Russia is actively moving from analog to digital TV. In principle, this is a completely natural process, since the improved signal transmission format allows you to broadcast the highest quality image. All users are concerned about how to connect digital television.
To begin with, this is an affordable standard, not a privileged feature. Note that today about 20 free TV channels are available to each user, depending on the region.
You need to set up digital TV broadcasting at least in order to watch your favorite channels with clear sound and high-quality images. However, you first have to purchase special equipment.
Digital channels are broadcast in packets, which are commonly called multiplexes. At this stage, Russian subscribers are offered 2 free multiplexes, each of which has 10 TV channels.
Benefits of digital television
Digital TV is a new signal transmission technology that delivers high quality images and clear sound. Connecting digital television opens up completely new opportunities for each user, for example, you can watch broadcasts in HD quality. Naturally, analog TV cannot boast of this.
The concept of the technology under consideration is as simple and understandable as possible. Picture and sound are transmitted on radio waves as separate streams. In general, this process resembles the connection between a computer and the Internet. Therefore, digital TV can be compared to watching YouTube from a computer.
In addition, it is due to this algorithm that providers will be able to send much more television and radio programs. The large number of channels is far from the only advantage. The functionality, in principle, has significantly expanded, interactive TV has appeared. You can pause your favorite show or record it onto your hard drive.
The main advantages of the new TV signal transmission technology:
- high image quality;
- clear and rich sound;
- broadcasting of medical content in HD format;
- available different language versions of one program;
- blocking of preselected TV channels.
It is worth connecting a digital TV antenna at least because all modern TV models are designed to reproduce content in HD format. Ordinary analog broadcasting is simply not capable of transmitting such data. There are at least enough free multiplexes out there. Therefore, you don't have to pay to watch your favorite channels.
What you need to connect digital TV
To connect a digital to your TV and take full advantage of the main advantages of this format, you first need to spend a certain amount of money on the purchase of appropriate equipment.
The situation becomes much easier if you use a TV with a built-in T2 adapter. As a rule, only modern models are equipped with it. In other cases, you have to additionally buy a receiver, and sometimes change the antenna. For all elements to work correctly, they need to be connected with a cable.
How is digital TV connected via TV? Where to begin? If you live in a multi-storey building and are connected to a collective TV antenna, then first you need to find out if it is adapted to receive a digital signal.
Ask your neighbors - it is likely that they already enjoy all the main advantages of the "digital". In this case, the collective antenna is suitable, and you do not have to change it. All that remains is to purchase a set-top box and set up a home television network.
What do you need to connect a "digital"? Let's list the required equipment in detail.
Antenna
If you live near a television tower, then you can receive a signal using the most ordinary indoor decimeter antenna. Otherwise, you will have to change the wave receiver, give preference to a simple directional model. In addition, it is very important to correctly position the antenna on the tower for high-quality DVB-T2 reception.
Amplifier
In the process of choosing an antenna, questions will arise regarding the advisability of signal amplification. If you have previously used amplifiers, then this practice should not be abandoned, even if the "digital" is connected. A good amplifier will provide good signal reception even in locations that are extremely far from TV towers.
Broadband antennas amplify not only the power of the T2 band, but also all radio waves with similar frequencies - sometimes this prevents decoding of the desired signal. Therefore, if the reception is good, then the amplifier should not be used. Sometimes its connection is harmful, not beneficial.
When connecting digital channels, many people buy amplifiers with a 12 V power supply.However, in accordance with the T2 standards, the latest models of receivers output a voltage of 5 V. Therefore, in active antennas that are designed for the DVB-T2 format, the amplifiers operate from a voltage of 5 V with direct connecting to a set-top box. This is a budget and practical solution. First of all, the additional power supply is eliminated.
Tuner
The set of equipment for digital TV must include a receiver. This device acts as a decoder. The tuners are characterized by maximum practicality and ease of use. The front panel contains the basic buttons, but the main instrument for controlling the device is the remote control.
The decoder functions correctly with the TV. In order to properly configure the broadcast of channels and connect the device, it is necessary that the decoder is equipped with an HDMI interface and supports the HD format. Otherwise, even HD channels will be no different from standard analog quality.
Cables
The connection of equipment for watching digital TV is carried out using a cable, therefore it is also an integral element of the entire structure. Receivers are connected to old TVs via RCA-tulip or Scart input, and to modern TVs via HDMI interface. Therefore, in any case, you will need a cord with the appropriate connectors.
To get a high-quality image with high resolution, you need to connect the TV to the set-top box via HDMI. RCA and Scart connectors do not support HD format, therefore the picture will be the same as with analog TV. In some situations, an HDMI cable is included in the basic package of the tuner, but still more often you have to buy it separately.
The antenna is connected to the receiver using a coaxial cable, again, you can find it in absolutely any store. We connect the coaxial cable through one of the available connectors: RFIN, RF-In, RF imput. Fasten the plug well at the end of the wire, the quality of the broadcast image depends on this.
Connecting digital terrestrial television
If you are using an old TV, you will need a special receiver to connect the digital. New models are equipped with T2 adapters, we have already talked about this earlier, therefore, you do not need to buy additional equipment for them. Be sure to check if the built-in module works according to the MPEG-4 standard, which is valid in Russia.
To learn how to connect digital terrestrial television, you first need to select a signal reception method.
- Connection of "digital" through the most common common antenna, which is installed on the roof of your house or in the entrance.
- You can also watch CETV by connecting cable TV. This service is provided by many providers.
Let's consider the first option first, as it is more practical and less expensive. If you do not have a common antenna, proceed to the next step for choosing and buying an antenna.
Digital terrestrial television allows you to configure about 20 free channels - 2 multiplexes. Of course, the cable TV provider will offer a lot more, but you will have to pay for it.
It is likely that a third multiplex will appear soon, which will also be free, but for now this issue is hanging in the air. First, the Russian infrastructure is not designed for an overly large broadcasting range. Secondly, there are certain problems associated with the lack of frequencies. Experts believe that 2018 will be a turning point in the issue of phasing out analog television. Accordingly, the number of free channels will be finally fixed.
Now let's look at the intricacies of the transition from analog to digital television. The process can be conditionally divided into 5 stages, we will consider each of them.
Antenna selection and installation
If you plan to set up your digital TV connection yourself, then you need to start with the choice of the antenna. First, remember that there is no single universal solution, so the model should be bought based on the individual characteristics of the house / apartment. Secondly, you can always install an antenna capable of receiving a signal even in remote regions.
The most attractive option is an ordinary indoor antenna, but as practice shows, its power is not enough. Mostly there is interference that will appear every time trucks pass near the house.
Even if a powerful integrated amplifier is used, it will be extremely difficult to achieve good reception because the obstacles dampen the waves. Indoor antennas can only be used if you are in an ideal location near the tower and the window is directed towards the repeater.
External signal reception is a more efficient solution, especially when compared to a room antenna. The wavelength range passes through the walls of the house, but the signal quality suffers significantly because of this. An external antenna will provide a strong signal.
Which antenna is better to choose: active or passive? To answer this question, it is necessary to take into account how far it is located from the DVB-T2 tuner. Practice shows that a passive model is often enough. It is not equipped with an auxiliary amplifier, although the cable length is rather short. Active antennas have a built-in signal amplifier.
Determining the location of the television tower
To find the nearest tower, you need to study the digital TV map in Russia. Add the name of your settlement through the search menu, and then estimate the distance and direction to the nearest signal transmitter. Naturally, you also need to take into account the broadcast parameters.
Setting up the equipment according to the quality of signal reception
Coverage area - maintaining high quality signal transmission regardless of third-party factors:
- weather;
- solar Activity;
- season;
- temperature;
- air humidity level;
- Times of Day.
If the transmitter is in line of sight, then reliable signal reception is guaranteed. The main thing is to correctly direct the antenna.
As for the remote area from the TV tower, there are often problems with signal transmission. Outside the confident zone, radio waves fall into shading by the surface of the earth, so it becomes difficult to set up TV broadcast.
According to official figures, the problem is being solved by the correct placement of the transmitters, in other words, new towers are being built. In any case, in an area remote from the transmitter, the signal quality will depend on the weather conditions. Therefore, it is so important to fix the antenna in the desired direction and fix it securely.
To receive signals at a long distance with minimal loss of quality, use large antennas, which differ from their counterparts in a complicated design. Subscribers located in a remote area should select the optimal design of the equipment, guided by the maximum gain. At the same time, the dimensions of the structure should remain minimal. Usually the problem is solved by using directional models.
Tuning antenna and television equipment
To complete the digital connection, first you need to connect the equipment with a special cable. Then you can connect the TV and the receiver to the mains. Position the antenna towards the nearest transmitter.
The decoder setup process is simplified as much as possible, so there will definitely not be any connection or control problems. On average, all the work takes about half an hour, for a correct connection, follow the recommendations specified in the instructions.
After the first launch, the “Autoinstall” assistant menu will open, here the most important parameters that determine the operation of the receiver are installed. The labeled buttons on the remote control guide you through the hardware setup step-by-step.
When the antenna is pointed and connected and the receiver is set up, make sure that all cables have been connected correctly. Then turn on the TV.
Channel search (automatic or manual)
Most users prefer to tune channels automatically. To do this, open the menu and go to the "Autosearch" section. Do not turn on the equipment until scanning is complete. If no channels are found, then the receiver is not receiving a signal from the antenna.
Try to move the antenna and then start the auto scan process again. Check the signal quality by changing the position of the antenna. Do this until you tune the TV channels of the desired multiplex.
As for alternatives, you should return to the main menu, and then go to the "manual search" section. This function may have a slightly different name on some equipment models. A list will be displayed on the TV screen, in which you need to manually enter data on television broadcasting, frequency, then confirm the search. Correctly done manual tuning - there are 20 free channels in excellent quality.
Digital cable TV connection
To connect cable TV digitally, you should use a universal receiver. In some situations, users purchase a digital cable box. Such devices are equipped with an additional PCMCIA slot for connecting a CAM module, which contains a pay-TV access card. Naturally, you will first have to choose one of the tariff plans offered by the provider.
Many modern smart TVs are already equipped with a built-in PCMCIA slot, so there is no need to purchase additional equipment.
For correct reading of the CAM card, it is desirable to use a high-quality card reader, however, devices of this type are used much less often, since users often prefer hybrid digital receivers.
To connect your digital TV to your TV, just follow the instructions from your provider. As for setting up channels, you can use the recommendations given earlier. Mostly receivers work on a similar principle, problems should not arise. The only difference is that when connecting digital cable TV, it is not the HF wire that is used, but the provider's cable.
Connecting two or more TVs to one set-top box
The ideal option is to connect one TV to one set-top box. Therefore, the best solution would be to purchase separate receivers for TV devices. Naturally, this will not be the most budgetary way to solve the problem. The user connects the cable to a splitter, and then from each input it goes to individual receivers. The connection diagram is as simple and clear as possible.
If you wish, you can connect a second TV to one set-top box, for this you just need to use all the available interfaces. For example, via HDMI we connect the first device, and with the help of "tulips" the second.
Connecting a digital TV like this is not the best option, as both TVs will receive the same signal. In other words, the picture is synchronized, you cannot watch different TV channels at the same time.
An additional solution to the problem is the purchase of an RF modulator, which will feed individual decoded signals to TVs. However, the cost of such a device is much higher than the price of a conventional receiver.
Note.
In this article, we will tell you how to properly connect digital television to your TV. Here we will only talk about connecting terrestrial and cable TV (setting up satellite broadcasting is beyond the scope of this material).
Attention! All the cable connections described below should be made with the devices powered off in order to avoid their breakage.
How to connect digital terrestrial television to a TV
Many modern Smart TVs have a built-in receiver for decoding a digital signal. For example, a line in the characteristics of a DVB-T / C / S TV indicates that this TV model supports the reception of terrestrial, cable and satellite digital television without an additional set-top box. At the same time, some standards are already outdated, so a TV with a built-in DVB-T module will not be able to receive digital channels of the current DVB-T2 standard.
What you need to connect digital television
- Antenna of the decimeter wavelength range (UHF) or a universal all-wave antenna designed for different ranges.
- Digital tuner (receiver) DVB-T2 or TV with a built-in module of the same standard.
- Connecting cables.
Separately, it should be said about the broadband Polish antenna, the so-called "grid" or "Pole". If you want to use it to receive digital television, you will need a little modification, namely, replacing the standard amplifier with a balun. This will cut off the unnecessary range and tune it exclusively to decimeter waves. Or buy a "Polish" with an already installed symmetrizer.
Since not all TVs have a built-in tuner, we will consider a connection diagram using a digital set-top box... This instruction will be more universal and will work in most cases.
1. Connect the RF antenna cable to the antenna input of the digital set-top box marked with the letters IN or IN.
2. To connect a digital set-top box to your TV, we recommend using HDMI. This interface is specially designed for digital signal and provides the highest image quality.
To connect a digital TV box to the old TV you can use the AV connectors for an RCA (cinch) cable or a coaxial connector. For older TVs, there are no other options.
3. How to tune digital TV channels on your TV
Connecting a TV with a built-in digital tuner follows a simplified diagram:
- Connect the RF antenna cable directly to the antenna input of the TV.
- Activate the digital tuner in the TV menu.
- Perform automatic tuning of digital channels.
How to connect digital cable TV
To connect this type of TV, you need a digital cable or universal (hybrid) receiver. Unlike a regular terrestrial one, it is equipped with a special PCMCIA slot for a CAM module with an access card, which allows you to unlock a paid package of channels purchased from a cable TV operator.
Many modern Smart TVs with a built-in digital receiver already have a PCMCIA slot, so no additional equipment is required in this case.
You can also use a special card reader to read CAM modules, but due to the large selection of hybrid digital receivers, these devices are used less and less.
Otherwise, to connect a digital TV set-top box to a TV and set up digital TV channels, follow the instructions described above, since almost all receiver connectors are identical. Unless in this case, instead of an RF antenna cable, the provider's cable is connected to the input of a digital set-top box or TV.
How to connect two or more TVs to a digital set-top box
Ideally, one digital receiver means connecting one TV to it, so the optimal, although not the cheapest option, would be to purchase a separate receiver for each TV. In this case, the RF antenna cable is connected to a splitter (splitter) with two or more outputs, and then the signal goes separately to each receiver. The diagram of such a connection is shown in the figure:
You can also simply connect two TVs to one digital set-top box (receiver) using free connectors. For example, HDMI is for one, and tulips are for the other. It should be remembered that in this case, the same decoded signal will be received on both TVs. Therefore, the image on the screens will be synchronous. In addition, you will need long cables to space the TVs to different rooms.
Another way is to use an RF modulator, which, through a divider, will supply a separate decoded signal to each TV. But often the cost of such a device is several times higher than the price of a conventional digital terrestrial tuner.
Frequent connection problems
| Description of the problem | Possible causes and solutions |
|---|---|
| The TV does not see the set top box. |
|
| Half of the channels are missing, image noise is present. | The setting is probably out of order. Try to start auto search again or perform manual tuning. |
| There are no 2-3 channels from the list. | Probably, preventive work is underway. You may also need to update your TV or set-top box software. |
| All channels are missing, reconfiguration does not help. |
|
In the field of cable TV, capital rules, and therefore the path of development and the variant of implementation of the figure depends on the view of the problem of the management of each individual company.
A typical way is to start broadcasting in the DVB-C format (a version of the DVB standard for cable networks, which is characterized by a lower compression ratio and less noise immunity compared to the “over-the-air” standard, which is quite acceptable in a cable).
The standard implies the use of a coding system for channels, which makes it possible to build different services: allocate channel packages, open and close them for users without leaving the office. To decrypt the coded channels from the subscriber's side, so-called access cards are used.
To receive cable TV, you need a decoder that supports the DVB-C standard
Each coding system has its own, but the standard provides a universal connector for connecting to a TV or set-top box of a CAM module for a specific coding, into which an access card is already installed.
Like DVB-T2, the "cable" version of the standard supports high definition (HD) content. But whether or not to enable HD channels in its network, each operator decides independently. It should be noted that almost all cable networks in Russia, where digital television has been launched, offer HD channels. Some even experimented with 3D channels.
Equipment for receiving DVB-T2 and DVB-C
Obviously, to view a digital signal, you need equipment that supports the corresponding standard.
TVs and set-top boxes with DVB-C support appeared on sale back in 2007, so if you have changed your TV in the last few years, you most likely have support for the "cable" version of the standard (in this case, there will be a slot for connecting CAM module, if provided by the operator).
Many cellular network operators also offer cable broadcasting of digital TV channels through the CAM module. Ideally, to connect to cable digital television, the owner of such a TV just needs to purchase a CAM module from the operator and install an access card there. But, since each operator himself determines the policy of the service, CAM-modules are sometimes not offered, and then subscribers need to purchase an intermediary device - a set-top box with support for the conditional access system (CAS) used by the operator.
Most often, such devices are "sharpened" only for one COURT, which means that it will be possible to use it in another network only if the same COURT happens there by a coincidence.
Although in our country, digital channels are still broadcast in standard definition, some manufacturers offer set-top boxes that allow you to play Full HD - video content If the cable operator offers HD channels (Full HD - picture resolution 1920 * 1080), then to view them, the equipment (TV, if a Cam module is used, or TV + set-top box) must also support Full HD. In general, DVB-C (DVB-T / T2) support does not mean Full HD support (both for TVs and set-top boxes). The situation is similar with 3D channels.
The cable TV decoder can also play MP4 videos The fact that the TV set supports the “cable” version of the standard, unfortunately, does not mean that it also decodes the “on-air” version of the digit (the one used in Russia). Deliveries of equipment with support for DVB-T2 to our country began only in 2012. So it is safe to say that if your TV was purchased earlier, it will not "understand" the terrestrial standard. Cable set-top boxes also rarely support DVB-T2.
If your equipment does not allow "by default" to receive the terrestrial digital, it is not necessary to change it. You can limit yourself to buying a set-top box for DVB-T2, the cost of which starts from a thousand rubles. By the way, support for Full HD in the DVB-T2 set-top box is not yet in demand (since, as noted above, HD channels will not appear on the air in the near future).
Satellite Digit
Satellite is another “source” of digital television. Satellite platforms officially operating in Russia use the DVB-S and DVB-S2 standards (as with the terrestrial DVB-T and DVB-T2 standards, DVB-S2 is the next, more advanced generation of DVB-S).
To receive satellite digital television, you need a properly installed antenna (the diameter of which depends on the geographic location of the subscriber and the selected satellite), a receiver with a valid access card and a TV.
Satellite set "dish + decoder" will provide an apartment or a summer house with digital TV in HD quality Support for the DVB-S / S2 standard can be integrated into the TV, then the operator purchases not a receiver, but a CAM module (and, of course, an access card for the module). True, not all platforms operating on the Russian market offer CAM modules, and the modules on the market also do not always work correctly in TVs - so it is better to consult with specialists before connecting satellite television.
Note that to view Full HD channels from satellite, you need a TV and a receiver with HD support (the same situation is with 3D channels).
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