12:48 29.07.2016
UPS mental health management with the APS Smart-UPS 1000 (and calibration)
So, the background. At home there is a server, there is a computer of the wife and there is an old projector, the lamp of which can be very offended by a sudden power outage. Therefore, in the closet with the server, there is a fairly powerful uninterruptible power supply to which these three consumers are connected. His name is APC Smart-UPS 1000, model SUA1000I.
Everything would be fine, but one fine day the uninterruptible power supply was visited by a mental disorder ...
Yes, I agree, he still has a vidocq. And the general mess in the closet due to the inconvenient location of the north. I didn't think, I should have put it opposite the entrance.
Its power is 1000 VA or approximately 630 W (in the case of impulse consumers). Inside there are two batteries of 12V, 12A / h, which gives 288 W / h of capacity. In principle, there is enough power, but the operating time from the native batteries was not very good, plus they are old and operate at elevated temperatures (after all, south).
And as usual with uninterruptible power supplies, the last set of batteries he trite "puffed" (overheated during charging, up to deformation of the case). To increase the battery life, two 53A / h car batteries were purchased, with which the server could work confidently for several hours. And how much he kept a pure server ...
I mean, I used to hold it until I lost my mind.
Symptoms
I discovered this by accident. At first, he stopped normally holding a charge, when the light was turned off, he pulled even a purely server very little. I sinned on the batteries and the temperature in the pantry. But then it stopped even turning on, that is, it turned on, turned on self-testing (temporarily switched to batteries) and began to screech, flashing a lamp that needed to replace the batteries.When my hands got around to calibrating it, I ran into difficulties. In order. In general, I hooked up to the server (for information, it costs Centos 7) and started installing the necessary software.
Server Tuning
To begin with, apcupsd (a daemon for working with uninterruptible devices) was installed, its web-console apcupsd-cgi and httpd ( apache web server).# yum -y install httpd apcupsd apcupsd-cgi
After installation, you need to force the cgi scripts to execute, otherwise the web console will not be visible.
Go to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and fix it.
In chapter
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI(line 144)
This will enable the execution of CGI scripts.
If I remember correctly, cgi scripts will be executed by themselves; the Apache does not need to connect additional modules. Well, if anything - there are no descriptions in bulk.
Next, you need to drag the apcupsd-cgi scripts to the cgi-bin folder:
# ln -s / var / www / apcupsd / var / www / cgi-bin / apcupsd
This will create a symlink, and it was for this that symlinks had to be resolved in cgi-bin.
Now we need to fix /etc/apcupcd/apcupsd.conf. I didn't need to change anything for my uninterruptible power supply. the USB connection has already been configured. For other UPSs or connection options, you will need to configure accordingly.
After that, you can configure the launch and start services:
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl enable apcupsd
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl start apcupsd
Now you can open your browser and watch your own handiwork. Open the browser and go to the address http: //server-address/cgi-bin/apcupsd/multimon.cgi
It will show something like:
What I saw after launch
In general, setting up and running the whole thing, I broke off. For apcupsd could not establish a USB connection. I had to figure it out. Installed usbutils:# yum -y install usbutils
and looked at the lsusb output:
# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Opachki, no signs of an uninterruptible USB connected via USB. Replacing the cable did not work. Then I began to suspect something bad ...
I had to look for an alternative. Fortunately, there is an alarm connector through which the UPS can be attached to the com port. And the diagram is elementary:
You just need to find connector donors. When donors were found, a funny fact was revealed - this was the right cable, made a long time ago. And a worker.
I only had to prescribe that this is a cable of this model connected to the COM1 port (/ dev / ttyS0) in the file /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf:
UPSCABLE 940-0024C
UPSTYPE apcsmart
DEVICE / dev / ttyS0
After restarting the daemon ( systemctl restart apcupsd) managed to get to the uninterruptible power supply. It turned out that this is some kind of completely strange beast unknown to science - Smart - ??? 2 XL RM.
I had to turn off apcupsd and connect with the console, for which I need the utility screen(it's easiest for her).
# yum -y install screen
# systemctl stop apcupsd
# screen / dev / ttyS0 2400
That is, we install screen, stop the UPS service (so as not to climb into the console), and the last line turns on the virtual console connected to the UPS via the / dev / ttyS0 (com1) port at a speed of 2400 baud. The rest of the settings are standard (one stop, no parity, 8 bits), so we don't touch them.
Communication via the console is possible with text commands and can be carried out in two modes - just SMART (switched on by the Y signal, SM uninterruptible response), or in PROG mode, which allows you to change the settings (switch on - send two 1s with an interval of 3-4 seconds).
In short, when I started looking at the registers, I was horrified: the uninterruptible power supply did not know who he was, almost all the registers contained FF (all units), that is, there was complete amnesia on his face.
The most remarkable point is that the uninterruptible power supply thought that it was released for Canada (M at the end of the model), and contrary to all the descriptions in the net, I almost did not succeed in changing this parameter. But in order.
Treatment idea
So, the patient was diagnosed with "amnesia followed by an obsessive state", so many methods were tried for treatment. Two came up (well, or one and a half).The basic document for the treatment was this description of the commands:
apc -fix.com/?r=attach2&a=dl&id=198
The manual from apcupsd was also helpful:
http://www.apcupsd.org/manual/manual.pdf,
containing on page 54 information about the initial register settings for my UPS model (format changed to make it easier to read):
Model: SUA1000I
Register 4: 07
Register 5: B5
Register 6: 13
Register 0: BC
Firmware: 652.12.I
Registers 4-6 are responsible for some internal processes, I have not found a normal description of what they do. But register 0 is the initial state of the "quality" of the battery. If there is 00, then the uninterruptible power supply considers the battery clinically dead. The parameter is changed during operation by the UPS itself (during self-testing and during calibration), but when replacing the batteries, it should be written back, otherwise it will not be good.
So, I knew what to write, but to rewrite ...
In general, when I asked for the firmware version, I received a strange response " ???. 3.M". These numbers describe the properties of the uninterruptible power supply. The last letter is the region. And the letter M means that this unit is released for Canada. Questions are not displayed in this console encoding.
An analysis of the firmware version in the old format showed that this is generally a rack-mountable version for servers, and not the "separate" uninterruptible power supply that it really is. In general, the obsessive state in all its glory. Judging by the region, he considered himself Terence and Phillip in one bottle ...
The unpleasant moments here were:
- The uninterruptible power supply believed that it had four batteries (48V nominal voltage, the rack version), and not two. Wherein current charge batteries due to the reset ADC voltage control multiplier was at the maximum, and although the batteries were discharged at the same time, it showed their voltage at more than 55 volts;
- the output voltage according to the UPS was 208V (Canada, server version);
- the input voltage also, according to the UPS, differed from 220v in the outlet.
Treatment and its varieties
Since the patient considers himself to be a different person, why not create conditions for him to work normally? Does he consider himself a fish? So let us be convinced that the air is water and let us breathe this "water".The voltage in the outlet affects only the operation of the stabilizer and the moments of transition to the battery. Therefore, it is quite possible to correct it as needed for the existing version using the scale factor (through the settings).
Output voltage. Yes, let him give out as much as he wants. This will be remedied in part by the same scaling factor and also by the fact that the transformer inside, which provides the output voltage, is from the correct model.
The problem remains with the four batteries. But it's not a problem. We take the scale factor and change it so that 24V turns into 48. 2 lead-acid batteries are connected, which in support mode (used in an uninterruptible power supply to constantly maintain batteries in a charged state) require a voltage of 2.32 V per cell, that is, for a pair of batteries this is 2.32 * 6 * 2 = 27.84 V. This is at 20 degrees. And at higher or lower temperatures, the voltage must be reduced or increased by 0.025 V per degree. That is, for 27 degrees, it is necessary to provide about 17.6 V. In fact, a little more can be provided, just not to exceed 29.5 V, since the rapid evolution of hydrogen will begin.
We start the console and turn on the programming mode by pressing 1, waiting 4 seconds and pressing 1 again. We will receive the answer PROG.
To view the model number, send ^ A (that is, press Ctrl and without releasing press the Latin A). But in screen this ^ A is responsible for all sorts of settings, so there you need to press Ctr + A, release, press just A, without control (small a, no shift).
This action brought unimaginable nonsense to me. Moreover, I did not succeed in correcting the error by changing the UPS model (setting b).
But they managed to revive, and as a result, in two ways: to convince as it is and to conduct a session of electroshock therapy (erase memory), followed by psychotherapy.
We calibrate the battery (more precisely, the wrong number)
Let's try to fix the problem with the wrong number of batteries by correcting the measured voltage. The first step is to turn on the PROG mode. Launch the console, press 1, wait a little more than three seconds, press one again. Admiring the answer PROG.Press shift + b to send an uppercase B. In response, I get a number like 55.74 which I got (the multiplier was pushed to the maximum FF). This is the current measured voltage across the battery with the applied multiplier. With such readings, my uninterruptible power supply thought that the battery was charged at the most it could not and did not even try to recharge.
But the voltmeter showed 26 kopecks, which is very unpleasant. Therefore, my first task was to get the uninterruptible power supply to charge the batteries. That is, explain to him that now the voltage is less than the required one, and then ensure the correct charge voltage.
By the way, gel batteries of an uninterruptible power supply require less voltage, so we need to deceive the uninterruptible power supply and make it give out as much as we need, that is, assume that it produces LESS than it actually does.
So we hook a voltmeter in parallel with the batteries and start twisting the multiplier as follows: after pressing B, the reedless device reports the current measured value, and if the next symbols sent are + or -, then it will correct the multiplier (not so that directly by one here or there, but everything change), increasing or decreasing its value, which will be reflected in the measured battery voltage.
After pressing +, the bezopoynik answered 00 (which is FF + 1, there was a zero crossing) and I immediately heard the click of the relay and the hum of the converter providing battery power. Well, the voltage on the battery has crept up.
We press B, we look at the current voltage. I had something like 11 volts (the multiplier became 0), now we press alternately + (you can several times) and B and adjust the output to the one we need.
The voltmeter showed 26.63 V, so I tried to adjust pin B closer to 53.0 (this is doubled 26.5 V) so that the uninterruptible power supply would not force the battery, and at the same time was closer to the charging mode of batteries with a classic electrolyte, and not with gel (in their voltage is slightly less). When flying, you can send -, which will decrease the multiplier.
After charging the battery to a near full state, this multiplier should also be adjusted. to get 27.6-27.7 V on batteries, but no longer in spite of the readings of the measured voltage of the uninterruptible power supply. Well, it was checked a few more times later.
We register the initial settings.
First of all, you need to enter registers 0 (battery status) and 4, 5, 6. We press the corresponding number, sending it to the uninterruptible power supply, look at the answer and press + or - to get the desired value (see the required values above).In this state, the batteries are already being charged, but the rest of the parameters must be adjusted. Well, I managed to enter, adjust the voltages, transitions to one mode or another, start the server and, resigned to some confusion in the output, check the work.
Unfortunately, after bringing the uninterruptible power supply to a relatively working state, evaluating the connection with apcupsd, I came up with a brilliant idea - to knock out a wedge with a wedge - to conduct an electric shock, that is, to carry out full reset settings (command ^ Y). Therefore, I will describe the description of the settings for switching to batteries in the section of the second method of treatment, since I do not remember exactly the values that were entered into memory and what I wound him there for the first time.
Electroconvulsive therapy
So, there is nothing to lose, I figured out the commands, I even charged the batteries (mandatory). So why not try a full factory reset? Unless the fact is that I could not be 100% sure whether I will be able to reach the uninterruptible power supply after the reset at all.So if you want to repeat - you will do it at your own peril and risk, and most importantly - DO IT AFTER EATING, charging the uninterruptible power supply.
First of all, we prohibit the launch of apcupsd and turn off the server:
# systemctl disable apcupsd
# shudown now
After turning off, we switch the server to mains power, and select some known load for the uninterruptible power supply (a pair of 100 W, 220 V lamps, for example). Next, turn on the server (or another computer where you connect the UPS) and the load.
If you do not prohibit the launch of apcupsd, then after a reset, when the uninterruptible power supply falls into insanity, there is a chance that the server will shutdown itself. And in general, it interferes with the console for now.
Go to the console, launch screen, switch to PROG mode and reset the settings by pressing Ctrl and Y. Perhaps you need to press a couple of times. As a result, the uninterruptible device will answer OK and start a panic (fall into a coma).
He immediately passed out from me and refused to come to life, poking when pressing the power and chopping off after a split second. I had to completely disconnect from the mains and batteries, pick up the batteries, plug into the mains and press the power button and hold it. Then it can turn on and beep, or it may not turn on and be silent, the main thing now is to prescribe the multipliers for the batteries and the network. He thinks that there is no voltage at the input, the batteries are discharged and in general life has failed.
BUT. At least on batteries, with the power button brazenly pressed, you can talk to him, work
In the console, start the PROG mode and look at the version through ^ Aa and through b. After the reset, after the reset, it began to consider itself a Smart-UPS 500 type D, that is, for the US market. That is, nominally, the battery is 24v (as it is), but the mains voltage is 110v. That is, it did not work out much, but at least the batteries became correct. Although, of course, horseradish radish is not sweeter.
Mains voltage
So, we have an idiot on hand. It is necessary to teach him at least to eat independently, that is, it is necessary to ensure that he is switched on from the network. For which it is necessary at least to explain that it exists.You can view the nominal output voltage of the UPS by pressing o (small Latin O). He will respond with something like 110, 208, or 230, depending on gender identity.
Now about the voltage at the input. We press L, we get something like 210.7, that is, how many volts are now at the input of the UPS. After the reset, it was 000.0, that is, the network cannot be seen (the multiplier dropped to zero).
So far, we need it only for launch, that is, in the area of the nominal output. We press + and L alternately, (+ can be several times), trying to bring the UPS to the nominal for our model (or whatever he thinks there is). That is, in my case, up to 110v. The accuracy of the piano does not play, it will be needed later. Somewhere around 100 (measured voltage), in my case, the UPS switched from emergency mode to relatively normal, switching to mains power.
Now we press l (small L), we get the lowest transfer voltage to the batteries. I set l in myself, choosing the smallest value (I alternately pressed + and l until I determined the minimum and left it on the next cycle). I set 97 for my "pseudo-American". We remember this value, it will come in handy later.
We press u (small U), this is the maximum voltage of the transfer to the batteries (to protect the equipment from overvoltage). We look at what options are there (press + and u), leave the maximum (I have 133). We write it down.
Now we need to decide at what voltages the REAL switch to batteries should take place. Why do you need to know what is usually going on in your network. And then you yourself suffer, periodically recording the voltage in the network.
But most importantly, we need to decide what range we need approximately. For example, in my network there is often less than 200 V. Usually it is from 195 to 230 V. Less is rare, more is extremely rare, although there was 324 V in the outlet, there is even a photo.
So, there is a range of interest, there is a range =. We need to determine what multiplier to set in the voltage meter. We consider the coefficient a = 97/195 = 0.5 and b = 133/230 = 0.58. As you can see, there is a very "tasty" variant with a coefficient of 0.5, when the readings will differ from the real ones by exactly 2 times. It is only necessary to set the upper switching limit at 230 * 0.5 = 115v, although in fact modern devices will work fine at increased voltage. I lowered the threshold to 127v.
Next, we take a voltmeter, measure the voltage in the outlet and adjust the L readings to the desired one. For a factor of 0.5 and a voltage in an outlet of 210v, you need to get 210 * 0.5 = 105 in the readings. Press + or - and control by pressing L.
Batteries and Calibration
You can view the nominal battery voltage by pressing g. Before the reset it showed 48, after the reset it began to show 24.As already described, we adjust the battery voltage to a state slightly less than real. pressing B and +/- while controlling B. Well, only in in this case I could already prescribe real volts, and not doubled.
We register the initial settings
Registers 0, 4, 5, 6 - as described above. Do not forget about them, especially about 0, as this is the battery capacity factor, describes their "liveliness".
Correct display of load
This is where you need one or two (or even more) incandescent lamps. We load the uninterruptible power supply and see what it tells us about the load by sending it P (large Latin p).
I was initially told 000.0 since the multiplier had been reset. We press - and adjust to taste. I managed to get it to 032.1 with an FF multiplier for a load of about 280W (300W lamp at reduced mains voltage). This roughly corresponds to the nominal value, since for a 280 W lamp this is just about 320-350 VA, that is, a third of the nominal 1000 VA uninterruptible power supply).
Adjusting the remaining parameters
1) Processor software version, obtained by b. The guides on the net say that it can be changed by clicking + after that and typing new version... But for me, both before and after the reset, it took only 3 characters. I registered 652 and got model 652.3.D after a reset.2) UPS ID, obtained from c. Press + and write 8 characters of the new identifier. I just fit SUA1000I.
3) Threshold of power return after battery discharge, obtained by e, can take fixed values (00, 15, 50, 90), iterated over cyclically by +/-. Set 15 (actual value 01) so that after power-up it waits for 15% of the battery charge. Otherwise, if the light is turned off and the uninterruptible power supply turns off, having exhausted the charge, and then immediately after power is turned on, and the light is turned off again, there is a chance to get an emergency power off before the server is turned off, which does not benefit the hard drives ...
4) Serial number of the UPS, obtained by n. You can see it on the back of the UPS, under the model number:
I registered mine. By the way, the first two letters are the UPS model, the first two digits (03) are the year of production of the UPS.
5) Date of manufacture of the UPS, we get by m, press + and prescribe what we want. For example 01/01/03. Somehow in this format. Purely informational record.
6) The date of the last battery replacement, we get by x, is purely informational. Similarly, the date of production prescribed 01/01/15.
6) UPS sensitivity. obtained by s, cyclically switches +/-, possible H, M, L, A value(high, medium, low, auto, and I don't have A.) I set M.
7) The number of connected add. batteries, we get by>. Before the drop it was 255, which is quite funny. After there was 0, which I left.
Accurately calibrate battery voltage and runtime
We need to ensure that the charging voltage is correct. For this, before fully charging (until it shows 100% charge and even after that several times during a day or two), we monitor the battery voltage (send B in PROG mode) and correct the multiplier so that the voltage supplied by the UPS to the batteries does not exceed the selected maximum (remember, for my batteries this is 27.6 V). We do not look at the numbers returned by B, but we control the real voltage on the battery with a voltmeter and adjust the multiplier B accordingly.Remember that if the voltage on the battery is more than necessary, then press B, then + and wait for a while, and if less than necessary, then B and - and also wait a bit. The waiting time is the less, the closer the charge is to 100%.
To control the state of charge from the console, press f, we get something like 085.0 for 85% of the charge. I emphasize that this is the OPINION of the uninterruptible power supply and it will be correct only after CALIBRATION OF THE CAPACITY.
Tank calibration
For this we will need the light bulbs again. Ideally, half the power of the UPS. That is, for 1000 it would be necessary to add 400 watts of load. Although, in theory, 200 is enough.We close the communication console, for which we open a new terminal window and kill screen:
# killall screen
Screen in the adjacent terminal window will fly out to command line shouting:
Terminated
We launch the apctest utility, which, after some dullness and communication with the uninterruptible power supply, will display a menu:
# apctest
2016-07-22 16:19:55 apctest 3.14.12 (29 March 2014) redhat
Checking configuration ...
sharenet.type = Network & ShareUPS Disabled
cable.type = Custom Cable Smart
mode.type = APC Smart UPS (any)
Setting up the port ...
Doing prep_device () ...
You are using a SMART cable type, so I "m entering SMART test mode
Hello, this is the apcupsd Cable Test program.
This part of apctest is for testing Smart UPSes.
Please select the function you want to perform.
1) Query the UPS for all known values
2) Perform a Battery Runtime Calibration
3) Abort Battery Calibration
4) Monitor Battery Calibration progress
5) Program EEPROM
6) Enter TTY mode communicating with UPS
Q) Quit
A UPS from a well-known company was delivered to our laboratory for testing A merican P ower C onversion (further in the text of the article APC). The company was founded in 1981 by three engineers from the Laboratory of Electronic Energy Conversion Systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The first UPS was released in 1984, since then the company has been the market leader in uninterruptible power supplies. APC is headquartered in West Kingston, Rhode Island (USA). The enterprises are located in the USA, Ireland, Switzerland, the Philippines, China, India and Brazil. The number of employees of the company around the world is more than 5000 people. In our country, the company has representative offices in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. APC UPSs are known to be the benchmark for quality and reliability. Using our almost established testing methodology, we will try a "standard" against it and draw conclusions based on the results of instrumental testing. Description
The tested UPS belongs to the Back-UPS RS series, according to the manufacturer it is " High quality power protection with backup batteries for office computers " and " The best solution for areas with poor power quality and for applications requiring long battery life".
The manufacturer claims the following product characteristics:
Input voltage, frequency | 230 V nominal, 156-300 V allowed, |
Output (battery operation) voltage, frequency | 230 V / 50 Hz |
Automatic voltage regulator | provides operation without switching to a battery in the range of 175-285 V |
output power | 1000 VA / 600 Watt |
Output waveform | step approximation of a sine wave |
Time autonomous work battery 50% / 100% load | 5.9 / 16.6 minutes |
Function for starting equipment without connecting to the mains | |
Battery type, voltage and capacity | RBC32 - Maintenance Free Sealed Lead Acid Battery with Thickened Electrolyte |
Time to recharge batteries to 90% after discharge to half load shedding level. | |
Indicators | 4 multi-colored LEDs showing On Line |
Sound alarm | Signal for switching to battery mode, special signal for low battery power, the ability to set delays. |
Self-diagnosis | at startup and control by software |
Overload protection for mains operation | Continuous multi-pole noise filter: IEEE 0.5% residual voltage amplitude: Surge suppression without time delay: UL 1449 compliant. Power absorbed 180 Joules. |
Data line protection | Telephony protection, RJ-11 socket. |
Interface | |
Monitoring | software supports Windows 98 / ME / 2000 / XP |
Dimensions W × D × H | 86 x 333 x 371 mm |
Output connectors | 6 × IEC320 (Battery Backup) |
| Acoustic noise level at a distance of 1 meter from the surface of the device | |
| Heat dissipation in mains operation | 180 W / hour |
| Compliance with the requirements | A-tick, C-tick, CE, GOST, VDE |
Working conditions | not higher than 3000 meters |
The UPS is delivered in a regular cardboard box with dimensions 455 × 203 × 416 mm, the weight of the packed set is 11.82 Kg. Based on the sticker on the box, the tested UPS is made in India.
The delivery set includes:
- user manual
- warranty registration card with mailing envelope
- Postcard for PowerChute + for Windows 95 / NT **
- 2 sheets explaining the Lifetime Equipment Protection Program *
- supplementary leaflet for Macintosh users
- Quality Assurance Test sheet
- 2 cables for connecting equipment (IEC 320 connector)
- interface cable for communication with a PC (RS-232C)
- telephone cable RJ-11 (6P2C)
- two reusable cable ties
- stand for UPS tower
- PowerChute Personal Edition software CD **
- APC Information Center Companion CD
* - Lifetime Equipment Protection Program is a lifetime insurance policy for equipment protected by APC. In the event of damage to equipment through the network APC power supply undertakes to replace or repair it. The amount of insurance compensation reaches $ 200,000 for Australia, and 100,000 Euros for a number of European countries. Insurance conditions do not apply to the Russian market.
** - The supplied PowerChute Personal Edition v1.5 software is designed for Windows 98 / ME / 2000 / XP and MAC OS X 10.2 / 10.3. If you are using Windows NT or Windows 95, you must complete and submit a postcard. Within 8-10 weeks you will receive PowerChute + 5.2 and 5.0.2. Online registration will reduce the waiting time to 3-4 weeks.
All printed products are presented on English language... The instruction contains explanatory pictures for almost all points.
The quality of the package can be assessed as unsatisfactory. The absence of the Russian language in the instructions and the absence of a warranty card directly violates the law. The lack of a power cord does not allow you to check the product upon purchase. And if in the budget segment such an approach can be justified by savings, then the motivation of such a well-known UPS manufacturer in the middle and high price segment is not clear. Perhaps Russian distributors will invest in the translation of the instructions and their own warranty card. The manufacturer establishes a guarantee for its products for 2 years from the date of manufacture of the UPS. The date of issue is determined by the serial number. For Russia there is an additional paid guarantee for a period of 3 years. You can issue a warranty extension during the entire warranty period. The cost of the extended warranty depends on the services ordered.
The product has an original design that allows horizontal (2U height) and vertical positioning. In the presentation below, you can independently choose the desired angle and examine the UPS in detail.
The UPS enclosure is made entirely of plastic and consists of five parts - two sides, a back panel, a bezel and a battery cover. They are connected by means of grooves and 10 screws. Rear panel and the battery compartment cover at the bottom has plastic rims-legs. The quality of casting and plastic is very good, no bursts were found. The front panel contains the operating mode indicators, from top to bottom - On line (green), On battery (yellow), Overload and Replace battery (red). Recessed under the indicators to protect against accidental pressing Power button. The rear panel contains in the upper part - RJ-45 Data Port, ventilation grill. In the middle part there are separate groups of 2? RJ-11 and 2? RJ-45 sockets to protect the telephone line and the local network, respectively.
On the bottom there are 6 IEC320 battery connectors (4.3A total), 2 IEC320 connectors for non-emergency powered equipment (3.5A total), a power input connector and a reusable 10A automatic fuse.
The UPS contains a replacement battery cartridge manufactured by APC. Its capacity is 7 Ah, operating voltage is 24 V. The cartridge contains two CP 1270 batteries manufactured by the Chinese company Vision, a plastic adapter panel and a cable with an original connector.
It should be noted that the CP series battery is rated for a 20 hour discharge. With an hourly discharge mode, its capacity, according to the manufacturer, is only 4.56 Ah. Typical battery discharge time in UPS operation is 10-30 minutes. In this mode, the capacity will be less than 3.5 Ah. Battery life 200 cycles 20 hours 100% discharge. With a more intense discharge, the resource may be less. Another curious observation: the voltage difference across fully charged batteries was 0.2 V, increasing to 0.8 V with intense discharge. This indicates a wide variation in the quality of the batteries and the absence or ineffective selection of a "pair" of batteries in the cartridge.
The battery can be replaced by the user. The replacement procedure is described and shown in the pictures in the instructions. No tools are required for this, the battery compartment cover is snap-on and slides down easily. It should be noted that the UPS is shipped with the battery disconnected. Before use, remove the protective tape and connect the battery cartridge. Also noteworthy is the non-standard placement of batteries in the UPS case. Although the manufacturer does not indicate the operating position of the batteries, deviating from the standard (banks up) position may adversely affect battery life. The economic aspect is also important. A battery cartridge costs exactly double the price of a set of batteries themselves. With some dexterity, you can disassemble the cartridge and replace only the batteries.
All main electronics are housed on a single double-sided fiberglass PCB on the top of the UPS cabinet ... The battery compartment is separated from the electronics by a partition. The board itself and the installation of elements on it, at first glance, are of high quality, the correspondence of the elements is signed schematic diagram... Planar components are widely used. Installation of elements is one-sided. Some small elements are not soldered, but this does not apply to filters - all its elements, including the large choke, are in place.
The switching of the windings is carried out by a relay, the maximum switching current of which is 7 A at a voltage of 250 V, which in this case allows connecting a load with a maximum peak power of up to 1750 VA. The arrangement of the ventilation holes provides for active cooling of the power transistors and diodes. On the back wall there is a fan of the firm, model. Taking into account that the fan operates only in battery mode, this choice is quite justified. The fan has two speeds; it turns on at maximum speed when the load is over 50%.
The board contains a permanently powered secondary switching power supply 26 V, which powers the charging system and the control processor. It does not make any sounds during operation. Power transistors and diodes manufactured by the company. They are located on eight radiators with an area of 40 sq. Cm. Each radiator is a 6mm thick aluminum alloy plate with dimensions 50x55mm. Some elements are fixed with a spring clamp through an insulating plate.
A six-transistor inverter generates a two-step sine approximation. The inverter is made according to the high-frequency scheme, which allows to increase the efficiency and save on copper in the transformer. The power consumption of the UPS, when operating on battery power without load, was 9.5 watts. Each transistor has a power of 208 W and an operating temperature range of up to 150 ° Celsius. The type and quality of the generated signal at different loads is clearly visible on the oscillogram.
This lack of circuitry leads to increased power consumption, a decrease in efficiency and the appearance of electromagnetic interference at the UPS output in the range of 15-17 KHz.
The output voltage control unit (AVR) is made according to the autotransformer circuit. The transformation ratio with a decrease in voltage is 0.89, with an increase - 1.12. The UPS uses a Chinese autotransformer. Judging by the dimensions of the core (85 × 70 × 30 mm) and markings, its power is 430 W.
RJ-45 line protection is performed on separate printed circuit boards, separately for telephone and computer network... The boards are fixed on the back panel with plastic clips.
Unlike previously tested budget-priced UPSs, APC has implemented complete protection schemes in its product. Testing
The UPS under test is equipped with an AVR system - an automatic voltage regulator, sometimes called a stabilizer, that allows you to adjust (increase or decrease) the input voltage received from the mains without switching to battery power. The implementation of this module differs depending on the model and manufacturer, in this case the AVR has one step-down step (to normalize the overvoltage) and one step-up step (to normalize the undervoltage in the supply network). Hysteresis AVR 7-16V. The graph below illustrates how the AVR works.
In APC Back-UPS RS 1000 using the supplied software PowerChute has the ability to set the input voltage range during operation AVR systems... The voltage adjustment range is 188-208 and 252-272 V in 1 V steps. Unfortunately, due to the UPS failure, it was not possible to test the AVR at optimal settings. The above graph reflects AVR operation with settings (195-262V). The estimated optimal settings 208-244 V.
When the voltage in the supply network goes beyond the set range, the UPS switches to battery power, notifying the user about this by means of a sound signal. When switching to battery, the UPS emits a group of four short beeps every 40 seconds. The operation of the UPS with a battery discharged to a critical level is accompanied by a signal every second.
The transition time to the battery and the AVR response were determined from the oscillogram at a nominal load of 600 W. The transition time to battery power was 7 ms.
The autotransformer windings were switched over in 2 ms. Both oscillograms show moderate bounce of the relay contacts.
The UPS has been tested for battery life under various load levels. Synthetic tests were carried out with resistor loads of 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the UPS rating. The output voltage was measured with a digital multimeter. During operation without load, it was 214 V.
| Interest |
As you can see, in the entire range of loads, the UPS fits into GOST-13109-97 and outputs an average of 215 volts with a slight drop as the battery discharges. At full load, after 20 seconds, the battery discharge signal was triggered, and at a load of 60% or less, the reserve was only 30 seconds. This is definitely not enough to complete the job. operating system and applications. The recommended UPS load power according to the test results is no more than 500 W.
For testing under real load, a test computer with the following configuration was used:
In total, 5 variants of the test computer configuration were collected:
- Integrated SiS Mirage 400W PSU with Passive PFC: INET-SiS
- ATI X700 400W PSU with passive PFC: INET
- ATI X700 400W PSU with passive PFC: DIVX
- ATI X700 400W PSU with passive PFC: 3DM5
- ATI X700, 550W PSU with active PFC and auto-voltage: 3DM5-PFC
From left to right in the diagram:
INET-SiS- Configuration with built-in motherboard video adapter .. This configuration simulates a simple office work.
INET-. This configuration simulates simple office work.
DIVX- Play from hard disk HD movie Shrek (1280 × 720 × 24 × 1700 kbps video bitrate, AC3 track 384 kbps). Processor load 17-25%.
3DM5- We ran 3Dmark05 v1.1.0, 1024 × 768 test package in GT1 mode, which should simulate the work of a modern toy.
3DM5-PFC- Configuration with a 550 W power supply, active PFC, autovoltage 127-230 V. A test package 3Dmark05 v1.1.0, 1024 × 768 in GT1 mode was performed, which should simulate the operation of a modern toy.
Battery charging parameters are one of the most important factors affecting the life of the battery, and therefore the UPS itself. Despite the use of a battery cartridge and the presence of detailed instructions to replace the cartridge, this operation for an ordinary user may be the reason for contacting a service center. For the CP 1270 batteries used in the cartridge, the manufacturer has set a maximum charging current of 2.8 A. Considering the importance of the battery charging mode, two tests were carried out. In the first (yellow line), the UPS was discharged to a load of 100% (600 W) before automatic shutdown, in the second (red line) - after discharging to a load of 50% (300 W), the UPS was successively discharged to a lower load until the battery was completely discharged ...
It took 18 hours to recover the charge after deep discharge. It took more than a day to fully charge the battery, the charge current at the beginning was 400 mA. Within 14 hours, the charge current was 370 mA. It took another 10 hours to reach a charging current of 60 mA and a voltage of 26.9 V. After two days from the start of charging, the feeding current was 45 mA, at a voltage of 26.92 V. Recovery after an intense discharge took only 5 hours. Such a short recharging time of the battery is not a merit of the charging circuit, but a consequence of a two-fold drop in the battery capacity during an intensive discharge. You've probably already noticed the characteristic vertical stripes on the chart. This is a display that the UPS has been drawing power from the battery during charging. It is possible that interleaving charge-discharge is a specially applied technology, presumably for the desulfation of battery electrodes. Based on the measurement results, the charging circuit was found to be satisfactory. The disadvantages include a small charging current and a greatly underestimated final charge voltage. It is quite possible that this is done in an attempt to compensate for the high variation in battery quality. This leads to a long wait for the UPS to be ready after a deep discharge, and to an incomplete use of the battery capacity. On the plus side, we have a slight increase in battery life.
To test the cold start system, the UPS was connected to a load without utility power. The UPS has turned on at full rated load.
For communication with a computer, the UPS has a Data Port and an RJ-46-USB A cable. To test the communication interface with a PC, the UPS was connected to the USB port using the supplied cable. The UPS supports the Smart Battery standard, it was automatically detected in Windows XP, and the following devices appeared in the device manager:
User manual English
APC Smart-UPS® SC
2U rack / tower module
Uninterrupted power supply unit
990-1851D 03/2007
Introduction
APC Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Protects Equipment
from power outages, voltage drop in the network, short-term drop
voltage and surges of voltage and current. The UPS filters out disturbances in the mains supply and protects equipment from hazardous influences by isolating the equipment from the mains supply. The UPS provides uninterrupted power from the internal battery until utility power is restored to the proper level or the battery is discharged.
1: INSTALLATION Unpacking Caution: Read the safety instructions before installation.
Check the received UPS. If damage is found, notify the carrier and equipment supplier.
The packaging is recyclable; save it for reuse or dispose of appropriately.
Check the contents of the package:
Caution: The UPS is shipped with the battery disconnected.
The UPS documentation set includes:
Device documentation, safety instructions and warranty!
Commitment Smart-UPS® User Guides CD!
PowerChute Business Edition® CD!
Serial cable!
Rack mount kit!
230 V models: Two connecting cables!
UPS environment Vertical installation Note: Illustrations in this document may differ from actual equipment.
"# $% Mounting the UPS in a two-post rack" # Remove the battery bracket screws, remove the battery bracket and remove the battery.
$% Note: Additional information For a four-post rack mount kit, visit www.apc.com.
& Replace the battery, battery bracket "and tighten the screws.
2: COMMISSIONING Connect the equipment to the UPS Rear panels 110/120 V:
Note: Laser printer consumes a lot more power than other types of equipment and may overload the UPS.
Connect the UPS to the LAN (if applicable) Network Connectors Serial Modem Ports / Surge Suppression Ports to the LAN Phone / Fax Port of the Network Use only interface kits recommended by APC.
Use only the supplied cable to connect to the serial port. The standard serial cable is not compatible with the UPS.
The uninterruptible power supply has additional network surge suppression ports for modem / telephone / fax. Connect a single modem / phone / fax line to the RJ-11 IN connector on the back of the UPS to suppress modem / phone / fax line surges.
Use a telephone cable (not supplied) to connect a modem / telephone / fax to the OUT jack.
The uninterruptible power supply also has an optional LAN surge suppression function. Connect a 10 Base-T / 100 Base-Tx network cable to the RJ-45 IN connector on the back of the UPS to suppress LAN surges. To connect to the network OUT port, use network cable(not included).
Turning on the UPS
1. Plug the UPS into a 2-pole, 3-wire grounded receptacle only.
Avoid using extension cords. 110/120 V models: The power cord is connected to the UPS. Pin connector type NEMA 5-15P. 230V models: A power cord is supplied as standard with the UPS.
2. 110/120 V models: Verify correct wiring using the wiring fault LED located on the rear panel.
It will illuminate if the UPS is connected to an improperly wired utility power outlet (see Troubleshooting).
3. Turn on all connected equipment. To use the UPS as a master on / off switch, ensure that the power switches on all equipment connected to the UPS are set to the “ON” position.
4. Press the button on the front panel to turn on the UPS.
Note: The battery is fully charged in the first four hours of normal operation.
Full battery life should not be expected during this initial period. Check the battery life at www.apc.com.
5. For optimal protection computer systems Install PowerChute Business Edition management software for full access to UPS shutdown and alarm settings.
3: OPERATION
- & nbsp– & nbsp–
Replace Battery / The battery is disconnected or needs to be replaced.
Battery disconnected
- & nbsp– & nbsp–
5: STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE
Storage When you are not using the UPS, cover it and store it in a cool, dry place with a fully charged battery.In temperatures between –15 ° C and + 30 ° C, charge the UPS battery every six months.
In temperatures between +30 and +45 ° C, charge the UPS battery every three months.
Replacing the Battery UPS battery life depends on operating conditions and environmental conditions. Replace the battery every three years.
The UPS is easy to replace rechargeable batteries that are hot-swappable. Since replacing the battery is a safe operation and does not pose a shock hazard electric shock, the UPS battery can be replaced while energized without disconnecting the UPS and connected equipment from the mains supply. Contact your dealer or APC for information on replacement batteries (see Contact Information).
Note: When the battery is disconnected, the equipment protection against power outages is disabled.
To replace the battery, see the appropriate steps in Mounting the Uninterruptible Power Supply in a Rack.
Return the used battery to a recycling facility or APC in the packaging in which you received the new battery.
6: TROUBLESHOOTING AND TRANSPORTATION
AND MAINTENANCE
Follow the recommendations in the table below to solve minor problems with installing and operating the UPS. For more advanced troubleshooting, go to www.apc.com.PROBLEM AND / OR ITS SOLUTION
POSSIBLE REASON
UPS DOES NOT TURN ON
UPS not connected to Make sure the UPS power cable is securely connected to both utility power. parties.Battery not connected Make sure the battery is connected properly.
properly.
Mains voltage is too high Check that the UPS is receiving mains power by plugging in a table lamp. If the lamp is very dim, ask an electrician for low or missing.
check the voltage in the network.
UPS DOES NOT TURN OFF
Internal fault Do not try to use the UPS. Disconnect the UPS from utility power, disconnect the UPS. battery and send it in for repair immediately.UPS BEEPING TIME FROM TIME
UPS operating normally No action required. The UPS protects the connected equipment and beeps from accidental power outages.battery mode.
UPS DOES NOT SUPPLY BATTERY SUPPLY FOR DESIGNED TIME
The UPS battery has run out in Charge the battery. After extended interruptions in the power supply, the batteries need to be recharged recently. They wear out more quickly when the supply is interrupted by frequent use or when used at a higher power supply temperature or ratur. When the battery reaches the end of its specified life, it is recommended to replace it, even if the battery replacement required indicator. the battery is still off.POWER SUPPLY AND OVERLOAD LEDS FLASH ALTERNATELY
The UPS has been turned off in No action required. The UPS will turn on after PowerChute resumes. supplying electricity from the network.AC / BATTERY SUPPLY LEDs are blinking, OR LED is blinking
OVERLOAD Internal fault Do not attempt to use the UPS. Turn off the UPS, disconnect the UPS connector. The UPS is off. batteries and send them in for repair immediately.ALL LEDS ARE OFF WHILE THE UPS IS PLUGGED INTO A OUTLET
ELECTRIC NETWORKS
UPS is off or battery No action required. The UPS will start to function normally. Discharged due to the length of time after the mains supply has been restored and the battery has been insufficiently charged.electricity from the network.
PROBLEM AND / OR ITS SOLUTION
POSSIBLE REASON
OVERLOAD LED IS ON, UPS IS EMISSIONING A CONTINUOUS BEEP
SIGNAL UPS is overloaded. The connected equipment exceeds the maximum connected allowable value.the equipment is consuming The buzzer will continue to sound until power more than the overload is removed. To eliminate the overload, disconnect from the UPS, the UPS can supply. equipment that is not needed.
The UPS continues to supply power as long as it is connected to utility power and until its circuit breaker is tripped; in the event of a utility power interruption, the UPS will not supply battery power.
In the event of a prolonged overload in battery mode, the UPS will cut off power to protect against possible damage.
"CHANGE BATTERY / BATTERY DISCONNECTED" LIGHT
LED Indicator Check that the battery connectors are securely connected.flashes; a short beep will sound every two seconds to indicate that the battery has been disconnected.
The battery is discharged. Charge the battery for 24 hours. Then perform a self test. If the problem persists after charging the battery, replace the battery.
During self-test, the UPS emits short beeps for one minute and a fault is detected, the battery replacement indicator is on. Sound battery supply. signal resumes every five hours. To ensure that the battery needs replacing, charge the battery for 24 hours and then perform a self test. If the self-test is successful, the beeps will stop and the indicator will turn off.
WIRING WIRING INDICATOR ON REAR PANEL ON (MODEL ONLY
ON 110/120 V) the UPS is connected to the mains The indicator is triggered when the following violations are detected in the outlet with incorrect wiring: lack of grounding, the polarity of the completed phase and neutral wires is reversed, as well as an overload of the neutral circuit.electrical installation. Any wiring defects in the room must be corrected by a qualified electrician.
INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPED
The UPS is overloaded. Button Reduce the load on the UPS by disconnecting a piece of equipment. Flush the circuit breaker button on the circuit breaker.jumped out.
THE UPS IS OPERATING ON BATTERY WHILE MAINS VOLTAGE IS AVAILABLE
Input tripped To reduce the load on the UPS mains, disconnect the equipment and the circuit breaker, press the button of the circuit breaker.Mains supply is very high Connect the UPS to an outlet on a different circuit of high or very low mains. The use of voltage or cheap fuel generators can lead to such disruptions. If the connected to the UPS is severely distorted. the equipment can draw power with the available characteristics, reduce the UPS sensitivity level (see.
User configurable parameters).
OPERATING MODE INDICATOR
The indicator is off. The UPS is supplying power from battery or is off.The indicator flashes. The UPS is performing a self test.
Transport and service
Prepare your uninterruptible power supply for shipping:
Turn off and disconnect all equipment attached to the UPS. Turn off the UPS and unplug it from the wall outlet. Disconnect the battery.
Should the UPS need to be repaired, do not return it to the supplier.
Instead, take the following measures.
1. Review the Troubleshooting section for the most common problems.
2. If the problem persists, contact APC Technical Support by accessing the APC Web site at www.apc.com/support.
Prepare the following information: UPS model number, serial number and the date of purchase. If you call Technical Support, an APC technician will ask you to describe the problem and suggest a solution over the phone. If this cannot be resolved, the technician will provide you with a Return Material Authorization (RMA #) number.
If the UPS is under warranty, repairs are free.
3. Ship the UPS in the packaging in which you received it. If the original packaging is not available, go to www.apc.com/support for information on obtaining new packaging.
Pack the UPS securely to avoid damage in transit. Do not (use foam for packaging. The manufacturer's warranty does not apply to damage to the equipment during transportation.
Always DISCONNECT THE BATTERIES before shipping in accordance with (US Department of Transportation (DOT) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations. The battery pack (s) can be left in the UPS; you do not need to remove it (s).
4. Mark the RMA # on the outside of the package.
5. Send the UPS in a valuable parcel with prepaid shipping to the address indicated by the Technical Support Service.
Contact Information For US customers: Go to www.apc.com/support.
International Users: Go to www.apc.com, select your country from the list, and click the Support tab at the top of the page.
7: STANDARDS AND WARRANTY
110/120 V models This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. ...This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful wave interference in which case the user may be required to correct it at his own expense.
To maintain compliance with FCC Class A limits, only shielded signal cables should be used with this equipment.
230V models This product is a class A equipment. In a domestic environment, this equipment may cause radio interference. In this case, the user may be required to take measures to eliminate such interference.
Limited Warranty American Power Conversion (APC) warrants its products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship and is warranted for a period of two years from the date of purchase.
The company's obligations under this warranty are limited to repairing and replacing any defective product solely at the company's discretion. To obtain service under warranty, you must obtain a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) number from Technical Support. Products are returned with prepaid shipping costs with attachment brief description any faults found and confirmation of the date and place of purchase.
This warranty does not apply to equipment damaged by accident, neglect, or misuse, or if it has been changed or modified in any way. This warranty applies only to original purchasers who must correctly register the product within 10 days of purchase.
EXCEPT AS DESCRIBED, AMERICAN POWER CONVERSION DOES NOT
MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
WARRANTY OF MARKET COMPLIANCE AND WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR
USE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES. Some states do not allow limitation or exclusion of implied warranties; in this case, the foregoing limitations or exclusions may not apply to the purchaser.EXCEPT AS STATED ABOVE, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
APC IS NOT LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE USE OF THE DATA
OF THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES HAS BEEN REPORTED. In particular, APC is not responsible for any costs and expenses, such as loss of profit or income, equipment failure, inability to use equipment, loss of software, loss of information, replacement costs, third party claims, and others.APC, the APC logo, Smart-UPS, and PowerChute are registered trademarks of American Power Conversion Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
