CHAPTER 1. COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL SPACE OF SOCIETY
§ 1. Conceptualization of the concept of communication in social philosophy
§ 2. Institutionalization of the communication space
CHAPTER 2. COMMUNICATION SPACE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL CONTROL
§ 1. Specificity of social control in the communication space in the ratio "globalism - regionalism"
§ 2. Communication space of the region on the example of the Republic of Mordovia)
Recommended list of dissertations in the specialty "Social Philosophy", 09.00.11 code VAK
Problems of humanitarization of the social control system 2008, candidate of philosophical sciences Pisachkin, Dmitry Vladimirovich
Communication conflicts in a risk society: a socio-philosophical analysis 2012, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences Natalia Andreevna Steklova
Political communication as a way of forming social ties 2009, candidate of political sciences Paulov, Sergey Vladimirovich
2007, candidate of sociological sciences Kislov, Alexander Ivanovich
2010, candidate of political sciences Skorobogatov, Viktor Viktorovich
Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) on the topic "Communication space as a social reality"
Relevance of the topic. The world of communications has taken one of the main places among the objects of social philosophy. Today, communication in its various forms and types is itself a characteristic of social development, embodying its moral, scientific and worldview, socio-economic, technological and other important features. Increasingly, the formation of human society is associated with the development and domination of certain types of social communications, inseparable from the problem of human relations, which form a person as a subject that develops society in its activities. The foundation of this approach was laid by N. Luhmann, who believes that society is essentially social communication, i.e. any social systems are formed exclusively through communication and “only society can communicate” 1.
The modern era is characterized by extremely dynamic processes of development of social life. The past XX century was the century of scientific and technological revolution, the century of unprecedented strengthening of the social role of knowledge, communication and informatization. The communication and information needs of society are dynamically growing and developing, which leads to the phenomenon designated by the category of "communication explosion". The information society has ceased to be a distant prospect for a modern person. It has acquired expressive properties and qualities characteristic of many countries of the post-industrial world and has become a “visiting card” of modern civilization, in the production structure of which communication occupies a dominant place. Modern civilization is post-industrial. With her, society is all the more a communication model of social organization, since it stimulates exclusively communication activity. And information serves as the most important condition for intensifying
1 Luhmann N. Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschafit. - Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1997. - S. 105. social production and a radical increase in its efficiency in the communication space. Further rationalization of human activity is becoming an increasingly important factor in sustainable development and security of public life.
Russia is entering the information society with a noticeable lag behind the advanced countries of the world, therefore the process of informatization of our country is proceeding according to the “catch-up modernization” scheme. For Russia, the transition to an information society takes on a special meaning, since the process of informatization in it coincides with the era of transformation of social relations. V. V. Ilyin defines the essence of the current situation in Russia by the fact that the country is now going through a phase of timelessness, or "social and civilized uncertainty" 2. The adaptation of the emerging model of social structure coincides with the adaptation of communication innovations.
The dissertation is based on the global idea of a communication order in a humanistically oriented society, where the dialogue of conciliatory discussions becomes a necessary condition for the development of society. A huge role in achieving maximum human awareness and in the communication support of society belongs to the mass media (QMS). The QMS unites a number of social institutions (press, book publishing houses, press agencies, radio, television, etc.) that function in the communication space and ensure the collection, processing and dissemination of information on a mass scale. Mass communication is intended for a numerically large and usually dispersed audience. It is distinguished by the speed and regularity of distribution, almost simultaneous consumption. The dissemination of mass media is an integral part of the spiritual communication of people. Global and regional society
2 Ilyin V.V. Russia: Results and Prospects of Domestic Reforms // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Philosophy Series, 1996. - № 1. - P. 7. becomes dependent on communication and means of communication. Regionalization of the social world is not a process that contradicts or is alternative to globalization, but a natural, organic component of a single or common phenomenon for human progress. This phenomenon has specific features characteristic of various types of territorial societies.
For Russia and its regions (including Mordovia), whose sociocultural systems are focused on communication as a basic resource, there is a risk of being exposed to numerous dangers associated, for example, with the use of communication in the interests of certain power groups, or deliberate distortion of information. N. Ye. Kolosov asserts that society "is rapidly rebuilding along new lines of tension, and we can least of all be sure of preserving the world in which we habitually and comfortably live." Such problems allow us to rethink the prospects for human development in a new way in the conditions of the dominance of real and virtual communications, and also force us to soberly assess the possibilities of a dynamic communication space, fight against its shortcomings and create the necessary conditions for the realization of its positive features. The study of the phenomenon of communication as a social reality provides the researcher with the opportunity to take a new approach to understanding the specifics and essence of society. The accentuation of efforts to organize an effective communication space is being transformed today into a major problem that stands out for its influence on society as a whole, which requires its consideration on the scale of society using the methods of social philosophy.
All this allows us to assert that the topic of this study has an increasing relevance and significance for modern social
3 Kolosov N. Ye. Stop killing cats! Criticism of the social sciences. - M .: New literary review, 2005. - S. 7. Philosophy.
The degree of scientific elaboration of the topic. In social philosophy, the problem of social communications was actively developed at the beginning of the XX century and is associated with the emergence of the term "communication". The Russian philosopher KS Pigrov emphasizes: “Social philosophy highlights and captures the fact that philosophy, like all forms of being of the spirit in general, is the result of communication. Meanings are born only in communication.<.>The pathos of social philosophy is that although the universal is "concentrated" in a person's self-consciousness, in his subjectivity, the comprehension of the ultimate foundations of being and thinking is not given to an individual person, but is given<.>to the whole society.<.>Comprehension arises in communication "4. The foregoing opens the way to considering communication as a category of social philosophy.
The interpretation and development of this term was carried out from various positions: within the framework of behaviorism (D. Watson), symbolic interactionism (J.G. Mead), personalism and existentialism (N.A. Berdyaev, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus). Highlighting the important constructive role of communication in the formation and development of human activity and in the functioning of social systems is associated with the work of T. Parsons, R. Merton, A. Mol, P. Bourdieu, N. Luhmann, J. Habermas, I. Wallerstein. G. Lasswell, D. McQueil and others. In Russia, communication processes are studied in the works of M. M. Bakhtin, G. P. Bakulev, V. S. Bibler, M. P. Bocharov, S. V. Borisnev, M. A . Vasilika, V. T. Ganzhina, P. N. Kiricheka, V. P. Konetskoy, M. M. Nazarova, T. V. Naumenko, M. K. Petrova, V. D. Popova, V. E. Reva , A. V. Sokolova, E. S. Fedorova, V. G. Fedotova, O. G. Filatova, I. D. Fomicheva, A. N. Chumikov, F. I. Sharkov and many others.
The problematics of this dissertation research forces us to turn to various layers of disciplinary and social
4 Pigrov KS Social philosophy. - SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg. un-ta, 2005. - S. of philosophical literature dedicated to such categories associated with the key category of the communication space as communication, information, mass media, dangers and risks, social institution, etc.
In modern socio-philosophical literature, two main stages of the conceptualization of communication can be distinguished. At the first stage, before the beginning of the XX century. philosophical interest in the concept of communication was limited to the study of a number of areas related to the problem of the origin of social norms and the problem of monologue and dialogue. The main characteristic feature of this period is the consideration of communication exclusively as a means of transmitting information, as a structural formation that can be decomposed into separate communicative actions, which are subsequently analyzed, and therefore this phenomenon was considered initially understandable, simple and not worthy of special attention. In the 1920s and 1930s, the situation changed.
The second stage, conventionally designated the beginning of the 20th century, is characterized by a philosophical interest in communication in connection with the change in the place and role of communications and communication technologies in various spheres of public life. The specificity of this stage is the view of communication as an integral phenomenon that is significant in the context of a social task that motivates, structures and directs communication. At the same time, communication is gradually interpreted as an independent reality, not a mediator of social action, but this action itself. In other words, communication begins to be understood as a social reality itself, since sociality is interaction, and any interaction can be viewed in terms of communication. Thus, communication begins to be considered among the central and topical philosophical topics and receives a new vector of comprehension in the context of its correlation with the social institution of modern society. The basis for this measurement was the research of recognized specialists who designated the subject area of modern social philosophy as a philosophical activity that studies social reality - V.S.Barulin, M.S.Kagan, V.J. Kelle, V.E. Kemerova, K. Kh. Momdzhyan, K. S. Pigrov, N. S. Rozov, V. G. Fedotova and others. Discussing the disciplinary field of social philosophy, V. G. Fedotova emphasizes that the essence of social reality “is revealed today from understanding new situations, searching for them explanations with the use of new theoretical means, as well as through the reinterpretation of classical social theories - O. Comte, E. Durkheim, M. Weber, etc. "5. In this work, such attempts are made, in addition to the above authors, also in relation to T. Parsons and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, whose works are devoted to the analysis of social institutions and their functions.
Conceptual development of the idea of an information society, carried out on the basis of various methodological principles and approaches: technological (E. Toffler, D. Naisbeath, R. Robertson), economic (D. Bell, F. McCool, M. Porat), spatial (P. Bourdieu D. Harvey, M. Castells) conflictological (G. Schiller, A. Goldner, E. Gidzens, H. Ortega y Gasset, T. Eliot), stratification (C. Leadbeater, R. Reich, P. Drucker), culturological (G.M. Mayupoen, J. Baudrillard, A. Bul, D. V. Ivanov, S. G. Kara-Murza, T. M. Dridze, V. Svechnikov, V. Terina M. Paetau), regionalization (A I. Sukharev, V. JI. Kagansky, V. V. Markin, V. N. Leksin, A. N. Shevtsov), led to the emergence of research dealing with the design of innovative information technologies. A great contribution to the study of information processes was made by Russian researchers: V. G. Afanasyev, A. P. Ershov, N. N. Moiseev, A. V. Nazarchuk, A. I. Rakitov, A. D. Ursul, Yu. A. Schreider and others. Sociological aspects of information were developed in the works of O. N. Vershinina, A. I. Kapterev, N. V. Lopatina, I. S. Melyukhin,
5 Fedotova V.G. What is social philosophy? // New ideas in social philosophy. - S. 9.
Yu. A. Nisnevich, V. V. Pechenkina, V. A. Pisachkina, G. P. Smolyan, I. V. Sokolova, D. S. Chereshkina and others.
With the establishment in the modern world of democratic and pluralistic views, which form the basis of an "open society", the idea of a communication space becomes a social reality. In the socio-philosophical dimension, communication space is understood as a system of diverse communication links that arise between various actors in society, influenced by cultural, economic, political, technological and other factors.
The socio-philosophical discourse of the communication space is not homogeneous; within its framework, various interpretations of space, its structuring and interaction of various spatial structures have arisen. Among the most significant representatives of the spatial approach are P. Bourdieu, K. Levin, from domestic researchers - V. G. Chernikov and V. G. Vinogradskiy.
Starting from the point of view of K. S. Pigrov, who emphasizes that social philosophy is not strictly delineated in Europe and between the branches of knowledge that correlate with it - sociology, political science, history - “the boundaries are transparent” 6, we used a fairly well-known approach to analyze the communication space, formulated by social thought (Ritzer J., Nemirovsky V.G., Komleva V.V., Tikhonina S.A.). Within the framework of this approach, the paradigms of social facts, social definitions and social behavior, corresponding to the macroobjective and macro-subjective (albeit to varying degrees) levels, are singled out as the main ones.
The source of the paradigm of "social facts" is the work of E. Durkheim. Supporters of this line of research on social
6 Pigrov KS Social philosophy. - SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg. un-ta, 2005. - S. realities focus their attention, first of all, on large social structures and social institutions, considering their impact on individual and group activities. Within the framework of the study of macrostructures and institutions that make up the external conditions of the communication space, the provisions of the theories of structural and functional (T. Parsons, R. Merton) and systems analysis (N. Luhmann) are used, which have determined an invariant set of functional problems of the process of interaction of the communication space as a social system with their institutions (problems of adaptation, goal achievement, structure reproduction and stress relief, as well as the integration of the system in interaction with the environment) and identified the value, sociocultural context of the interaction of the communication space, subjects of communication activities and the QMS.
Macro-subjective and partially micro-subjective - the levels of research correspond to the paradigm of "social definition", the methodological basis of which is the work of M. Weber devoted to social action. At these levels, using the methodological approaches of the paradigm of social definition, the value, significant characteristics of the communication space, developed under the influence of the generally accepted value system and constituting the value-normative core of social reality, are investigated.
Within the framework of the paradigm of "social behavior", which originates from the work of psychologist BF Skinner, we use some provisions of the theory of social exchange (J. Homans, P. Blau), social psychology of groups (P. Thibault, G. Kelly, S. Moskovichi and others) and network theories (B. Wellman, R. Bert), which allow us to consider the characteristics of the QMS as factors of the social behavior of actors, determining their choice of individual trajectories of creativity, influencing the formation of value orientations of the individual and society as a whole.
The political approach (3. Bauman, E. Giddens, K. Lash), aimed at identifying in the communication space the struggle of political forces for control over information, is of great importance for this study. It should be noted the socio-cultural approach (E. Toffler, P.K. Ogurchikov, E.V. Listvina), which reveals the role of the communication space in the process of social and cultural identification of the individual.
The above ideas form the basis of the author's concept, which focuses on the analysis of the relationship between society (whole) and communication space (part).
Research hypothesis. In the communication space of society, considered according to the "globalism - regionalism" model, special social institutions are formed, actively demanded by the territorial community, performing specific functions and possessing high vitality, characterized by dual potential (negative and positive), affecting the development of the individual and society as a whole : negative potential arises as a result of the intensification of communications and is found in the problematization of human life, in the disorganization of human activity itself; positive potential lies in the creative development of a person as a result of overcoming problems on the basis of the formation of innovations, which contributes to the formation of a personality.
The object of the research is the communication space as a social reality.
The subject of the research is the institutionalization of the actors of the communication space in the innovative process of the humanization of social control.
The purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the study is to consider the communication space of society in the context of the ratio of global and regional aspects (by the example of Mordovia).
This goal is realized by the author by formulating and consistently solving the following tasks: to reveal the essence of the concept of communication in socio-philosophical reflection, to determine its place in the systems of social practice and transformation of the qualitative states of society;
Explore the social essence, structure, content and functions of the communication space and its institutions; to analyze the process of influence of external factors (information environment, communication technologies, power structures, etc.) on the quality of functioning of the actors of the communication space;
Identify the role and place of social control in the communication space of the region, influencing the development and democratization of society as a whole.
Theoretical and methodological foundations of the research. In accordance with the goals and objectives of this dissertation research, the author chose an interdisciplinary approach as a basis, which makes it possible to generalize the results of disciplinary research and give them philosophical significance. The methodological basis of the study was formed under the influence of socio-philosophical works devoted to the transformation of Russian society in the post-Soviet period and the strengthening of communication trends in its development (A.S. Akhiezer, V.V. Ilyin, V.M. Mezhuev, V. JI. Inozemtsev, JI. I. Novikova, A. S. Panarin, I. N. Sizemskaya, V. S. Stepin, V. G. Fedotova).
In addition, the dissertation research is based on the ideas of the following approaches: system-topological (P. Bourdieu, E Giddens, N. Luhmann); institutional and environmental (T. Parsons, J. Rischer, D. P. Gavre, M. A. Shishkina); institutional (E. Durkheim, T. Veblen, T. Parsons, J. Schepansky, J. Ritzer); theories of the social space of the information society (G.M. McLuhan, E. Toffler, M. Castells,
F. Webster); social change (3. Bauman), social transformation and social adaptation. They are valuable in that they allow us to single out and consider fairly stable communication processes and social relations in which certain organizations are involved that perform socially significant functions, norms and prescriptions operate that regulate certain areas of human interaction.
An important place in the dissertation belongs to the constructive approach (P. Bourdieu, P. Berger, T. Luckmann). Social reality is considered in it as a result, given and determined by the subject of social action, practice, the result of human interaction. Constructionism functions as the study of the activity of group consciousness (dialogue, discourse, in the process of which social reality and ideas about it are constructed); and also in the form of contextuality (when positions are supplemented by an analysis of the consciousness of other groups and society as a whole, using statistics and observational data).
The dissertation employs a systematic approach in the context of considering the processes of globalization and regionalization of the information society.
The communication space of society is considered as an integral and systemic formation, deployed in a dynamic process as a connection of states, as well as having external and internal resources for its own development. To study the internal structure of this social phenomenon, a structural-functional analysis and an activity approach applied to the study of social phenomena were used.
A comparative (comparative) method is actively involved in the work, which makes it possible to compare the same type of phenomena of the emergence of communication processes occurring both at the global and at the regional and local levels.
The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that it investigates the role and significance of the communication space as a structure-forming phenomenon of social reality in the context of the correlation between the global and regional aspects (for example, Mordovia).
The main scientific results are as follows: a socio-philosophical interpretation of the concept of communication as a basic social institution in modern Russian society and regional society is given, and it is also shown that in order to analyze society as a whole, it is necessary to study communication and other institutions that produce diversity; considered categorical structures describing the conditions and process of development, as well as a dynamic range of qualitative states of the communication space of society ("social communication", "mass communication", "mass media", etc.), the essence of which is the growth of the importance of the communication system, processes meaning formation, transformation of the conditions for the formation of innovations; clarified the meaning of the main stages of the humanization of social control (traditionalism, ethism, legalism) in the process of its formation in the history of society as a communication technology of action, and also outlined the internal (free, sufficient conditions) and external (necessary) factors of its development in the formation of a single communication space as spaces of dialogue; studied the regional specificity of social technologization in the communication and information modernization of society, identified an innovative mechanism of social control (humanitarian expertise) as a condition for sustainable and safe development of modern society.
The main provisions for the defense.
1. Communication is a social institution that translates the social into the logical, thereby ensuring the relationship of people in their joint life, including the functioning of the communication systems themselves. In this context, communication creates the prerequisites for an in-depth understanding of the driving forces behind the development of an individual and society. Interpretation of communication is aimed at identifying the generalizing social content of a concept, at considering it as significant for the whole society as a whole, which stimulates the concept's elevation to the category of social philosophy.
2. The communication space of society is extremely complex, multicomponent in content. To characterize it, there are conjugated categories (intensification of communications, the sphere of mass communication, communication relations, QMS, etc.) that capture the components of the external environment and the content of the internal environment. This space has informational and mental structures.
3. The most important component of the communication space of society is its institutional structure. In the communication space of the Russian society, an extremely important place belongs to the institutions of the QMS, which have a dual character. On the one hand, QMS can generate potential uncertainty and dysfunctional effects. For example, to stimulate the emergence of new forms of socio-cultural aggression on the part of the most developed countries and regions in relation to less developed ones. On the other hand, QMS produces some kind of "braces" as stable, cognitive and evaluative coordinates necessary for the implementation of new communications. They affect such social spheres that allow covering different parts, society, the entire system of its social institutions. The main means of preventing the destabilization of society, the growth of communication risks in the modern communication space is the development of balanced rules for the management and correction of communication flows.
4. The institutionalization of the actors of the communication space is carried out in the process of the humanization of social control. The communication process is based on specialized communication technologies of action as part of social technologies in general, and the humanization of social control in particular. The development of science, QMS institutions, civil society in a single space-time (center - region) are considered as humanitarian grounds for social control. Social control is a mechanism that serves as a regulator of communication relations, which is the main channel for collecting information, ensuring the stability of the social system and its stability on the basis of positively overcoming the duality of communication.
The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained can serve as theoretical and methodological principles for further analysis of the communication space, for finding the reasons and ways to overcome the challenges of our time, for identifying the specifics of socio-philosophical knowledge.
The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the results of the study make it possible to develop recommendations for correcting the management of the information and communication space of the region. The conclusions and recommendations proposed as a result of the research can be used in organizing training in higher educational institutions, as well as in postgraduate education institutions and systems for training and retraining specialists in the field of social philosophy, public relations, social management, and management.
Approbation of work. The main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation are presented in the reports and scientific reports of the author at the International scientific and practical conference "Problems of the development of regional society" (Saransk, 2006), All-Russian scientific and practical conferences "The functioning of regional media in modern conditions" (Penza, 2006)., at the Ogarev Readings at the Moscow State University named after N.P. Ogarev in 2006-2009, and also reflected in 11 publications.
Conclusion of the thesis on the topic "Social Philosophy", Rodin, Alexander Vasilievich
The study of the communication space has shown that the reproduction of society depends on a person's ability to find an effective solution, a new vision of reality, overcoming the ambiguity, duality of this communication on the basis of multiple flows of communication. This means that communication creates not only dangers, but also favorable factors for the development of a person's potential, which, in turn, stimulates the personality to further growth. Thus, a permanent mechanism of self-development of society is formed, where society and a person mutually stimulate each other. The interpretation of the connections between them, in general, claims to be a certain concept of social philosophy, aimed at a generalizing analysis of the category of communication.
Three levels of communication space have been identified: world (globalization), regional and local, which inevitably implies the existence of the problem of relations between the center and regions, as well as regions with each other. Social control is involved in the regulation of communication relations, respectively, subdivided into three branches.
Of particular interest is the regional cross-section (using the example of the Republic of Mordovia), where many problems are highlighted related to the quality of life, the protection of human rights and freedoms, the bureaucratization of structures and public administration, a low degree of citizens' trust in individual social institutions, overcoming information and communication inequality, implementation information protection, preservation of the identity of ethnic culture, etc.
It seems appropriate to introduce into social practice an innovative mechanism of social control - the institution of humanitarian expertise, which will allow predicting the possible consequences (positive and negative) of communication processes for the development of the individual and society as a whole.
The essence of humanitarian expertise is focused on the idea that the spread of new communication technologies creates risks dangerous for humanity, which must be prevented before they get out of control and lead to irreversible consequences. Humanitarian expertise is one of the rapidly developing areas of expertise and is a correlation of normative complexes of various levels: technological, national; ethnic, etc. Humanitarian expertise correlates with the strategy of informatization and humanitarization of the communication space of the region (Mordovia). Management of the informatization process in Mordovia is carried out and coordinated through the adoption of regulations governing the development, creation and operation of information systems and resources.
The main problems of regional communication spaces in the "center - region" ratio are the problems of information and digital inequality and information security. A methodology for assessing the development of regional communication spaces is proposed, which makes it possible to correlate indicators in four systems (Indicator of technological equipment; Indicator of transparency of communications; Index of informatization of society; Index of readiness of states for a networked economy).
The use of innovative technologies of social control makes it possible to transfer the quality of life to a completely different level not only in the industrial sphere and science, but also in education, medicine and public administration, which, in general, serves as a positive overcoming of the duality of communication.
Conclusion
In the introduction to this dissertation, the existence of a relationship between the intensity and direction of social transformations and the level of stability of society in the global and regional aspects was determined. It was assumed that the changes introduced into social reality by scientific and technological progress are integrated in the communication space, which turns into one of the main objects of applying creative energy to it. The communication process is based on specialized communication technologies of action as part of social technologies in general. These technologies include: informatization in general; information and communication technologies of computerization, telecommunications, professionalization, intellectualization of any kind of activity; communication systems; any means of communication as messages that determine the nature of communication (meaning primarily relative to the meaning); public relations system; the picture of the global and regional world created by the QMS complex: geographic information networks; cross-border global information and telecommunication network, Internet. The processes developing on this basis lead to the formation of a new system of values, new cognitive and practical priorities. The most characteristic features of the communication space of our time are instantaneous interaction, removal of boundaries and distances, a variety of spatial configurations, the possibility of virtualization, dynamism of transformations, etc. In their integral expression, these characteristics determine the situation of “explosive” interaction of space, time and information. This aspect of the development of society is basic for understanding the trends and speed of further social transformations.
In the communication space of society, considered according to the "globalism - regionalism" model, special social institutions are formed that perform specific functions and have high vitality, characterized by a dual potential (negative and positive) that determines the dynamics of social change. This process is of real social significance. A society built on the priority of communication as a basic resource is exposed to numerous dangers and risks associated with the use of communication and information in the interests of certain groups.
All of the above was a hypothesis that this study was devoted to testing. The results of the work are as follows.
Each society forms its own communication space, the agents of which are individuals, groups of people and social institutions. Any communication act is carried out within the framework of spatio-temporal coordinates. All communication interactions are realized in social space and all informational processes in society are considered as social communications. Without maintaining a stable exchange of information between individuals and social groups, it is impossible to imagine the existence of society as a whole.
The formation of the communicative characteristics of an individual means an increase in the increasing significance of the universal in him as a carrier of social and of increasing importance in this universality of the individual himself as an active subject of social interactions. This understanding of the individual is associated with the transition to historically new forms of social development, where the essence of universality is participation in the creation of an integral communication space of the modern world.
In accordance with the general understanding of social institutions, QMS institutions should be understood as a stable, normatively fixed set of roles and statuses functioning in society, designed to solve a socially necessary task - to ensure effective public communications. This is a special form of social organization, a special way of social consolidation of specific types of activity associated with the optimization of the interaction of social subjects (individuals, communities, social organizations and social institutions) with their public.
In its development, the QMS goes through the same stages of institutionalization that are characteristic of society as a whole. The dynamics of its development, like all subsystems of society, is set by the stages of the institutionalization process - objectification, generalization and reflection on the foundations and semantic definitions of these institutions.
The totality of social practices associated with the purposeful production and functioning of effective systems of public communication in society forms the sphere of mass media. In this area, the communication space is formed as a special social institution, as a specific form of social organization, which provides a normatively stable and status-fixed depersonalized implementation of a socially necessary goal at the level of society, as well as in its individual segments.
At the same time, the communication space brings with it not only new solutions and opportunities, but also new problems and risks. Like any other, the information and communication society is imperfect and the consequences of the use of communication technologies depend on values and political decisions. Realizing the capabilities of the information and communication society is a matter of adequate policy and effective management decisions.
In the process of informatization of modern society, communication becomes not only a constructive feature of economics and politics, but also the general principle of organizing transforming social systems. This means that communication is the building material of the life of each member of the information civilization, the organization and functioning of social control. Social control is institutionalized in a number of communication institutions that regulate social relations. The priority direction of social control in the context of the dynamic conditions of society is the humanization of its innovative forms (humanitarian expertise). The introduction of the institution of humanitarian expertise into social practice makes it possible to assess the possible consequences (positive and negative) of the decisions made for the development of the individual and society as a whole. The specificity of humanitarian expertise is its focus, first of all, on identifying a possible balance of social security. The development of such a communication technology as humanitarian expertise is a long-term process that depends on public opinion, the initiation of the adoption of relevant regulations, the development of necessary indicators, and the training of expert specialists. However, all the necessary and sufficient conditions are ripe for the introduction and promotion of social expertise in modern Russian society.
The global communication space is analyzed in the local-regional context on the example of Russia and Mordovia in the aspect of information security, understood as equality in access and consumption of information, as a condition for the technological and democratic development of society. The region is understood in physical-geographical, political-administrative and mental aspects. The study showed the insensitivity of Russian regions to ICT and a low equality-inequality index, which indicates that the information contains mainly a layer of the apparatus of power, while other subjects of the social structure are underrepresented. It is also essential that information processes do not influence decision-making by the regional authorities, the regional economy remains little susceptible to information technologies.
The formation of the information society in Russia is an irreversible and necessary process. The advancement of the Russian society to the informational state has natural limitations associated with the state and level of innovative activity of the industrial and social sectors. On this path, the “age-old curse” of Russia, caused by the enormous size of the country, is being overcome. The formation of an information society in Russia is a prerequisite for sustainable development of the country, its full integration into the world community.
To overcome the lag behind industrialized countries in the level of informatization of the economy and society, it is necessary to remove obstacles on this path: 1) to form a modern legal framework for the use of communication technologies; 2) overcome the technical and technological lagging barrier; 3) ensure a high level of training in the field of creation and use of communication technologies; 3) to form an adequate culture of using information resources. All these factors will serve to increase the effectiveness of social control in society.
List of dissertation research literature Candidate of Philosophy Rodin, Alexander Vasilievich, 2009
1.. Abdeev, RF Philosophy of information civilization. Dialectics of the progressive line of development as a humane universal human philosophy of the XXI century / RF Abdeev. M .: VLADOS, 1994 .-- 336 p.
2. Abushenko, V. L. Conceptualization // World Encyclopedia: Philosophy. M .: ACT, Mn .: Harvest, Contemporary writer, 2001. - S. 507.
3. Agapov, A. B. Fundamentals of public administration in the sphere of mass information in the Russian Federation / A. B. Agapov. - M .: Jurist, 1997 .-- 343 p.
4. Antonovsky, A. Yu. Massmedia - a transcendental illusion of reality? / A. Yu. Antonovsky // Luhmann N. Reality of mass media. M .: Praxis, 2005 .-- S. 221. - 248.
5. Aristotle. Poetics. Rhetoric / Aristotle. SPb .: Azbuka, 2000.-346 p.
6. Aron, R. Democracy and totalitarianism / R. Aron. M .: Text, 1993.-303 p.
7. Arseniev, A. S. Analysis of the developing concept / A. S. Arseniev, V. S. Bibler, B. M. Kedrov. Moscow: Nauka, 1967 .-- 439 p.
8. Arutyunov, V. S. Biofuel: Pro et contra / V. S. Arutyunov // Russian chemical journal. M., 2007. - T. 51. - No. 6. - S. 94-99.
9. Afanasyev, V.G. Systematicity and society / V.G. Afanasyev - Moscow: Politizdat, 1980.368 p.
10. Yu. Akhiezer, A. S. Marksova's concept of reproduction in the light of modern philosophy and science A. S. Akhiezer, M. E. Ryabova, N. S. Savkin // Philosophy and Society, 2006. No. 4. - P. 40 - 59.
11. Akhiezer, AS RUSSIA: criticism of historical experience. (Sociocultural dynamics of Russia). From the past to the future / A.S. Akhiezer. 3rd ed, add. - M .: New chronograph, 2008 .-- 938 p.
12. Akhiezer, A.S. Social philosophy in an increasingly complex world / A.
13. S. Akhiezer, M. E. Ryabova // Social Sciences and Modernity, 2005. No. Z.-S. 137-143.
14. Akhiezer, AS Theoretical political science: Reforms and counterreforms in Russia. Cycles of the modernization process / A. S. Akhiezer / A. S. Akhiezer, V. V. Ilyin, A. S. Panarin; ed. V. V. Ilyina. M.: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1996 .-- 400 p.
15. Akhiezer, AS Man in search of the fullness of being / AS Akhiezer // Proceedings. T. 2. - M .: New Chronograph, 2008. - P.7-387.
16. Babaytsev, A. Yu. Communication // The latest philosophical dictionary; 2nd ed. -Mn .: Interpressservice; Book House, 2001.S. 497-498.
17. Bakulev, G. P. Mass communication. Western theories and concepts: textbook. manual for university students / G.P. Bakulev. - M .: Aspect Press, 2005.-176 p.
18. Bakhtin, MM The problem of text in linguistics, philology and other humanities / MM Bakhtin // Literary critical articles. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986 .-- 480 p.
19. Bakhtin, M. M. Aesthetics of verbal creativity / M. M. Bakhtin. - M .: Fiction, 1979.412 p.
20. Bganba, VR Social ecology: textbook. allowance / V.R.Bganba. - M .: Higher. shk., 2004.309 p.
21. Bell, D. The Coming Post-Industrial Society. Experience of social forecasting / D. Bell. M .: Academia, 2004 .-- 788 p.
22. Berger, P. Sociology: a biographical approach / P. Berger, B. Berger, R. Collins // Personally-oriented sociology. M .: Academy Project, 2004. - 605 p.
23. Berger, P. Social construction of reality. Treatise on the sociology of knowledge / P. Berger, T. Lukman. M .: MEDIUM, 1995 .-- 323 p.
24. Bibler, V. S. From science to the logic of culture. Two philosophical introductions to the twenty-first century / V.S. Bibler. M .: Politizdat, 1990. -413 p.
25. Black, S. Public Relations. What it is? / S. Black. - M .: ASES-Moscow, 1990.240 p.
26. Baudrillard, J. In the shadow of the silent majority, or the End of the social / J. Baudrillard. Yekaterinburg: Publishing house of the Ural University, 2000. -96 p.
27. Borisnev, S. V. Sociology of communication: textbook. allowance / S. V. Borisnev. M .: UNITI-DANA, 2003 .-- 270 p.
28. Buber, M. Two images of faith / M. Buber. Moscow: Respublika, 1995, 464 p.
29. Budantsev, Yu. P. Essays on noocommunicology / Yu. P. Budantsev. - M .: MNEPU, 1995.112 p.
30. Bourdieu, P. Social space: fields and practices / P. Bourdieu; otv. ed. translation, comp. after N. A. Shmatko. - M .: Institute of Experimental Sociology; SPb .: Aleteya, 2005 .-- 576 p.
31. Bourdieu, P. Sociology and politics / P. Bourdieu. M .: Socio-Logos, 1993.-336 p.
32. Bourdieu, P. Sociology of social space / P. Bourdieu. -M .: Institute of Experimental Sociology; Saint Petersburg: Aleteya, 2005.288 p.
33. Buyanov, MA Regional press and power: priorities of interaction in the conditions of modern Russia: author. dis. ... Cand. polit, n. / M. A. Buyanov. M .: RAGS, 1999 .-- 22 p.
34. Wallerstein, I. The End of the Familiar World: Sociology of the XXI Century / I. Wallerstein. M .: Logos, 2004 .-- 368 p.
35. Vasilik, MA Fundamentals of the theory of communication: textbook. / M. A. Vasilik, M. S. Vershinin, V. A. Pavlov; ed. M.A. Vasilika. M .: Gardariki, 2005.-615 p.
36. Vershinin, M. S. Political communication in the information society / M. S. Vershinin. SPb .: Publishing house of Mikhailov V.A., 2001 .-- 253 p.
37. Wiener, N. Creator and the Future / N. Wiener. M .: ACT, 2003 .-- 732 p.
38. Vladislavlev, A. P. State and Mass Media: Will there be Freedom of Speech in Russia? : mat. Round table, 19 nov. 2003; ed. A. Vladislavleva, V. Nikonov, A. Salmina. Moscow: PIK VINITI, 2003 .-- 64 p.
39. Volkov, A. A. Fundamentals of Russian rhetoric / A. A. Volkov. M .: Philology edition. Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, 1996 .-- 344 p.
40. Vorobiev, A. M. Mass media as a factor in the formation of civil society: process, trends, contradictions / A. M. Vorobiev. -Yekaterinburg: Publishing house of the URYUI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1998.-183 p.
41. Le Havre, DP Public opinion as a sociological category and social institution / DP Le Havre; Grew up. Academy of Sciences, Institute of social and economic probl. -SPb .: ISEP, 1995.-235 p.
42. Gagaev, A. A. Socialization and social control in Eurasia. Science and art / A. A. Gagaev, P. A. Gagaev. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. unta, 2007 .-- 332 p.
43. Gaidenko, P. P. Man and history in the existential philosophy of K. Jaspers / P. P. Gaidenko // Jaspers K. The meaning and purpose of history. M .: Politizdat, 1991. - S. 5-26.
44. Ganzhin, V. T. Public Relations. What does it mean? Introduction to environmental communication / V. T. Ganzhin. M .: Publishing house MNEPU, 1998. - 176 p.
45. Hegel, GVF Phenomenology of spirit. Op. in 14 t. M .: Sotsekgiz, 1959.-T. 4.-440 p.
46. Giddens, E. Organization of society: Essay on the theory of structuration / E. Giddens. Moscow: Academic project, 2003 .-- 528 p.
47. Smooth, Yu. N. Regional studies: textbook. / Yu. N. Gladkiy, A. I. Chistobaev. M .: Gardariki, 2000 .-- 384 p.
48. Hobbes, T. Leviathan. Op. in 2 volumes / T. Hobbes. M .: Mysl, 1991. - T. 2.-735 p.
49. Gobozov, I. A. Social cognition / I. A. Gobozov. Philosophy and Society. - 1999. - No. 2. - P. 98 - 127.
50. Gold, J. Psychology and Geography. Fundamentals of Behavioral Geography / J. Gold. M .: Progress, 1990 .-- 302 p.
51. Holbach, P. A. Catechism of Nature. Selected works: in 2 volumes / P.A.Golbakh. M .: Mysl, 1963. - T. 2. - 564 p.
52. Gorshkov, M. K. Public opinion: history and modernity / M. K. Gorshkov. M .: Politizdat, 1988 .-- 383 p.
53. Grachev, MN Politics, political system, political communication: monograph / MN Grachev. M .: NOU MELI, 1999 .-- 167 p.
54. Grushin, BA Mass information in the Soviet industrial city / BA Grushin. M .: Politizdat, 1980 .-- 446 p.
55. Grushin, BA Four Lives of Russia in the Mirror of Public Opinion Polls: Essays on the Mass Consciousness of the Times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin. Book. 1. / B.A. Grushin. M .: Progress-Tradition, 2001.-619 p.
56. Gumbatov, FD The role of the media in the implementation of state social policy: author. dis. ... Cand. Philos. n. / F.D. Gumbatov. - M., 1998.-25 p.
57. Günzl, K. New thinking in overcoming the past and creating the future / K. Günzl. -M .: Respublika, 1993.191 p.
58. Davydov, Yu. N. Max Weber and modern theoretical sociology: Actual problems of Weber's sociological doctrine / Yu. N. Davydov. M .: Martis, 1998 .-- 510 p.
59. Deleuze, J. Kant's Critical Philosophy: The Doctrine of Ability. Bergsonism. Spinoza; per. with fr. M .: PER SE, 2000 .-- 351 p.
60. Dzyakovich, E. V. Features of the mass information space of the region / E. A. Dzyakovich // Regionology, 2006. No. 2. - P. 198
61. Diligensky, G. G. Socio-political psychology / G. G. Diligensky. M .: New school, 1996.
62. Dogan, M. Comparative political sociology / M. Dogan, D. Pelassi. M .: Sots.- polit, zhurn., 1994 .-- 272 p.
63. Drize, TM Textual activity in the structure of social communication. Problems of semiosociopsychology; ed. I. T. Levykina. Moscow: Nauka, 1984 .-- 268 p.
64. Dubrovsky, A. V. Sociological information in the regional press: textbook. allowance / A. V. Dubrovsky. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2000.-45 p.
65. Dennis, E. Conversations about the mass media / E. Dennis, D. Merrill. M .: Vagrius, 1997.-330 p.
66. Durkheim, E. On the division of social labor / E. Durkheim. -M .: Kanon, 1996.-432 p.
67. Dyatchenko, JI. Ya. Social technologies in the management of social processes. - Belgorod: Center for Social Technologies, 1993.-343 p.
68. Elmeev, V. Ya. Sociological method: theory, ontology, logic / V. Ya. Elmeev. SPb .: TOO TK "Petropolis", 1995. - 144 p.
69. Elmeev, V. Ya. Theory and practice of social development / V. Ya. Elmeev: fav. scientific. tr. to the 75th birthday anniversary. SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg. University, 2004 .-- 397 p.
70. Ershov, AN Management and self-government in the process of social transformations. Kazan: Center for Innovative Technologies, 2007. - 463 p.
71. Lawmaking in the field of mass media in 2003: materials of the annual conference. Moscow, December 22. 2003 / ed. G. V. Vinokurov, A. G. Richter, V. V. Chernyshev. M .: Institute of Information Law Problems, 2004.-144 p.
72. Ilyin. Kaluga: Polygraph-Inform, 2007 .-- 252 p.
73. Ilyin, V. V. Macrosociology: textbook. / V. V. Ilyin, B. F. Kevbrin, V. A. Pisachkin / Saran, co-op. in-t. Saransk: Type. “Kraen. Oct. ", 2004. - 304 p.
74. Ilyin, V. I. State and social stratification of Soviet and post-Soviet societies / V. I. Ilyin / Syktyvkar, un-t; Institute of Sociology RAS. Syktyvkar, 1996 .-- 349 p.
75. Ilyin, I. P. Poststructuralism. Deconstructivism. Postmodernism / I.P. Ilyin. M .: Intrada, 1996 .-- 256 p.
76. Inozemtsev, V. P. Criticism of information. (Lash S. Critigue of information. London; Thousand Oaks (Ca.): Sage Publications, 2002. XII + 234 p.) / V. P. Inozemtsev, S. Lash // Problems of Philosophy, 2002. No. 10. - P . 182-187.
77. Kagan, M. S, The World of Communication: The Problem of Intersubjective Relations / M. S. Kagan. M .: Politizdat, 1988 .-- 315 p.
78. Kapterev, A. I. Informatization of sociocultural space /
79. A. I. Kapterev. M .: FAIR-PRESS, 2004 .-- 507 p.
80. Kara-Murza, S. G. Manipulation of consciousness / S. G. Kara-Murza. -M .: EKSMO-Press, 2002.832 p.
81. Castells, M. Information age: economy, society and culture / M. Castells. M .: GU HSE, 2000 .-- 608 p.
82. Kevbrin, BF Development. Determinism. Law / B.F.Kevbrin / Mosk. un-t consumer cooperation. M., 1998 .-- 244 p.
83. Kelle, V. Zh. Globalization from the perspective of a civilizational approach /
84. B. J. Kelle // Globalization, Culture, Civilization: mat. post, action, interdisc. seminar of the Club of Scientists "Global World". - M .: Institute of Microeeonomy, 2003. Issue. 7 (30). - S. 32 - 44.
86. Kirichek, PN Information process in the system-target dimension. M .: RAGS, 2008 .-- 34 p.
87. Laws and practice of mass media in the CIS and Baltic countries: cf. Analysis / Glasnost Defense Foundation; scientific. ed. V.N. Monakhov. Moscow: Gallery, 1999 .-- 223 p.
88. Zaslavskaya, T. I. Illegal labor practices and social transformations in Russia / T. I. Zaslavskaya, M. A. Shabanova // Sociological research, 2002. No. 6. - P. 3-17.
89. Zasursky, Ya. N. Reconstruction of Russian mass media and politics in the 90s. / Ya.N. Zasursky. M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 2001 .-- 288 p.
90. Zinoviev, A. A. Ascent from the abstract to the concrete. (Based on the material of "Capital" by K. Marx) / A. A. Zinoviev. M .: RAS IF, 2002.-385 p.
91. Zinoviev, A. A. On the way to a super-society / A. A. Zinoviev. M .: Tsentrpoligraf, 2000 .-- 638 p.
92. Ivanov, V. N. Social technologies in the modern world / V. N. Ivanov. Moscow: Slavic Dialogue, 1996 .-- 335 p.
93. Ivanov, DV Virtualization of society. Version 2.0. / D. V. Ivanov.- SPb .: Petersburg Oriental Studies, 2002.224 p.
94. Ivanov, D. V. Sociology: uch. for universities / D. V. Ivanov; ed. D. V. Ivanov. - M .: Higher education, 2005 .-- 325 p.
95. Ivanov, OI Methodology of sociology: study guide. allowance / O. I. Ivanov. SPb .: Sociological Society. M. M. Kovalevsky, 2003.211 p.
96. Ilyenkov, EV Dialectical Logic: Essays on History and Theory.- 2nd ed., Add. / E. V. Ilyenkov. Moscow: Politizdat, 1984 .-- 320 p.
97. Ilyin, V. V. Russia: results and prospects of domestic reforms / V. V. Ilyin // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Philosophy Series, 1996. No. 1. - P. 3-22.
98. Ilyin, V. V. Russia: the experience of national-state ideology / V. V. Ilyin, A. S. Panarin, A. V. Ryabov; ed. V.V. Ilyina.- Moscow: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1994.230 p.
99. Ilyin, V. V. The Globo World: Russia's Option. Scientific publication / V.V.
100. Kirichek, PN Sociology of journalism. Course of lectures / P. N. Kirichek. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 1998. - 88 p.
101. Klyamkin, I. M. Shadow Russia: Economic and Sociological Research / Klyamkin I. M., Timofeev L. M. M .: RSTU, 2000. - 592 p.
102. Kovalchenko, I. D. Methods of historical research / I. D. Kovalchenko. M.: Nauka, 1987 .-- 439 p.
103. Kojeve, A. Dialectics of the real and the phenomenological method in Hegel / A. Kozhev // The idea of death in Hegel's philosophy. M .: Logos, Progress-Tradition, 1998. - S. 7-130.
104. Kozlowski, P. Postmodern culture / P. Kozlowski; per. with him. L. V. Fedorova, F. N. Feldman, M. N. Gretsky, L. V. Suvoichik. M .: Respublika, 1997 .-- 240 p.
105. Colin, KK Fundamental foundations of informatics: social informatics: textbook. textbook for universities / K.K.Kolin. - M.: Yekaterinburg: Business book, Academic project, 2000 .-- 350 p.
106. Konovchenko, S. V. Information policy in Russia / S. V. Konovchenko, A. G. Kiselev. M .: RAGS, 2004 .-- 528 p.
107. Comte, O. Spirit of positive philosophy / O. Comte // Western European sociology of the XIX century: texts. - M .: Edition of the International University of Business and Management, 1996. S. 7-93.
108. Koposov, N. Ye. Stop killing cats! Criticism of social sciences / N.E. Koposov. -M .: New literary review, 2005.246 p.
109. Kochetov, EG Globalistics: theory, methodology, practice / EG Kochetov. M .: Norma-Infra, 2002 .-- 672 p.
110. Krapivensky, S. E. Devaluation of personality: causes and possibilities of correction / S. E. Krapivensky, E. Feldman // Philosophy and Society, 2004. No. 2. - P. 24 - 47.
111. Kuznetsov, V. Yu. Problems of social time / V. Yu. Kuznetsov // Scientific notes. T. 1 (1994-1996). - M., 1997 .-- S. 49-62.
112. Kuzovkova, T. A. Communication statistics / T. A. Kuzovkova, A. M. Pronin, T. Yu. Salyutina et al. - M .: Radio and communication, 2003. 623 p.
113. Kuhn, T. The structure of scientific revolutions / T. Kuhn. Moscow: ACT, 2001, 608 p.
114. Kurochkina, A. A. Media management system / A. A. Kurochkina. -SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg state. University of Economics and Finance, 1999.209 p.
115. Lambert, E. Commitment to Journalism. On the ethical approach to the journalistic profession / E. Lambert. - M .: VIOLANTA, 1998.320 p.
116. Lapina, S. V. Sociological knowledge: Methodological problems of the study of social phenomena and processes: textbook. allowance / S. V. Lapina. Minsk: Belarusian Science, 1998 .-- 207 p.
117. Lebedeva, T. Yu. Public Relations: Corporate and Political Directing: Models, Value System, QMS Channels: On the Example of France. / T. Yu. Lebedeva. M .: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1999 .-- 350 p.
118. Lektorsky, V. A. Subject, object, cognition / V. A. Lektorsky. -M .: Nauka, 1980.-359 p.
119. Lopatin, V. N. Information security of Russia: Man.
120. Society. State / V.N. Lopatin. SPb .: Fund "University", 2000.- 428 p.
121. Lopatina, NV Information specialists: sociology of management / NV Lopatina. Moscow: Academic Project, 2006 .-- 208 p.
122. Lukach, D. Towards the ontology of social life. Prolegomena / D. Lukach. -M .: Progress, 1991. -412 p.
123. Luhmann, N. Power / N. Luhmann; lane with it. A. Yu. Antonovsky. -M .: Praxis, 2001.256 p.
124. Luhmann, N. Differentiation / N. Luhmann; lane with it. B. Skuratov. -M .: Logos, 2006.-320 p.
125. Luhmann, N. Media communications / N. Luhmann; lane with it. A. Glukhov, O. Nikiforov. M .: Logos, 2005 .-- 280 p.
126. Luhmann, N. Society as a social system / N. Luhmann; lane with it. A. Yu. Antonovsky. - M .: Logos, 2004.232 p.
127. Luhmann, N. Reality of mass media / N. Luhmann; lane with it. A. Yu. Antonovsky. M .: Praxis, 2005 .-- 256 p.
128. Luhmann, N. Evolution / N. Luhmann; lane with it. A. Yu. Antonovsky. -M .: Logos, 2005.-256 p.
129. Mayorov, G. G. Philosophy as the search for the absolute / G. G. Mayorov. -M .: Editorial URSS, 2004.416 p.
130. Makarevich, EF Social control of the masses / EF Makarevich, OI Karpukhin, VA Lukov. M .: Bustard, 2007 .-- 432 p.
131. McQueil, D. Theory of Mass Communication / D. McQueil // Contexts of the present. Reader; per. from English Kazan: ABAK, 1998.- S. 3-230.
132. McLuhan, GM Gutenberg Galaxy. Formation of a typist / GM McLuhan: Academic Project: Mir Foundation, 2005. -495 p.
133. McLuhan, GM Understanding of Media: External Extensions of Man / GM McLuhan. M .: Hyperborea, Kuchkovo field, 2007.464 p.
134. Malakanova, O. A. Sociological research as a means of forming the image of a political institution / O. A. Malakanova. -Samara, 1995.13 p.
135. Mamardashvili, M. Psychological topology of the path: M. Proust "In search of lost time" / M. Mamardashvili. SPb .: Publishing house of RHGI, well. "Neva", 1997. - 576 p.
136. Mamedov, M. M. Introduction to the theory of sustainable development: A course of lectures / M. M. Mamedov, N. P. Vashchekin, E. V. Girusov et al. M .: Stupeni, 2002. - 240 p.
137. Marinin, A. P. Institutionalization // Philosophical Dictionary; ed. I. T. Frolova. - 7th ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Republic, 2001 .-- S. 209-210.
138. Markin, V. V. Social programming: theoretical and methodological problems / V. V. Markin. Penza: Publishing house Penz. state University, 1998.-279 p.
139. Maslow, A. Towards the psychology of being / A. Maslow. -M .: Publishing house EKSMO-Press, 2002.272 p.
140. Mezhuev, VM Attitude to the past is the key to the future / VM Mezhuev // Where is Russia going? Institutional systems crisis: century, decade, year. - M.: Logos, 1999 .-- S. 39 - 48.
141. NO.Melyukhin, IS Information society: origins, problems, development trends / IS Melyukhin. M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1999 .-- 208 p.
142. Merton, R. Social theory and social structure / R. Merton. M .: ACT: KHANITEL, 2006 .-- 873 p.
143. Mead, J. Asia // American Sociological Thought: Texts / J. Mead. - M .: Edition of the International University of Business and Management, 1996. S. 222-235.
144. Mikeshina, L. A. The peculiarity of the creation of abstractions and theories in the humanities / L. A. Mikeshina // Man. The science. Civilization. On the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Acad. V.S.Stepin. M .: Canon +, 2004 .-- S. 511 - 530.
145. Minyushev, F. I. Social anthropology / F. I. Minyushev. - M .: Academic project, 2004.270 p.
146. Mozheiko, M. A. McLuen / M. A. Mozheiko // World Encyclopedia. Philosophy XX century. M .: ACT; Minsk: Harvest, Contemporary Literary, 2002. - S. 438-439.
147. Mozdakov, A. Yu. The concept of security in classical and modern philosophy / A. Yu. Mozdakov // Problems of Philosophy, 2008. No. 4. - P. 18-25.
148. Moiseev, NN Information society: opportunities and reality / NN Moiseev // Polis, 1993. №11. - S. 6-14.
149. Mol, A. Sociodynamics of culture / A. Mol; per. from fr .; foreword B. V. Biryukova. M .: KomKniga, 2005 .-- 416 p.
150. Momjian, K. X. Society. Society. History / K. X. Momdzhyan. -M .: Nauka, 1994.-239 p.
151. Morozov, EI Introduction to the theory of social systems: textbook. allowance / EI Morozov. M .: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1992 .-- 284 p.
152. Nazarov, MM Mass communication and society. Introduction to research theory. - M .: Anti plus, 2003 .-- 428 p.
153. Nazarchuk, A. V. Ethics of a globalizing society. The trend and problems of globalization in the light of the socio-ethical concept of K.-O. Apel / A.V. Nazarchuk. M.: Directmedia Publishing, 2002 .-- 381 p.
154. Nasebit, D. Megatrends / D. Nasebit. M .: ACT: ZAO NPP "Ermak", 2003. - 380 p.
155. Nemirovsky, V. G. The universal paradigm in Russian sociology / V. G. Nemirovsky // Sociology on the threshold of the XXI century: The main directions of research. M .: RUSAKI, 1999.S. 80-105.
156. Nemirovsky, V. G. General sociology: textbook. allowance / V. G. Nemirovsky. Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2004 .-- 320 p.
157. Nisnevich, Y. A. Russia needs a national strategy of information development / Y. A. Nisnevich, D. S. Chereshkin // Inform
158. Courier communication, 2005. No. 7. - P. 76-79.
159. Novikov, DA Mechanisms of functioning of multilevel organizational systems / DA Novikov. M .: Fund "Problems of Management", 1999. - S. 60-67.
160. North, D. Institutions and economic growth: a historical introduction / D. North // THESIS. Theory and history of economic and social institutions in systems. - Issue. 2.M .: Nachala-Press, 1993. - S. 70-82.
161. Noel, E. Mass polls: An introduction to the method of demoscopy / E. Noel; per. with him. Moscow: Progress, 1978 .-- 382 p.
162. Oizerman, TI What is philosophy? / T.I. Oizerman // Man. The science. Civilization. On the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Acad. V.S.Stepin. -M .: Canon +, 2004.-S. 89-96.
163. About improving the legal regulation of election campaigning in the media. How to prevent abuse of freedom of speech during elections. -M .: State Duma, 2002 .-- 168 p.
164. Discussion of the draft law on mass media. M .: Inst-t of problems of information law, 2003. - 464 p.
165. Public examination. Anatomy of free speech. - M .: Nauka, 2000.824 p.
166. Oppenheim, C. New era heralds the end of the problems of information overload / C. Oppenheim // http://www.ci.ru/inform/2398/F 1
167. Ortega y Gasset, X. Revolt of the masses; per. with Spanish / X. Ortega y Gasset. M .: ACT, 2001 .-- 509 p.
168. Park, R. Human Ecology / R. Park // Theory of society. Fundamental problems. -M .: Kanon-press-c, 1999.S. 384-400.
169. Parsons, T. About the structure of social action / T. Parsons. - M .: Academic project, 2002.880 p.
170. Parsons, T. About social systems / T. Parsons. M .: Academic project, 2002 .-- 832 p.
171. Petrov, M. K. Language, sign, culture / M. K. Petrov. M .: Science. Main edition of oriental literature, 1991. - 328 p.
172. Pigrov, KS Social philosophy / KS Pigrov. SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg. University, 2005 .-- 296 p.
173. Pimenova, DV Information inequality in modern Russian society: socio-territorial aspect; author. dis. ... Cand. sociol. n. / D. V. Pimenova. Penza, 2007 .-- 24 p.
174. Pisachkin, V. A. Information space of society: structure, transformation and regional specificity / V. A. Pisachkin, I. E. Poverinov. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2005 .-- 186 p.
175. Pisachkin, V. A. Public Relations. Introduction to the specialty "Public Relations": textbook. allowance / V. A. Pisachkin, I. E. Poverinov. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2003 .-- 180 p.
176. Pisachkin, V. A. Sociology of living space / V. A. Pisachkin. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 1997 .-- 182 p.
177. Pisachkin, V. A. Regional security and the methodology of regional analytics / V. A. Pisachkin // Region: contours of security and development. Saransk, 2001 .-- S. 3-9.
178. Pisachkin, V. V. Intellectual property in the system of social relations and value orientations: author. diss. ... Cand. sociol. n. Saransk, 2003 .-- 20 p.
179. Plato. Selected Dialogues / Plato. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1965 .-- 714 p.
180. Plotinsky, Yu. M. Theoretical and empirical models of social processes: textbook. allowance / Yu. M. Plotinsky. - M .: Logos, 1998.-280 p.
181. Podoroga, V. A. Expression and meaning. Landscape worlds of philosophy: S. Kirkegaard, F. Nietzsche, M. Heidegger, M. Proust, F. Kafka / V. A. Podoroga. M .: Ad Marginem, 1995 .-- 427 p.
182. Poelueva, L. A. Mass media in the culture of transition / L. A. Poelueva. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2004. - 132 p.
183. Polyan, P. M., Territorial structures in science and practice / P. M. Polyan, A. I. Treivish. M .: Knowledge, 1988 .-- 46 p.
184. Popov, V. D. Social informationology and journalism / V. D. Popov. M .: RAGS, 2007 .-- 336 p.
185. Popov, V. D. Communicative codes of the image of power / V. D. Popov, E. S. Fedorov. M .: Publishing House "Cameron", 2004. - 72 p.
186. Popper, K. Poverty of Historicism / K. Popper. M .: Progress-VIA, 1993.- 187 p.
187. Popper, K. Open Society and Its Enemies. - T. 2: Time of false prophets: Hegel, Marx and other oracles / K. Popper. - M .: Phoenix: Intern. Fund "Cultural Initiative", 1992. - 528 p.
188. Pocheptsov, G. G. Communicative technologies of the XX century / G. G. Pocheptsov M .: Refl-Buk, K .: Vakler, 1999. - 346 p.
189. Prigogine, I. R. Time, chaos, quantum; per. from English / I.R. Prigogine, I. Stengers. Moscow: Progress, 1994 .-- 321 p.
190. Prigogine, I. R. Order from chaos. New dialogue between man and nature / I. R. Prigogine, I. Stengers. M .: Progress, 1986 .-- 432 p.
191. Prokhorov, EP Journalism and Democracy / EP Prokhorov. - M .: Publishing house RIP-holding, 2001.268 p.
192. Rakitov, AI A new approach to the relationship of history, information and culture: the example of Russia / AI Rakitov // Problems of Philosophy, 1994. - №4. S. 3-13.
193. Rakitov, A. I. Philosophy of the computer revolution / A. I. Rakitov. -M .: Politizdat, 1991.-287 p.
194. Rushkoff, D. Media Virus. How pop culture secretly affects your consciousness / D. Rushkoff. M .: UltraKultura, 2003 .-- 368 p.
195. Rezun, D. Ya. Can Russia Build an Open Society? (historical and cultural aspect) / D. Ya. Rezun. M .: IChP Magister Publishing House, 1997. 40 s.
196. Resnyanskaya, JI. N. The role of mass communication in social technologies of sustainable development / L. N. Resnyanskaya / Institute of Philosophy and Law. Novosibirsk, 1994 .-- 34 p.
197. Ritzer, J. Modern sociological theories / J. Ritzegr. - 5th ed. SPb .: Peter, 2002 .-- 668 p.
198. Rodin, A. V. Communication space of the region / A., v. Rodin // Regionology, 2008. No. 3. - S. 235-242.
199. Rodin, A. V. Power and social control in the communication space of Russia / A. V. Rodin // Power, 2009. No. 6. - P. 16-18.
200. Radcliffe-Brown, AR Structure and function in primitive society / AR Radcliffe-Brown. M .: Vostochnaya literatura, 2001 .-- 394 p.
201. Ryabova, M. E. Socialization of personality and text: methodological and socio-philosophical aspects / M. E. Ryabova. Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2003. - 152 p.
202. Ryabova, M. E. Socio-cultural interpretation of Russian crises / M. E. Ryabova // Russia and the modern world, 2007. No. 4 (57). - With. 158-163.
203. Ryabova, M. E. Man as a subject of increasingly complex communications // News of higher educational institutions. Volga region, 2008. - N "^ S. 50-57.
204. Ryabova, M. E. Man in the transitions between cultures // Man in the economy and other social environments. -M .: IP RAS, 2008.S. 109-135.
205. Ryabova, M. E. Philosophy and social philosophy: the transition to modernity // Proceedings. T. 2. - M .: New Chronograph, 2008. - S. 453-470.
206. Ryabova, M. E. Power and everyday life in modern Russia / M. E. Ryabova, N. S. Savkin // Power, 2009. No. 4. - P. 26-30.
207. Savkin, NS Man and society: problems of the theory of reproduction / NS Savkin. - Saransk: Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 1991 .-- 72 p.
208. Savkin, N. S. Social philosophy / N. S. Savkin. Saransk:
209. Publishing house of Mordovs. University, 2003.208 p.
210. Svechnikov, VS Social construction of virtual realities / B.C. Svechnikov. Saratov, 2003 .-- 123 p.
211. Skripnik, A. P. Ethics. Textbook / A.P. Skripnik. M .: ^ Project 2004 .-- 352 p.
212. Smirnov, A. N. Informatization of the education system and the information society / A. N. Smirnov // Fundamental and applied problems of regionology / Research Institute of Regionology at Mordsiv. un-those (Appendix No. 3 to the Zh. "Regionology") Saransk, 2003. - pp. 247-254.
213. Sokolov, A. V. General theory of social communication: manual / A. V. Sokolov. - SPb .: Publishing house of Mikhailov V.A., 2002.461 p.
214. Stepin, VS Formation of ideals and norms of post-non-classical science / V. S. Stepin // Problems of methodology of post-non-classical science ■ otv. ed. E. A. Mamchur. M .: IFRAN, 1992 .-- S. 3 - 16.
215. Stepin, VS Theoretical knowledge: Structure, historical evolution / VS Stepin. M .: Progress-Tradition, 2003 .-- 743 p.
216. Struk, EN Innovative education in an innovative era / EN Struk // Adler sociological readings. Collection of materials of the Republican conference. Almetyevsk, 2006 .-- S. 137-140.
217. Sukharev, AI Sociology of the region as a scientific direction / AI Sukharev // Fundamental and applied problems of regionology: collection of articles. scientific. Art. (Suppl. No. 3 to the Zh. "Regionology"). Saransk, 2003. - P.4-8.
218. Tikhonov, M. Yu. Information Society: Philosophical Problems of Science and Education Management / M. Yu. Tikhonov. ~ is / L .: IKAR, 1998.-312 p.
219. Toffler, E. Metamorphoses of Power. Knowledge, wealth and power on
Please note that the above scientific texts are posted for information and obtained by means of recognition of the original texts of dissertations (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.
Aza IoselianiAnthropology of the Global World: Man in the Modern Communication and Information Sphere
d. f. Sci., Professor, Moscow Financial University
under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Email:[email protected]
The article reveals the communicative essence of a person in a global innovative society, analyzes the forms of social adaptation of an individual to information reality, shows that the most important source and product of this adaptation are life values
and the ideals of man. The work pays special attention to freedom and the choice of the development strategy of the "information subject" in the new everyday life.
and the global Internet.
The article explores the communicative essence of an individual in innovative global society, analyzes the forms of individual social adaptation to the informational reality, and shows that individual’s life values and ideals are the major sources and products of his adaptation. Special attention is given to freedom and choice of strategy for an “information subject” in the new daily life and the global Internet network.
Trends in the development of modern anthropology and scientific thought touch on many problems of human existence in the global technogenic world. For us, the circle of problems is quite obvious, located at the intersection of post-industrial, globalizing civilization and transforming human nature, self-consciousness, mentality, values and ideals.
The scale of transformations in the modern world, including in nature, society and human thinking, has recently attracted a lot of attention from scientists and specialists and caused a flurry of publications [Mironov 2012; Malikova 2012; Lal 2011; Berger 2004; Chumakov 2005; 2006]. Today, each area of socio-humanitarian knowledge develops its own idea of globalization. Social, ontological, epistemological, historical-philosophical and other aspects of globalization are widely discussed.
The relevance of the issues and the acuteness of the problems associated with the aggravating anthropogenic pressure on nature, the global nature of transformations, the growth of contradictions of a different nature, made it necessary to analyze the civilizational shift.
The emergence of a postindustrial information society entailed a whole cascade of changes in the life of a person, and most importantly - in a person himself, subject operating in radically new living conditions, on the new level of communication... These changes are so profound and significant that we can talk about the birth of a qualitatively different, new subject of activity and communication... This, in fact, is the problem of a person's self-awareness in informational reality. Evaluation of the problem is impossible without referring to such an important layer of social reality and flexible universal ontological structure in the modern post-industrial world as everyday life. Introduction of the international web Internet in the everyday life of a person radically changes the forms and methods of everyday interpersonal communication and social adaptation. The study of informational adjustments in everyday life makes it possible to analyze and evaluate new cultural traditions, the content of innovations, the meaning of new material and spiritual realities of life and thereby reveal the features of the evolution of a person and the society that he created and in which he as a person functions.
A person in the global information society acquires such qualitative parameters, new features that he did not have in an industrial society.
Man is an active and communicative being, and it is these qualities that are of particular importance in the modern technogenic world.
The formation of a person in a global information society is a process of rethinking by an individual of structural constituents: goals, tasks, methods, meaning of transformation of the objective world, integration of familiar, non-networked means of communication with global information reality. The practical side of interaction with the new information reality allows us to approach a person as a subject of a qualitatively different interactive activity, a subject of action in the formation and development of global communicative social reality.
Human activity in the global information society has a certain, one might say, classical structure, which is of a successive nature. It consists of a chain: needs - motives - goals - conditions for achieving goals, on the one hand, and on the other, correlated with them: activity - actions - operations... This structure, of course, is characteristic not only of the information society, but in the global information society it acquires qualitatively new meanings.
The first chain of structure (needs - motives - goals - conditions) constitutes the content of human activity. This layer is an internal plan for the implementation of an activity, its image, this is what it is based on.
The second chain, the second layer (a separate activity - actions - operations) are structural elements, the implementation of an activity is the activity itself. Taken together, these two layers of activity make up its psychological content.
In activity, a third layer can also be distinguished: mutual transformations or transitions of its individual structural elements, for example, motive - into a goal and, accordingly, activity - into action, goals - into a condition for its implementation, etc. And this is already the dynamics of activity, its transformation.
As you know, one of the most important human needs is communication. In the global world, the satisfaction of this need occurs at a level, volume and speed that did not exist during the existence of civilization.
In the process of communication, the following types of communication and dialogue are most often encountered: phatic, informational, debatable and confessional.
The phatic type of communication is the exchange of speech statements solely to maintain a dialogue, conversation. In some cultures, phatic communication has the character of a ritual, since it gives the individual a sense of belonging to his fellow tribesmen.
Information dialogue is the exchange of information of a very different nature. Informative communication most often does not require reciprocal and all the more responsible actions on the part of the person to whom it is intended, and therefore carries a recommendatory principle. An example of such communication is the exchange of information on forums and blogs on the Internet. .
Discussion type of communication arises when different points of view collide, when differences appear in the interpretation of certain phenomena, facts, events, etc. Participants in the discussion influence each other, convince each other, strive to achieve the desired result. Discussion dialogue accompanies human communication in all spheres of life, since interaction in each of them usually requires the coordination of the individual efforts of opponents, which, as a rule, occurs during the discussion.
As for the confessional type of dialogue, it is the most confidential communication that occurs when a person seeks to express and share his deep feelings and experiences with another. This is, in fact, intimate communication based on mutual acceptance of individuals, on their sharing of common meanings and values of life.
The nature and prospects of changes in human activity and communication in the era of post-industrialism have acquired new qualitative parameters due to the globalization of the information component of civilization. Information has become the basic parameter of the post-industrial, globalizing civilization, and it becomes the second “I” for a person. If science and knowledge become the main resource for the development of sociality, then these same resources are applicable to the social individual. The introduction of the "gene" of scientific knowledge into every cell of the social organism through information technology leads to the possibility of creating a society based on knowledge. The share of “knowledge” in services is growing; intellectual assets become the main assets of each enterprise; the means of production from the subject area are gradually developing into the area of human relations, virtual reality appears, virtual being - a global computer network. As a result, a special information environment is emerging that integrates the spheres of communication, computing technology and information content, which in turn develop computer networks with deep and versatile connections within and between organizations. The work can be carried out regardless of the location of the subject of the activity. The network acquires the functions of a huge bank, a repository of information. Informatization, as AI Rakitov said at the end of the twentieth century, is “a process in which social, technological, economic, political and cultural mechanisms are not simply linked, but literally fused and fused together” [Rakitov 1991: 34].
The global network is the result of a revolution in the field of information technology, which created the material basis for the globalization of society, that is, the emergence of a new reality that is different from the previously existing reality. For the first time in the history of civilization, human thought directly acts as a productive force, and not just a specific element of the social-production system.
The information technology revolution is fundamentally different from its historical predecessors in that the previous technological revolutions remained on a limited territory for a long time, and new information technologies almost instantly cover the entire planet. At the same time, there are significant areas that are not included in the modern technological scheme. Moreover, the rate of technological diffusion and coverage is selective both socially and functionally. Different times of access to information innovations and technologies for people of countries and regions are becoming a critical source of inequality in the modern world, up to the exclusion of a number of regional, national and even continental communities from the world information system. The fact is that now no state or region can choose the pace, sequence or volume of connection to the global network, since the world powers will do it for them, without even consulting them.
With the introduction of the Internet into everyday life and its expansion, the forms and methods of everyday interpersonal and social communication are changing.
and adaptation, adjustments are made to traditions and culture, innovations arise, material and spiritual realities of life, new principles of life are formed, a different reality that accompanies the daily practical activities of people.
The World Wide Web, the globalization of communications in this network destroys social barriers, but at the same time, traditional forms of social ties are crumbling, giving way to non-systemic forms of everyday interpersonal communication.
The problem of the interconnection of people in everyday life takes on new features in the context of the theory of the Internet, forms of communication, virtual communities and social networks. The technosphere, global integration processes, the infosphere are those correlates that reformat the space of everyday experience, of human being.
The modern era of globalization differs from all previous historical eras in several essential features: Firstly, the growth of the world wide web of the Internet, the deployment and acceleration of scientific and technological progress; Secondly, the emergence of new social problems and the aggravation of human relations with people, with oneself, society and nature.
It is no longer a secret that the world wide web Internet affects absolutely all spheres of social life. Speaking about the social problems associated with the development of global innovative communication tools, we first of all pay attention to how the daily life of people and members of society is changing. The issues of communication, purchasing goods, work, education, services, obtaining information and much more are associated with entering the digital, virtual space.
In the XXI century. people enthusiastically discuss the advantages and capabilities of new computers, iPads, iPhones, programs and technologies that are developing incredibly quickly, and the problem of changing the social properties of the users themselves, their communities, the entire system of new social relations, which are based on innovative forms of electronic digital communication, today still remain outside the scope of serious social research.
In modern social philosophy, there is still no tradition of considering social transformations associated with the emergence of social networks, new electronic communities. Most often, the question is only about how changing techniques and technologies require new approaches and contribute to a change in the forms of working with them. But today, the study of another issue is becoming more and more urgent - about changes in the communication processes themselves and in social relations based on global information technologies. In other words, new technical and social environments and the introduction of new technologies are shaping a new social order and a new person.
An example of this order can be called the social network Internet, taken not as a metaphor, but as an everyday reality of a special type. Today, the number of users on the social network Facebook is about 500 million people in the world.
The concept of "social network Internet" in modern social cognition was introduced to denote the community of users of the Internet system . In this constantly growing global network, a specific type of communication takes place. The massive use of electronic means of communication (wired and wireless) leads to the most complex processes of transformation of society, the processes of changing everyday life and human activities. Consideration of virtual communities of users, analysis of the processes of social relations are possible within this network community. At the same time, the network community acts as a communicative and interactive partner for each of its members.
Philosophers, sociologists, researchers of modern society today talk about the media society as a fait accompli, which should be understood primarily as a reaction to the fact that a breakthrough in digital media has really taken place, a revolutionary effect. This phenomenon can be attributed to the first stage of revolutionary changes. The second stage is the level of the changed communication. We are talking not only about access to electronic information, knowledge and electronic space, but above all about the creation of an information network, the use of information carriers in the creation of communication links in society and the formation of an innovative type of cultural communication. This type of innovative communication can be called "cultural technique based on electronic media." And this is a completely different inter-active paradigm of communication.
The prerequisites for a new paradigm of interactive communication may be the emergence of networked, virtual communities, the improvement of interactive forms of communication, as well as the development of technical means and digital technologies that will lead to the disintegration of existing mass communication systems (for example, linear analogue means of communication).
Modern virtual communities can be imagined as self-organizing networks that arise and communicate with each other using communication technologies in their joint use. Such social networks, despite the constantly changing composition of their members, exist as fairly stable and permanent.
Integrative Internet communities that arise in communication networks also imply the presence of separate small communication networks that act as a technical basis for these communities. On this social segment and technical basis, numerous discussion groups arise, which have their own rules, guidelines, forms of communication. They are related to each other by a certain interest of a scientific, everyday, personal or other nature.
Theming of groups of participants expresses the fact of segmentation and differentiation of communicative Internet communities in the world network . These segments include, for example, users Email(Email), News Groups(news), IRC, ICQ, (real-time communication programs), Classmates,Facebook, Twitter etc.
All participants in these types of communication are united by common needs, and thus the common functions of the network of communicative partners are formed. At the beginning of communication on the Internet, participants in communication may have different interests, goals and objectives, as well as social status, but they are united by common needs.
The scale and volume of user associations on the Internet is growing very quickly . It is characteristic that the participants in such communication are hundreds or thousands of kilometers from each other, in different social systems and environments. However, this is not a hindrance to entering into relationships within the established new communicative space.
If we pay attention to the growth dynamics of the Internet community, it is only in Russia that it is expanding at an unprecedented rate (see the table below).
table
Growth dynamics of Internet users in Russia
|
Number of Internet users |
Percentage |
Source of statistics |
|
|
September 2012 |
PRIME-TASS |
||
|
December 2010 |
PRIME-TASS |
||
|
January 2005 |
|||
|
December 2001 |
|||
|
August 2000 |
|||
|
April 2000 |
|||
|
December 1999 |
|||
|
December 1998 |
|||
|
Russian Non-Profit |
|||
|
October 1997 |
Russian Non-Profit |
||
|
January 1997 |
Foreign broadcast |
Prime-tass forecast: the number of Internet users in Russia in 2014 will grow to 80 million people.
The table shows that in recent years the number of Internet users in Russia has increased from 200 thousand to 60 million. Public Opinion Foundation(FOM) has published data from a study by the Internet in Russia magazine, which has been conducted since the fall of 2002. The data of this study, obtained in the course of the latest FOM polls, relate to demography Runet as of January 2005, the absolute number of Internet users in Russia by the beginning of 2005 was, according to the FOM, 19 million 600 thousand people. This is 300 thousand more than last year's fall and twice as much as two years ago.
As the dynamics of the development of new social and communicative relations shows, the rate of expansion of the scale and volume of Internet communications not only in Russia, but also in the world (especially in developed countries) is incredibly accelerating and becoming massive. This fact alone speaks of the need to activate a deep, comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis of what is happening in modern society.
The study of the new social order, the study of modern social and communicative reality, which is taking shape in a separate area of social relations, makes it possible to make predictions in other areas of social development.
As you know, any social network surrounding a person consists of certain zones, spaces that differ from each other in their proximity to the "I". Each participant in the communication allocates for himself a zone that he feels the closest to. In this zone, people are united with whom the person most often meets and enters into the closest relationships.
This zone may include primarily family members and friends who support a person emotionally, are life partners, and also partners for free time. This social circle provides financial assistance, support in case of disaster and illness, etc.
If we draw parallels with the marked layer of the social network, the model of connecting partners on the Internet can be represented as follows: each participant has his own personal relationship to other people, his personal field of interconnection. A person can be in several such personal, friendly contacts. In another society, in another network, there are also relatives, friends, work colleagues and acquaintances.
Everyday life of a person in a modern, global information society takes place within the framework of contacts in microcosms that are taking shape at the place of residence, and in contacts with friends and relatives, who remain even at a considerable distance. In these direct contacts and surroundings, which constitute a person's personal resource, he can perform his communicative interactions.
Contacts of a person with friends in the virtual space, as well as the number of these contacts, change the structure of the personal social network itself.
It should be noted that the personal network reacts to changes in two ways: on the one hand, it increases in volume, but on the other, its density decreases. With the expansion of the personal Internet network, more and more rushes to its external borders. And at some stage, a situation arises when a person quite clearly perceives a certain zone, within which it is not entirely clear to him whether a member of his network who has reappeared in online-the community. In such cases, a person does not understand whether this participant in the communication process can be ranked as part of his corporate communication network.
This property of the personal Internet network makes it possible to assume that its internal structural lines, intersections of various segments will be more and more personified and individualized. It can also be assumed that interests, abilities and inclinations in various areas of the network will increase the relationship between participants in communication in a particular Internet network.
Qualitative and essential changes that occur on the basis of the creation of new, fast-growing communication networks lead to the transformation of traditional societies. Everyday life serves as the basis for cognitive relationships, interactions, new forms of communication and formats the parameters of those properties that the “new everyday life” possesses.
The formation of new types of everyday communication and a new social environment not only radically changes the social, economic, ethical aspects of human life and activities, but also causes profound changes in personal attitudes, needs and interests. The emerging personal and typological features also determine a complete restructuring of the psychological structure of a person's daily activities and attitudes towards others and oneself.
In the globalized world, the Internet has become a daily routine for the vast majority of the population. Appropriate methods of studying everyday life in a global society can be applied to this segment, on the assumption that the basic structures reflect the real specifics of the virtual community, built on communication mediated by the latest technical means.
Cable television and computer text, so characteristic of digital media, became the basis for raising the question of individualization of the media about 45 years ago. Sociologists, foreign and domestic scientists have posed a radical question: will the introduction of new communication networks, which is gaining large-scale, the rapid development of information technology and the massive supercomplex computer technologies, will lead to the transformation of the existing type of society into a qualitatively different, new type of community of people - "information society" ( O. Toffler), which more accurately than other definitions reflects the essence of the era?
O. Toffler opposes traditional large corporations with “small” forms of communities - individual activities at home, “electronic cottage”. These forms of new communities are elements of the general structure of the information society with its "info", "techno" and other spheres of human everyday life. A project of "global electronic civilization" is proposed, the fundamental basis of which is the synthesis of television, computer services and energy - "telecomputer energy" (J. Pelton).
The "computer revolution", a technical breakthrough are gradually leading to the replacement of traditional printing with "electronic books", changing the ideology, turning unemployment into secure leisure (H. Evans).
In the theory of the information society, profound social and political changes are understood as the result of the "microelectronic revolution". The prospects for the development of democracy are associated with the expansion and dissemination of information technology and technologies. E. Masuda argues that information technology is characterized by a revolutionary action that can lead to the replacement of classes by socially undifferentiated information communities. W. Dayzard believes that the implementation of the transition to the information society has already begun. He agrees with Toffler and Bell in recognizing the three-stage concept and focuses on the transformation of the last, "informational" stage in the development of civilization. Dizard notes that this transformation is directly dependent on the proliferation and expansion of the worldwide Internet. “Modern technology,” he writes, “offers us more communication and information resources than humanity has ever had. These resources are so great that it is obvious: we are entering a new era - the information age ”[Dizard 1986: 343-344].
The global social space of the Internet, as well as everyday communication in it, have their own specifics. The peculiarities of the Internet space and communication in it include such characteristics as: bodilessness of participants in the process of communication, anonymity and the ability to disguise themselves, place of localization, asynchronous communication in time, limitation of forms of self-expression by the content of the text, lack of subordination and the possibility of status interaction. All these features are certainly of a qualitative nature.
Let's consider the specified specifics of the Internet environment in more detail.
One of the most pronounced properties of communication in the global Internet is incorporeal interacting Internet partners, participants. In the networked space, interlocutors meet virtually, and they may never appear in front of each other in physical, real corporeality.
Modern high technologies, software products ( ICQ Pro, Trillian, Lite, Miranda, QIP, Skype, Same- Time, MSNmessenger and others), proposed by the Internet industry, provide opportunities for the transmission of video images and Internet telephony, however, in the virtual space of the Internet, there is no corporeality in the process of communication.
It should be noted that the disembodied form of communication has certain advantages. As positive aspects and psychological comfort in virtual communication, the absence of: Firstly, body pressure, Secondly, forms of bodily control by other participants and, third, certain social restrictions in the process of communication.
The second specific feature of the new social order of everyday communication in the virtual global network Internet is the ability to put on a mask and hide under it. Being under the mask in an imaginary space, a person can realize his real needs, chat anonymously online. You can communicate for a long time, hiding under a fictitious name, you can choose your gender, come up with an occupation, hide your age, etc. However, this factor can have negative tendencies and negative sides. For example, it can change the attitude of a person both to virtual partners and to himself, to affect the psychological mood. Can also develop psychological dependence on virtual communication. Modern medicine already finds similar signs in Internet addiction and drug addiction and equates them to each other.
The third feature of communication in the global Internet space is violation of the time frame of communication, that is, the asynchronous communication. Communication via email ( E- mail) and the world wide web ( WorldWideWeb) occurs asynchronously: the sender leaves the message at one time interval, while the addressee receives, reads and processes it at another time.
The fourth, rather pronounced specificity of everyday communication on the global Internet is the absence of any restrictions in the choice of the place of communication. The networked world of the Internet is not tied to any space. Communication on the Internet does not depend on the localization of the communication participants. The only form of limitation of the communicative sphere is the choice of communication points.
The fifth distinctive feature of everyday communication in the global virtual network Internet is a wide range of opportunities for exchange information. The text and its content are forms of human self-expression in a virtual environment.
And, finally, the sixth, important specificity of network communication is lack of status interaction... In the virtual environment of the Internet, the participants' assessment of their partners is carried out through the assessment of the content of the interaction.
Due to the fact that remote communication removes some social and psychological problems of a person, all the above-mentioned features of network communication in the study of social relations acquire great importance. Having become a modern means and method of everyday communication of people, Internet communications and their specific characteristics in the circles of researchers do not find an unambiguous assessment. According to many scientists, networking and virtual reality education can have negative social and psychological consequences, but this is a topic for a separate study.
The global Internet space creates a kind of communicative culture. In this culture, there are specific roles and personal relationships of partners, participants in interactions. Performing everyday roles and imparts a certain identity to those communicating in a particular network.
Communication on the global Internet can be viewed as a change not only in the text, but also in the flow of thoughts, a change in meanings and ideas. Language is a living organism, and as a "form of expression of thought" (VI Lenin) quickly and quite sensitively reacts to changes occurring in interactions. As a result, foreign words and expressions are introduced into the language, specific slang, concepts and terms creep in. And these phenomena interfere with the deciphering of texts and make it difficult to understand their contents.
Let us summarize all that has been said.
It can be concluded that the modern global information and communication sphere of the Internet - it is a special form of human interaction that can use traditional means of communication, but at the same time can build alternative systems and forms of information transfer, introduce new elements of the conceptual apparatus. At the same time, the noted forms and means of interaction simultaneously have a semantic load, since they cannot be only technical forms of communication.
The forms of communication inherent in the global Internet can be called intertextual. They allow us to judge the qualitative change in the relationship between the participants in communication. And this gives us the right to call relations in the global network "contextual", "contextual relationship", which implies the obligatory availability of accessible links, their exchange and use, as well as the presence of the corresponding text - link fillers. In our opinion, it would be correct to understand the Internet as electronic textuality. So, in modern society, the Internet network not only performs the function of the richest source of necessary information, but also turns into a unique means of professional, scientific communication, as well as a means of creating a community, the essence of which, in our opinion, adequately reflects the synthetic expression “media type of community ".
Interpersonal relationships evolving on the Internet - environment can be understood in two ways: as a relationship that is formed, on the one hand, between individuals, and on the other, between a person and a text, as well as between texts.
I would like to recall the words of Berdyaev, who assures us that “the soul-emotional element is fading away in modern civilization ... the heart cannot live in a metallic environment” [Berdyaev 1989: 156]. But modern man is no longer able to maintain life without placing technical means between himself and nature as a source of raw materials. According to J. Ortega y Gasset, technology serves as a means of adapting the environment to a person, and he is not able to reject the connection with it. However, a person is able to transform technology while maintaining his identity.
Jaspers, on the other hand, is sure that “the fate of a person depends on the way in which he subjugates the consequences of technical progress,<...>how a person who has submitted to technology will dominate it ”[Jaspers 1994: 221].
Literature
Berger P. The Many Faces of Globalization. M.: AspectPress, 2004.
Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine // Problems of Philosophy. 1989. No. 2. S. 147-162.
Globalistics: International Interdisciplinary Encyclopedic Dictionary / ed. I. I. Mazur, A. N. Chumakova. M .; SPb .; New York: Elima, Peter, 2006.
Daisard U. The onset of the information age // New technocratic wave in the West / ed. P. S. Gurevich. M.: Progress, 1986.
Quarterly magazine "Internet in Russia". 2005. Issue. 10.
Lal D. Praise of the Empire. Globalization and order. M.: New Publishing House, 2011.
Malikova N.R.Social dimension of globalization. M.: RGGU, 2012.
Mironov A.V. Technocratism - a vector of development of globalization. M.: Book on demand, 2012.
Rakitov A.I. Philosophy of the computer revolution. M.: Politizdat, 1991.
Chumakov A.N.Globalization. The contours of the whole world. M.: Prospect, 2005.
Chumakov A. N. Metaphysics of Globalization. Cultural and civilizational context. M.: Canon +, 2006.
Jaspers K. The meaning and purpose of history. M.: Republic, 1994.
The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the State Assignment of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation in 2013.
The information society is a futurological concept that considers the use of scientific, technical and other information to be the main factor of social development. The basis of the concept of the information society was laid by Z. Brzezinski, D. Bell, O. Toffler.
None of the philosophers who wrote about this problem doubted the radical renewal of the entire life of mankind within the framework of this new formation, but most of them analyzed the problem one-sidedly, whether from a political, economic or social point of view. This gave rise to a huge number of different names and definitions, about which W. Dysard says: “J. Lichtheim talks about post-bourgeois society, R. Dahrendorf - post-capitalist, A. Etzioni - post-modernist,
K. Boulding - post-civilization, G. Kahn - post-economic, S. Ahlstrom - post-Protestant,
Basic concepts: information, globalization, virtuality, mass media, rhizome, heterogeneity, information society, discourse, the power of language, communication, individuality, stratification.
1. The position of a person in modern society.
2. Prospects for the development of the information society.
3. Communicative theory of discourse by J. Habermas.
1. The well-known researcher of the problems of the information society, Professor V. Nikolaenko, identified the following assumptions characterizing the position of a modern person in the information society:
· People are interested in information. They are willing to spend time and money to obtain information on a wide variety of issues. It is essential for them, without information in the modern world it is impossible to live and work.
· People are ready to make their conclusions on various issues on the basis of information they have independently collected and analyzed. The basis of independent information activity is the attitude towards obtaining the truth about an event and the attitude towards rational behavior in general.
· Information is perceived by all people equally. The difference is associated not so much with cultures as with the people themselves (their education and other individual differences). If this is not so at the moment, then inevitably, in the long term, everything will be so.
Thinking about these assumptions, one should recognize the fact that a modern person finds himself in the space of digital technologies, therefore, information turns out to be the key concept for defining a person. Information is understood here not only as awareness or competence on a particular issue, but, first of all, as an opportunity for stratification of society and determining the position in it for a person. The one who owns the information, he owns the world, this situation becomes a reality for a modern person.
However, the paradox of the current state of affairs is the fact that information lives by the simulation of knowledge. And here it does not matter whether this information is true or not, only the speed of its presentation and the continuity of transmission are important. The mode of relevance forces us to bring what is happening as close as possible to information about what is happening. But, as modern analysts diagnose, at some stage the gap between the event and the description of the event becomes indistinguishable. “Reality dissolves into hyperreality” - this common formula also speaks of the fact that there is a total fusion of the body of the generating, transmitting and receiving information. A person becomes isolated in the world of secondary images, and any attempt to search for a referent directly or indirectly refers to mass media reality. One impersonal body is born, which is quickly disassembled and collected at information points.
In fact, it describes a very important process of changing the concept of human corporeality as such. In the modern information society, a person becomes nothing more than a translator and retransmitter of certain information flows, regardless of the content side of these flows. The question of the identity, self-consciousness or spiritual world of this "person" is relegated to the background. His ability to consume existing information flows comes to the fore, transforming them into flows of desire and thereby turning into a kind of “body without organs” (the term of J. Deleuze and F. Guattari), coexisting with other bodies of the same kind in the space of modern information technologies.
The information age, according to the popular futurist D. Bell, is based not on mechanical technology, but on "intellectual technology", which allows us to talk about a new principle of social organization and the characteristics of social change. Information needs a consistent chain to ensure accurate transmission and storage through an intermediary. The signs of the information age, according to Bell, are manifested today in the following: 1) the electronic revolution (which is now in transition to a digital super-revolution); 2) medial communication (a person is becoming more and more mediated by various means of mass communication); 3) global connectivity (which is manifested through the unprecedented development of information technology and the ability to access global information networks). More than any other development of these three marks the transition to the information age, with a new position and order of knowledge, as well as organizational forms for closely related information and communication.
A segmented, but at the same time tightly woven information network forms a “rhizomatic” user similar to itself: informational mobile, effortlessly grasping and distracting from itself fragments of information, as well as communicative with everyone. The "blockiness" of information breaks, respectively, a person's life into mechanically disassembled fragments, in a random set of which it is difficult to restore logical or emotional connections, surprisingly reminiscent of the Chinese encyclopedia of H.L. Borges. The ability to compose new combinations of signs, letters and words creates an information world that captivates with accessibility, in which “knowledge is what questions are asked about in television games” (J.-F. Lyotard).
2. In modern studies of the processes of formation of the information society, as a rule, the following characteristics are distinguished that describe the role and function of information in modern society:
· Availability of rare and special, that is, the respecification of expert knowledge, its removal from the space of professional functioning into the area accessible to all users without exception.
· The speed and efficiency of work with information, consisting in the almost instant appearance of the latter on the Internet (for example, the war in Iraq, the events in the former Yugoslavia) and the possibility of almost instant user access to it.
· Extreme plurality (heterogeneity) of existing positions, the coexistence of both official and many unofficial points of view on current events (such plurality is especially productive when covering socially ambiguous events).
It is believed that the key moment in the formation of the modern "information picture of the world" is education such as the Internet. This information network not only opened up new opportunities for human realization, but also predetermined the paths of human development as a species. In this regard, the problem of globalization acquires a new meaning. On the one hand, the Internet is a kind of manifestation of globalization processes, since it covers the whole world in a single information system. On the other hand, the Internet can be viewed as a challenge to world globalism, since it is not a state structure and is not subject to any public or political organization or association. The Internet turns out to be that space of information interaction for a modern person, which makes it possible to most accurately capture his desires and embody them at all levels of social organization.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the Internet in the process of organizing social structures. The possibility of disseminating information on the Internet leads not so much to the erosion of the existing divisions of humanity and the formation of new groups, for example, new, information-aware elites and ignorant outsiders, as to its consolidation. The most significant result of the manifestation of the Internet was the emergence of a new specialization among professional workers with information (several dozen professions have appeared that are directly related to the network and do not go beyond it). But this did not lead to a fundamental change in the attitude to information on the part of mass consumers. Active participation in information activities most often leads to the consolidation of existing social and professional groups in society, rather than their destruction and the formation of new groups based on the criterion of participation in information, but the opposite happened. The system of social inequality of modern society has received another criterion for its own implementation - the availability and possession of information, involvement in the structures that produce it (in particular, the Internet). The subjects of modern society continue to differ from each other in their involvement in the process of active production of information, the success of their actions directly depends on what place they occupy on the "information map" of the modern world.
The most important factor in limiting the assimilation of Internet information and its targeted filtering is the presence of group social interests. Modern sociologists diagnose the emergence of a new social community (more precisely, even communities) directly related to the Internet and emerging exclusively due to its structures. However, as the history of culture shows, individuality is not something given, originally inherent in man and restrained by the external repressive structures of society or culture. The development of social structures and the processes of differentiation in modern society incline us to understand individuality in two ways. On the one hand, individuality can be viewed as a kind of “super-system” quality of the subject, which can be a criterion for uniting people into groups or for creating social institutions (even if within the framework of some information system such as the Internet). On the other hand, individuality can be understood as a "field of communication", interaction and coordination of various interests, values, norms and rules. And in this regard, it is the need of people for communication ("information hunger", if you will) leads to the emergence of new information structures and the emergence of new channels of information exchange.
Thus, the problem of a person in the information society is the most urgent for study, and it is no coincidence that many modern studies are devoted to it. The complexity and ambiguity of this problem is associated, first of all, with the complexity and ambiguity of a person's position in the complex structure of modern society. A person finds himself in the space of intersection of many "lines of force", "fields of influence" (the terminology of P. Bourdieu), some of which are not visible to the naked eye as some objectively existing regularity, since they are purely virtual (informational) in nature. One of such system-forming factors in modern society is the Internet, which not only satisfies the "information hunger" of the individual, but also serves as a criterion for social stratification.
3. The communicative theory of discourse in general was developed by the prominent German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. He defines discourse as a form of reflexive "learning", during which theoretical and practical claims of an individual are thematized and problematized, accepted or rejected by other individuals on the basis of the existing system of argumentation. Discourse is characterized, first of all, by the presence of doubt and critical discussion of legitimized norms, knowledge and values, that is, various kinds of universals and often implicit assumptions on which a living, active consciousness is based. The discursiveness of a modern person is manifested in many different practices that he reproduces in his daily life. Some of these practices are expressions of his subjectivity, others serve to maintain the integrity of the social system.
Exploring the objective logic of the development of society, Habermas believes that the lack of social control over it will inevitably lead to a complete disintegration of people's spiritual ties, and sees a way out of this situation in the creation of new forms of unity. The challenge, however, is to build these “forms of unity” into already functioning institutions that ensure social identity and a consensus of collective beliefs. To solve this problem, Habermas introduces the concept of "collective communication". Putting public communication as a form of spiritual unification of people, Habermas opposes it to forms of "illusory unity" such as ideology or mythology. Critical reflection and theoretical reconstruction included in communication are designed to protect it from distortions caused by institutions of power and coercion.
A person can be free, and truly realize his true purpose only in communication, free from the distorting influences of power and society. The paradox of this situation is the fact that a person cannot completely free himself from the influence of society (regardless of the degree of his negativity or positivity), therefore he must cultivate such forms of "collective communication" that will allow him to realize his own subjectivity without prejudice to the realization of other people. At the same time, one should take into account both the multitude of conflicting social and individual interests and the initial “war of languages” or discourses trying to justify their own exclusivity and power over the individual.
Developing the ideas of Habermas, we can say that the thesis about the "war of languages" in modern society is not without grounds, because society has moved to a stage of development when the formation, for example, of political institutions increasingly depends not on directly forceful forms of political struggle, but on critical discussions and development of public opinion on a particular issue. The change in the institutions of total ideology by the institution of public opinion leads to the need to develop more subtle means of management, control and manipulation of public consciousness. However, this does not mean at all that the “discourse of power” is automatically replaced by “communicative discourse”. This process involves very deep and ambiguous social forces, the implementation of which depends on many factors. One thing is for sure, all these social processes are directly related to the "power of language", which manifests itself in the fact that politics becomes reasoning, discussion, communication. It is characteristic that feedback also acts: any reasoning, discussion, communication when entering the public sphere becomes a "political issue". All public discourses are in one way or another affected, or, as the French philosophers say, biased by the authorities. Power permeates all spheres of an individual's life without exception, and not least of all it is the power of language, which captures all new spaces in the modern information society.
In conclusion, we can say that a strange contradiction has developed: humanitarian knowledge, which considers the "life world" of the individual as its basis, loses its previous leading role in the formation of a person, and science, seemingly removed from the solution of life-meaning problems, plunged into the universe of mathematical abstract models , affects life on an immeasurably larger scale than before. At one time, realizing the difference between the world of science and the world of life, representatives of classical philosophy put forward the concept of "duality of truth", guaranteeing the peaceful coexistence of knowledge and faith, science and value consciousness. However, in the conditions of confrontation of spiritual and technical cultures, which can be observed in modern society, it is not enough "tactics of demarcation" or a simple delimitation of spheres of influence. It is necessary to look for communicative mechanisms for the implementation of their coexistence and interaction. Only thanks to an open dialogue can both the difference and the unity of humanitarian and natural science knowledge in the question of a person, in determining his position in the modern world, be realized in a new way.
Thus, the individuality of an individual should not only be recognized by the public as an unconditional value, but also should be formed as one of the sides of its development. Even revelations, confessions, public confessions of individuals (as certain "speech strategies" of the discursive realization of a personality) presuppose recognition from others and are written with this recognition in mind. On the other hand, these forms of individuality realization themselves are being improved as the social structure evolves and are formed within the framework of communication institutions. The internal connection of a person and society consists in the fact that it produces both individuality itself and intersubjective rules and norms of communication in society. And when analyzing the indicated processes, one should seriously consider the complexity and ambiguity of the ongoing changes, carefully monitor the change in speech strategies and discursive practices of modern society.
Questions for self-control
1. What is discourse from the point of view of J. Habermas?
2. How is the "power of language" manifested in modern society?
3. What is the essence of the communicative theory of discourse?
4. What are the main features of the modern information society?
5. What is globalization?
7. What is the specificity of the information environment of a modern person?
Angelica Kukharenko
With the emergence and rapid development of information and telecommunication technologies, with the growing popularity and spread of the Internet, information has organically entered all spheres of life in modern society. It has turned into a daily life resource of every person and, undoubtedly, has become an integral part and inevitable factor in the development of human civilization.
Social communications are the basis for the formation of a new social reality that mediates the life of society, creating conditions that provide instant access to the information and cognitive resource base of knowledge and the use of this knowledge in accordance with emerging needs. In the virtual space, communication takes on the character of audiovisual actions of people, regardless of their location. In society, this extends to the sphere of achieving agreement of the world perception, the perception of the surrounding world and, ultimately, to the formation of a unified attitude. Communication is carried out in all forms of social consciousness: science, art, religion, politics and law. But it becomes a cultural phenomenon only to the extent that its content expresses and reproduces the humanistic ability of a person to own the knowledge and sources he has achieved.
Interaction via the Internet today is one of the most widespread and massive forms of communication between subjects of screen culture. The modern user is attracted by interactivity, personal approach, instantaneousness, measurability (you can quickly assess the popularity of a particular publication), flexibility, interconnection (presence of hyperlinks). That is why the Internet media in a more convex form manifest such functions as communicative, social-organizational, as well as the functions of a forum and social participation. As a result, the feedback from the audience is widened and facilitated. Users have more rights to control content, up to participation in the process of creating it.
The media create an artificial communication environment in which information is disseminated in print or audiovisual form, interacts with the specific socio-cultural environment of a country or region, forming their constructive or destructive image in public consciousness. This image is replicated by the media both inside and outside the state, creating an aura of benevolent or ill-will towards him. From what has been said, it is clear that with the help of the media, stable public opinion and public sentiments are quickly formed, and if necessary, the established ones are broken and new stereotypes or standards of behavior are created. Since the media create and broadcast images that affect the attitudes and behavior of people, it is very important to carefully prepare the information and communication space for presentation and positioning, especially when it comes to the problems of humanistic upbringing and education. Humanistic education has as its goal the harmonious development of the individual and presupposes the humane nature of relations between the participants in the information and communication process. It can act in the form of broad social programs aimed at the benefit of a person. The problem is to correctly use the possibilities of modern means of communication, to protect oneself from the harmful effects of television and the Internet, to have critical thinking in relation to the mass media.
people's activities depend on their value choices and ethical and cultural identity, humanity remains civilizationally split. Therefore, attention to the inner essence and quality of communication, determined by humanistic criteria, is especially relevant for modern society. The purpose of this article is to outline general trends in the formation of humanistic values in the information and communication space, their essential influence on the axiosphere of society, social and personal development.
To achieve this goal, the most important tasks are:
Revealing, structuring and classification of humanistic values that are at the center of scientific discussions;
Determination of the possibility of their broadcast and presentation in the information and communication space.
Any society reproduces itself through the mechanisms of social interaction in the historical process. With the help of communication processes, society creates an information and communication space that is adequate to its culture, united by uniform forms of communication. Information processes here are the mechanisms of self-organization of such a space.
since modern information processes imply two-way communication, in which both the generator and the recipient of information have active roles that form this communication.
the personality of a person, his moral, humanistic and cultural values. It is generally accepted that the information age brings with it a new lifestyle, a new culture, spreading it to the most distant parts of the globe. International business communications serve the purposes of integrating individual business interests, contributing to the formation of institutions of business, science, education, politics and the convergence of cultures. On the other hand, information technology and purposefully organized information affect people's beliefs, their opinions and social moods. This can lead to negative processes - the creation of a simplified picture of the world and the formation of "imaginary worlds", the behavior in which can be unpredictable. At the same time, the process of informatization itself does not guarantee that communication channels will not be filled with dangerous, aggressive, extremist, corrupting information.
the norm also includes mass illiteracy (spelling and stylistic errors), simplifications, slang, and the use of obscene expressions. The general level of culture suffers, especially among adolescents and young people. The result is a reduction in vocabulary, the impossibility of an exact formulation of thoughts, the absence of one's own opinion, civic position. Based on the above problem, the information society is increasingly moving away from the social channel of human existence. The social space today is torn (not united), antisocial and inhuman, which characterizes it as deformed, closed and detrimental to humans.
spaces in order to form value social orientations and positive behavioral reactions of citizens. This would stimulate people to comprehend, analyze the events taking place in society, develop an active life position, realize the fate of an individual in solving the eternal and always topical issue of the meaning of life, orient young people towards intellectual and humanistic values, and form a healthy lifestyle. Compliance with the rules of information hygiene will lead to a deliberately chosen information lifestyle. In light of this, there should be a change in the behavior and value orientations of the individual, since "the information society is, first of all, not computers, but people enriched with information knowledge, consciously changing their way of life with the help of computers and other information technology." Therefore, it is necessary that the information system of the new society would provide a qualitatively new social space, which will be determined by the value, intellectual and personal information resources of each member of society. This will optimize the relationship between man and society, ensure the harmonization of social and technical space, create conditions for breaking stereotypes, and ensure the formation of humanistic life values and priorities.
elevation of needs, program, determine the semantic foundations of human life. The structure of humanistic values is a set of content components that are positive values in relation to oneself, in interpersonal interaction and in relation to the objective world. I would like to note that the problems of value norms of humanistic regulation of human activity are addressed in the studies of V.S.Barulin, O. G. Drobnitsky, P.P. Gaidenko, P.K. Grechko. The hierarchy of values is considered in the works of R. G. Apresyan, A. A. Huseynov about morality as an absolute value, which sets the starting point in the world of values and the world of values itself that is being established. This structure was analyzed by A. I. Kravchenko, M. L. Lezgina, J. Hull as a methodological base in order to identify the essence and structure of the phenomenon of "humanistic values". However, the problem of the formation of humanistic values and their classification has not yet been sufficiently developed, especially in the modern culture of social communications.
Scientists argue about what is truly valuable. Objectively valuable are: Freedom, Justice, Solidarity, Reformation; Humanism, Goodness, Happiness; Personality, People, Nation; Science, Art, Literature; Family and Health; Culture. In general, “the system of values is determined by the ethnic, ideological, religious priorities and preferences prevailing in a given ethnos; it is passed down from generation to generation through family education and schooling, literature and art, and the media. The system of values determines the attitude of people in the family, everyday life, at work, in the socio-political sphere of activity, in the field of scientific and technical creativity, as well as interaction between ethnic groups, nations, states, civilizations. " However, the most fundamental "universal human values" are higher than any perceived or declared interests of not only individuals, but also those or other social groups, ethnic groups or states. General human values (since they are associated with the spiritual sources that gave rise to them) cannot always be expressed rationally. They can be compared with the Moral Law, the Truth. But one can comprehend the truth or observe the Moral Law in different ways.
The system of universal values, as the core and quintessence of culture, "cements" and guarantees the unity of mankind. Thanks to universal human values, culture is a dialogical phenomenon; culture is a dialogue with the past, with other eras, with other people. Humanistic values constitute the totality of universal human moral qualities that form the life-meaning nucleus of the personality, which determines its attitude to the world and other people.
That is, the problem is not in the choice of universal (or their derivative - humanistic) values, but in their priority, in how adequately they are transmitted in the information and communication space. D. V. Khovald draws attention to the fact that the media allows you to see how the transmission of values and the positioning of interests is carried out in society. The method of coordination of value systems is described by Y. Habermas, the social mechanisms of the main spheres of society: aesthetic, ethical, religious. Optimization of the activities of communication structures and the media, as the most massive agents of the communication space, and their significant influence on the value component, can lead to the formation of value dominants in the mass consciousness. They are designed to meet the following humanistic goals and objectives and are of global importance for the life of all mankind:
Philosophical and worldview orientation of the individual in understanding the meaning of life, his place in the world, his uniqueness and value;
In the development of physical, spiritual inclinations and abilities, creative potential, as well as an awareness of responsibility for life creation;
The introduction of the individual to the system of cultural values, reflecting the wealth of universal and national culture and the development of his own attitude towards them;
Disclosure of universal norms of humanistic morality, their range and specific content (kindness, mutual understanding, mercy, sympathy, etc.) and the cultivation of intelligence as a significant personal parameter;
In the development of intellectual and moral freedom of the individual, the ability to make adequate self-assessments and assessments, self-regulation of behavior and activity, worldview reflection;
to preserve and develop the prestige, glory and wealth of the fatherland;
Development of ideas about a healthy lifestyle, the formation of concepts about life plans and prolonged aspirations for the realization of personal and social prospects.
One of the most effective ways to form the humanistic value orientations of the young generation is the study of media culture in the process of media education and upbringing. Media culture is viewed not only as a set of methods for processing information using a computer. It contains components associated with the culture of knowledge, translation and formation of a system of values, spirituality, self-development of the individual, acts as an effective factor in a person's assimilation of cultural reality, while presenting this reality itself as a value that has arisen as a result of culturally creative activity. The basic category of media culture is media text as the basis for the formation of a system of humanistic values, which includes the following aspects:
General human concepts (health, life, family, education, justice, equality, loyalty, hard work, etc.);
Personal values (native language and culture, love for a small homeland, attachment to one's team, belief in personal success, entrepreneurial spirit, freedom to choose a way of life, place of residence);
Collectivist ideas about solidarity, mutual assistance, internationalism, etc.
In the light of the humanistic worldview, the main sign of a value is the presence in it of qualities, properties beneficial to a person, the ability to use this value for the benefit of a person, or its ability to connect with the positive qualities of an individual. To do this, a person, like humanity as a whole, needs to reconsider his attitude to the outside world, bring as much good as possible into it, abandon a purely utilitarian, practical attitude towards others, breathe new life into fairly forgotten moral imperatives. Human life, individuality, its originality and uniqueness, creative potential have never been so highly appreciated as at the present time. And the ability of everyone to be included in a common friendly joint work, to reckon with the opinion and will of others, to establish harmonious, fruitful cooperation has never been so significant. Sincerity, honesty and decency; respect for human dignity, collectivism and friendship; solidarity, exultation and concern for happiness are becoming historically more valuable and demanded carriers and forms of humanism today.
Such an information and communication space should stimulate people to comprehend, analyze the events taking place in society, develop an active life position, encourage them to build their lives taking into account the interests of society, have the opportunities and conditions to fill the inner world of each person with valuable humanistic content.
subjects of a single communication space, constitute the primary need for the perceptual level in the SC channels. This is necessary for the further transmission of humanistic values in the channels of the middle class, their use in education, upbringing, and social management.
The solution of the problems considered in the article will not only ensure the development of the information and communication space, overcoming negative social and information phenomena that affect the safety of human consciousness, its development, and the survival of society as a whole, but also create a foundation for its modeling. In terms of conveying the meaning of humanistic values and value dominants, the forms of their transmission in the information and communication space, it is proposed to increase attention to the formation of the general media culture of the population, control media texts, especially those intended for the younger generation.
1. Ilganaeva V. A. Social communications (theory, methodology, activity): a dictionary-reference book. - Kh .: KP "City Printing House", 2009. - From 297.
2. Internet media: Theory and practice: A textbook for university students. / Ed. M. M. Lukina. - M .: Aspect Press, 2010 .-- 348s.
3. Andreeva, G. M. Social psychology [Text] / G. M. Andreeva. - M .: Aspect Press, 1996 .-- 376s.
4. Bell, D. The coming post-industrial society. The experience of conscious forecasting: trans. from English D. Bell. - M .: 1999 .-- 956s.
5. Kalandarov, K. Kh. Sustainable Development: Communicative Foundations (Philosophical Analysis) [Text] / K. Kh. Kalandarov. - M .: Humanitarian center "Monolith", 1999. - 271 p.
resource] - Access mode: www.kabbalah. info / forums Sistema –i, she chelovecheskih cennostei.doc.
7. Habermas J. Moral consciousness and communicative action. SPb .: Nauka, 2000.
8. Yuzvishin II Fundamentals of informationology / II Yuzvishin. Textbook. 3rd ed. rev. and add. - M .: Publishing house "Higher school", 2001. - 600 p.
Man is the main problem of philosophy.
Philosophy considers a person as a complex set of multidimensional universal characteristics. Philosophy concerns everything that can be associated with a person. When a person thinks and creates objects of the information world, then sooner or later there is a need to comprehend this phenomenon of a kind of human change of nature and himself. It was then that philosophy penetrates into the sphere of human information activity, poses various questions to him, including the expediency of such an activity.
Philosophical analysis of the processes of development of the information society involves the study and solution of a number of problems associated with the need to study a person to new information conditions. Among the problems of such a plan, in my opinion, first of all, one can single out structural and functional changes in the communicative space of modern civilization as a system and their influence on value orientations, motivation of human behavior and lifestyle in the context of modern sociocultural processes, as well as the search for new communicative forms of human adaptation. to modern informational conditions of life.
Informatization also brings with it destructive tendencies for the entire society; it rapidly intensifies the processes of destruction of local cultures. Thus, it can be noted that the current state of culture fixes the stage of its transition from the local to the international level.
The “crisis of culture” also records a sharp increase in the rate of destruction of old values, oppression of the time boundaries of this process, which contributes to the emergence of negative trends in the modern information, communication and cultural space.
One of the phenomena of the information society is the Internet, which is considered as a cultural phenomenon that was created at the end of the twentieth century. on the technological basis of the worldwide system of computer networks. The Internet is a variant of hypermedia, which synthetically combines both the content-articulating phenomena of multimedia (verbal text, video text, sound text, etc.), and the functionally articulated phenomenon of hypertext, a branched system of links (links) between texts and documents of multimedia based on a universal hypertext discourse (HTML) and standard address format (URL). In technical terms, it originates from the distributed (on the cancellation of local) computer network ARPAnet, created in the late 1960s by order of the US Department of Defense (ARPA), which demonstrated an effective method of communication, and the ability to combine into a single network of computers of different types and NSFnet, created in 1985 by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) to consolidate its computer centers.
If at the beginning of the existence of the Internet its capabilities (e-mail, file servers, information retrieval services) were used mainly in the administrative, military and scientific environment, then the emergence in 1993-1994. such information subsystem as WWW (from English - World Wide Web - "World Wide Web", concept author - T. Berners-Lee, 1990, European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva), that is, a worldwide distributed database of hypertext documents that provide maximum the availability of multimedia information for the user made the Internet one of the most significant socio-cultural phenomena of the late twentieth century. The functionality of the Internet is virtually limitless (instant messaging by email on a global scale, information dissemination and news servers, education and electronic science conferences, advertising and commerce, business and banking, access to cultural property through a kind of "virtual museum tours" and the entertainment industry, opportunities for individual self-expression through the creation of their own Web pages and communication via the Internet, etc.), due to which the spectrum of Internet users has become quite wide in absolute terms (the network connects millions of computers and hundreds of millions of people around the world).
The emergence in the context of the culture of the twentieth century. such a phenomenon as the Internet has led to the transformation of the modern cultural space.
The Internet permeates the modern socio-cultural space with the Internet (access to information, including independent news servers, on the one hand; and freedom of dissemination of information, including Web pages, on the other), which in social terms practically means an advanced democratization of society as a whole.
Information transparency of the social situation is becoming almost total, since: a) any user has the ability to access any information sites; b) the phenomenon of Web-cameras, which makes it possible to directly and freely observe the events that take place in the world, without comments and interpretations, opens up fundamentally new (inherently democratic) channels for informing the subject. Thirdly, the communicative opportunities that open up through the Internet not only expand the sphere of communication, but also significantly transform the phenomenon of communication in general in terms of content:
a) the possibilities of electronic communication not only remove the space, linguistic and formal barriers to communication, but also change the quality of communication as such (in a situation of social anonymity consciously chosen by the subject);
b) the phenomenon of electronic communication relieves the awkwardness of communication between people in cases of illness, disability, aesthetic trauma. According to psychologists, with direct dialogue between interlocutors, more than 80% of information is perceived through the visual analyzer.
Fourth, the Internet opens up unique opportunities not only for communicative, but also for creative self-realization of the individual (wide access to any sources and data, instant and wide presentation of individual theoretical or artistic activity, free self-expression, the possibility of individual Web pages).
Thus, the Internet is radically and multilaterally transforming the modern socio-cultural space - both in social and in its personal projections.
The reverse side of the positive transformations of the modern socio-cultural space associated with the Internet phenomenon is the spread of so-called computer crimes, that is, illegal actions, the instrument or object of which is a computer or a computer network. The Internet opens up the technical possibility of such illegal actions as: illegal activity in the field of software (the so-called "computer piracy"); unauthorized entry into a computer network for the purpose of destroying information (including the spread of software "viruses"); unauthorized access to confidential (private or corporate) information that opens up opportunities for its use - from changes in school grades to illegal access to bank deposits (so-called "hacking"); distribution of porn advertising and the like. At the same time, the Internet can be considered as one of the tools in the fight against crime, which is carried out through Interpol.
The information revolution covers economic activity, production of goods and services, penetrates into all spheres of life. The intensity of information flows, many times accelerates the global spread of knowledge and technical achievements, material and spiritual benefits, they should be considered as a new strategic resource of mankind. Unlike the scientific and technological revolutions of the past, the object of influence of the information revolution is not so much material production as human consciousness itself.
The information society penetrates our world, changing the idea of nature, the world and oneself. Moreover, informatization also affects changes in the very mechanisms of the formation of individual, group, social, planetary consciousness. The information society drags behind it a deep transformation of the entire system of social ties of the individual, it liberates the individual, frees it from rigid attachment to a certain environment, opens up new possibilities for choosing life strategies. At the same time, the formed information society objectively confronts the individual with the problem of internal self-determination, building his own hierarchy of identity in order to find his place in the new society without losing himself as a person.
