) then pull the jerk again
e) while continuously speaking magic words
y) the rattler rattles
i) say the last magic word - you can fight

4. How to fight.
- when you press the push-button, the saw starts to work
- if the saw does not work when you press the push-button, it means that the "security system ..
- in this case, switch off the rattler and reset the "security system ..
- do not keep the saw idling for a long time (without gnawing) - it is harmful for it
- select a victim and carefully approach it. try not to scare away.
- it is forbidden to poke the victim with the end of the saw-saw - the consequences can be sad - the canvas will fly up. if the hands are strong - in the face, if weak - in the back. you won't even have time to say a magic word ..
- the sawdust is inserted into the victim's pulp with the underside of the web, preferably closer to the middle of the web
- you can top, bottom, side
- in the case of a cut from bottom to top, it is allowed to work with the upper side of the blade, but at the same time be extremely careful, do not push upwards with all the dope - the consequences are described above
- if during the attack the victim resists and pinches the canvas in himself, try to prudently remove it from the trap, and attack slightly from the side to expand the edges of the lacerated wound
- if this failed and the blade fell into the trap, the saw blocked and it does not work - turn off the rattler and use improvised means (crowbars, axes, other operators) to expand the trap to remove the saw. do not pull the chainsaw out of the trap with all the dope - it hurts the victim
- at, stand to the left of it, so that the plane of the canvas passes by you, a little to the right. so, just in case.
- fully filled tanks are enough for 30-40 minutes of continuous operation of the rattler or for 2-3 large victims
- it is not recommended to apply the saw to others - they may be offended
- it is recommended to work in closed shoes, because from under the sawdust a sickly stream of sawdust is pounding right on the boot. then you get tired of getting splinters out of your socks

5. In order not to buzz
a) press the button to the OFF position
b) say the magic word

6. Return everything as it was
- try not to leave liquids in the tanks - they will leak out!
- put the chainsaw in the suitcase
- do not lose the magic key
- put it in the suitcase too
- remove the white-yellow bottle with the magic liquid in the same place
- say the magic word

What is Magneto? Magneto work

Magneto is a magnetoelectric alternator that creates electrical discharges between spark plug electrodes to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders of internal combustion engines. Magneto is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

The essence of induction is as follows: when a magnetic field is crossed by a closed conductor, an electric current arises in this conductor. When an electric current passes through a conductor, a magnetic field is generated around that conductor. A magnetic field is the space around a magnet in which magnetic lines of force (or magnetic flux) pass.
These lines are located denser between the poles of the magnet. An alternating current can be excited in a conductor by rapidly reversing the direction of the crossing magnetic flux, for example by rotating a magnet around a wire coil.

This is the principle behind the work of a magneto with a rotating magnet. When the magnet rotates, the magnetic flux passing through the rod changes in magnitude and direction; as a result, an electric current arises in the winding, first in one direction, and then in the other. The capacitor serves to improve the operation of the magneto. In the presence of a capacitor, a strong spark is formed; without it, a weak spark. The capacitor is connected in parallel with the breaker contacts in order to reduce the sparking that occurs when the primary current is interrupted at the breaker contacts.

How does magneto work?

When the magnet rotates, it excites current and the primary winding, short-circuited by the contacts of the breaker. When the current in the primary circuit reaches its maximum, the breaker contacts open. Because of this, the primary current is instantly interrupted. The magnetic field that was created by the primary current also disappears. This sudden change in the magnetic field induces a high voltage current in the secondary circuit that can pierce the gap between the electrodes of the corresponding candle. Further rotation of the magneto rotor causes the formation of a new spark, etc.

How to check the technical condition of a magneto?

The engine ignition system includes a flywheel magneto, high voltage wire, spark plug and ignition off button. The contact magneto (Fig. 4.6, a) consists of permanent magnets fixed in the rim of the flywheel, and a base on which the ignition coils, a breaker and a capacitor are mounted. The ignition coil consists of a core 5 and wound on it primary 4 and secondary 6 windings of the transformer. The breaker is connected in series with the primary winding of the ignition coil. The breaker contacts are opened by a cam on the crankshaft.

The base is installed in the left half of the crankcase on two studs with nuts. The spark plug consists of a body, side and center electrodes and an insulator. The ignition off button is connected in series with the primary winding of the ignition coil. The magnets mounted on the flywheel create a magnetic field that crosses the winding of the ignition coil. When the contacts are closed, a low voltage current is induced in the primary winding, when they are opened, the magnetic field disappears, which causes the induction of an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary winding. The inductive high voltage current flows to the spark plug and creates an electrical spark between the spark plug electrodes. The system is adjusted so that a spark appears at the moment when the piston does not reach the top dead center by 3 .. .4 mm, or at an angle of 28 ° "around the circumference of the crankshaft rotation, called the ignition timing.
The engine of the MP-5 "Ural-2 Electron" and "Taiga-214-Electron" chainsaws is equipped with non-contact electronic magneto (Fig. 4.6, b), which do not have a mechanical contact breaker. The basic principle of operation of a non-contact magneto is the same as that of a contact one. Current induction is carried out using a high-voltage transformer, which does not fundamentally differ from a contact magneto transformer.

The primary winding of the transformer is connected in series through a charging winding, a diode with a capacitor and through a control winding with a thyristor. A thyristor passes an electric current (opens) only when an electric potential of a certain magnitude is applied to its gate electrode. When the thyristor is opened (when it becomes a conductor), the capacitor is discharged to ground through the primary circuit, a significant current pulse passes through the primary winding, and a high voltage is induced in the secondary winding, creating an ignition spark on the spark plug. Thus, the control winding and the thyristor perform the functions of a contactless interrupter, which has no rubbing parts and mechanical wear.

To cool the engine, an impeller is fixed on the flywheel, closed by a cover in the form of a snail, and a deflector is installed on the cylinder. Air is blown by the fan through the hole, volute and deflector and cools the cylinder walls. The engine is also cooled by the working mixture entering the crankcase through the suction pipe.

Magneto ignition systems

In addition to the previously considered battery ignition systems, a magneto ignition system is used to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders of starting carburetor engines of tractors. It consists of magneto, spark plugs and high voltage wires. Magneto devices of different brands are approximately the same. Magneto differ in size, location and configuration of individual parts.

Rice. 181. Diagram of the device and operation of magneto

Magneto is an electromagnetic machine that generates low voltage current, converts it into high voltage current, and distributes it to spark plugs. Working without an external source of electrical energy, the magneto combines a low voltage alternator, a breaker, a capacitor and a high voltage current transformer with a distributor (there is no current distributor in a single cylinder magneto motor).

On tractor engines, magneto with fixed windings and a rotating magnet is most widely used. Magnetos are of right and left rotation, and according to the number of sparks per one revolution of the rotor, they are divided into two-spark, four-spark and six-spark.

Magneto with a rotating magnet has a stationary U-shaped magnetic circuit (Fig. 181), between the pole pieces of which a two-pole or multi-pole magnet 1 rotates. In the upper part of the magnetic circuit there is a magnetic core with primary and secondary windings, which form a high voltage current transformer. One of the ends of the primary winding is connected to the core, that is, to the mass, and the second to the stationary insulated terminal of the tappet 3. The secondary winding is connected at one end to the primary winding and through it to the mass, and the other to the spark plug clamp.

The magnet is located in the magneto housing and is driven by the engine crankshaft. On one shaft. General information with the magnet is the breaker cam 3. Parallel to the contacts of the inverter, a capacitor is connected to turn the crankshaft breaker, and the engine, during the start-up period, uses a starter that reduces sparking in the contacts, powered by the battery breaker and increases the voltage of the battery. The starter is a co-in the secondary winding. Fight DC motor The primary winding and the rotating series excitation with the mechamagnet form in the magneto generator with a low voltage drive and a low voltage alternating current device.

At the starter, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding. Electric motors of this type develop the maximum starting torque when the armature is braking. This quality is necessary in the initial period of rotation of the engine at start-up, when the torque of rotation resistance also has a maximum value. The armature windings and the excitation windings of the starter have minimal resistance, since they have a small length and a large cross section. When the starter is turned on or the armature is fully braked, the starting current for starters of various types reaches 300-800 A. As the crankshaft rotational speed increases, the torque, and with it the power developed by the starter, decreases. The starter power depends on the type and size of the engine and can be up to kW.

Power supply and distribution - this is how you can call magneto. Corresponding types of current are applied inside carburetor engines so that the combustible mixture is ignited. In fact, thanks to this mechanism, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Tractor magneto often comes with an internal combustion engine.

The device diagram will have the following description:

Opposite the shoes of the magnetic circuits, pole pieces from the rotor are located.
The transformer core contributes to the fact that the lines of force from the magnets begin to close.
When the magnet is in a 90-degree position during rotation, the gap between the tips and shoes becomes the main element.
Be sure to cross the lines of the magnet with the turns of the windings at the transformer. The electromotive force thereby acquires induction. Ignition is also used in processes.

Magneto distributes current

EMF acts on the device so that when using closed contacts, a magnetic flux appears at the transformer core. As a result of the opening of the circuit, the current disappears from its primary variety. Because of this, the magnetic field is sharply reduced.

EMF induction up to 25,000 Volts occurs when using a secondary winding. Self-induction for EMF up to 300 V will appear only if you open the contacts from the primary winding. The primary circuit emits a self-induction tone, which causes the magnetic current to fade out more slowly. Such situations are characterized by a decrease in the EMF for the secondary circuit.

Parts often begin to burn when sparks appear at the contacts. The connection of the capacitor to the structure is carried out in order to avoid such consequences. Then there is no spark between the contacts for the magneto, which is described above.

The rotor can be easily rotated 90 degrees. After that, the primary circuit is opened by a breaker. This moment is called the magneto outline.

Device diagram

The location of the transformer part inside the magneto on the tractor is characteristic. The part is pressed onto the shaft, contributes to the creation of high voltage current. Another important part of the design is the rotor, which constantly performs the function of a permanent magnet with rotation on two bearings. The cam is attached to the front of the rotor shaft. On the back there is a so-called leash. How each part works is easy to understand.

When a magneto device is mounted on a motor, it is assumed that the wire will enter the groove of the gear. The case is closed with a corresponding cover, which is used as a base for installing contacts from the breaker, terminals at the transformer windings. The breaker itself is also closed with an easily removable cover.

The primary winding must be connected to a moving contact, which has insulation from the body. The other end attaches to a contact that remains stationary. The secondary winding must also be connected to the secondary, one of the ends. A spark plug operates on a center electrode that connects to the other end. The side electrode of the candle is also connected to the body of the magneto and the launcher.

Magneto tuning

Each device has its own peculiarities of work. They must be taken into account when setting up the mechanism.

For motoblocks

When the walk-behind tractors must work smoothly, the use of tractor magneto will be the best solution. M-151 or M-137A are acceptable options for devices that can be installed in any conditions. Mounting is carried out on the engine using flange connections. It is enough to use three small hairpins.

The M-151 is a two-disc version with the following components:

Start accelerator.
A casing supplied with a distributor.
Breaker plate.
Transformer part.
Roof.
Part with a rotor.
Frame.

A sufficient speed is transmitted to the rotor thanks to the starting accelerator. For this, separate impulses are used. Starting and running the motor continuously produces a strong spark.

Such a device allows you to solve the problem associated with the fragility of the battery part, which the walk-behind tractors are supplied with. If you buy special adapters in advance, it will be easier to translate the idea into reality. The design is created independently or ordered by contacting specialized workshops. The adapter is created using autogen. A steel sheet with a diameter of up to 230 mm is used. The principle of operation does not change because of this.

In the case of MTZ tractors

M 124-B1 is a type of device that usually complements the tractor. Magneto rotates to the right, 27 degrees while the angle at which the ignition is advanced is equal. The half-coupling of the PD-10 launcher sets the mechanism in motion.

A two-pin magneto, together with any varieties, includes the following units:

Transformer.
Discontinuous.
Rotary.

The rotor part is involved in creating alternating current. After that, the energy is directed to the transformer so that the voltage rises to the maximum level. One of the last stages is the transfer of current to the breaker. Because of this, strength decreases. The magnetic current decreases. A spark discharge is created in the electrodes of the spark plugs, the hot mixture is supplied with appropriate ignition. It is easy to figure out how to adjust the device.

Diagnostics of technical condition

Diagnostics is carried out when performing the following procedure:

The first stage is bringing the high-voltage cable to the voltage terminal.
At a distance of about 0.5-0.7 centimeters from the device body, the second end of the cable is constantly held.
Maintaining the position of the wire. Then there is a sharp turn of the rotor in the direction of rotation. The spark should skip as a result of this movement, if everything is in order, the magneto is adjusted correctly. If the spark is absent or too weak, it is highly likely that the installation requires a fault check. If necessary, adjustments are made.

Frequent malfunctions, their repair

Here are just some of the problems that magneto owners may encounter most often:

Failure to spark. This situation has several reasons, ways to fix the problem. Possible problems include: contacts burn out, oxidize; clearance adjustment is violated; the lever pad at the breaker is worn out; the capacitor element is broken. If the element is out of order, then its complete replacement is carried out. When the problem is in the gaps, they are additionally adjusted. Contacts are also changed or completely cleaned. How to tune the magneto is described further.
The complete absence of a spark. This is often due to the fact that the transformer wiring has broken, a short to ground has occurred, or the insulating layer that is supplied to the high-voltage cable has broken through. If problems arise with the transformer, the unit must be replaced. You can eliminate the short circuit itself or change the cable when a breakdown occurs in the insulation.
A broken capacitor is the most likely reason for a spark that is too weak. In this case, the part must also be replaced.

Candle and armored wire

The armored conduit itself also requires additional verification. This concerns two elements:

Fastening in the seat.
Plinth for a candle.

Full stripping of the wire from each end by 2 millimeters is an excellent reason for checking and repairing. You can check using a different armor wire instead of the one that was originally installed.
If the candle is faulty, it is also changed, the part is not repaired.

Detail scheme

Capacitor

It is needed so that the contacts do not burn too much. Consists of two plates and insulation, the role of which is usually played by foil. Everything is rolled into one roll, placed inside the case. In some cases, if the case is damaged, the capacitors can be adjusted on emery. It is important that the structural parts do not overheat during operation. Setting up the magneto after that won't help.

About breaker contacts

If they become faulty, the first recommendation is to clean the surface with a special flat abrasive plate. Work can be done without any problems with a flat file, which has a fine notch. Cleaning with emery, glass paper will not give the desired result. The contacts wear out too quickly, in this case you cannot get a flat surface.

Contacts from time to time also require cleaning from plaque, adjusting the gaps between parts... The main thing is not to lose any part during disassembly. The contact spring is subject to failure or straightened in the opposite direction.

Coil or transformer

Easy to repair tractor magneto for such parts. The same part of the engine rarely fails, it can work without interruption for a long time. If the part has become unusable, then it must be replaced with exactly the same, but working model.

Rotor

The main thing is that it does not crumble, does not break during operation. The rotor is capable of demagnetizing from time to time. If the part really turned out to be damaged, then it is changed. The main thing is not to forget to remove the metal fragments, sometimes they remain inside the magneto case. Bearings require separate inspection and lubrication.

Conclusion

Every mechanism malfunctions from time to time. But nothing terrible will happen if you deal with the problem in time. The first steps are to remove the cover, check for damaged wires, insulation with defects. Contamination of the case, its oily are popular causes of malfunctions. It is enough to spend some time to sort out the problems.