Includes seven sequential operations to create a given image on a sheet of paper. This is a very interesting and technological process that can be divided into two main stages: drawing an image and fixing it. The first stage is associated with the operation of the cartridge, the second takes place in the fusing unit (oven). As a result, in a matter of seconds, on a white sheet of paper, we get the image of interest to us.

So what happens in such a short amount of time in the printer? Let's figure this out.

Charge

Remember that toner is a finely dispersed substance (5-30 microns), and its particles very easily take any electrical charge.

In the cartridge, the charge roller ensures that the negative charge is evenly transferred to the drum unit. This happens when the charge roller is pressed against the drum, and rotating in one direction (while uniformly imparting negative static charge to the drum), causes it to rotate in the other.

Thus, the surface of the drum has a negative charge evenly distributed over the area.

Exposure

In the next process, the future image is exposed on the drum.

This is due to the laser. When the laser beam hits the surface of the drum, it removes the negative charge in this place (the point becomes neutral charged). Thus, the laser beam forms the future image at the specified coordinates in the program. Exclusively in those places where it is needed.

So we get the exposed part of the image in the form of negatively charged dots on the surface of the drum.

Development

Next, toner is applied to the exposed image on the drum surface with an even thin layer using a developing roller. The toner particles take on a negative charge and form a future image on the drum surface.

Transfer

The next step is to transfer the negatively charged toner image from the drum unit onto a blank sheet of paper.

This is due to the contact of the transfer roller with the sheet of paper (the sheet passes between the transfer roller and the drum unit). The transfer roller has a high positive potential, whereby all negatively charged toner particles (as a formed image) are transferred to the sheet of paper.

Anchoring

The next step in laser printing is to fuse the toner image onto a sheet of paper in a fusing unit (in the fuser).

At its core, this is the process of "baking" on paper. The sheet with toner, passing between the thermal roll and the pressure roller, is subjected to thermal-pressure (temperature and pressure) treatment, as a result of which the toner is fixed on the sheet and becomes resistant to external mechanical influences.

In our picture you can see the thermal roller and the pressure roller. Thermoval is used in a number of laser-type printing machines. A halogen lamp is used inside the thermal shaft, which heats up (heating element).

There are other models of laser-type printing machines, where a thermal film is used instead of a thermal roller (as a heating element). The difference between the two is that the halogen heater takes longer to operate. It is worth noting the fact that devices with thermal film are very susceptible to mechanical influences from foreign objects (clips, staples from a stapler) on a sheet of paper. This is fraught with failure of the thermal film itself. She is very sensitive to damage.

Cleaning

Since during all this process on the surface of the drum remains a small amount of toner, a squeegee (cleaning blade) is installed in the cartridge to remove residual toner from the drum shaft.

While scrolling, the shaft is cleaned. Residual powder ends up in the waste toner box.

Removing charge

In the last step, the drum shaft contacts the charge roller. This leads to the fact that on the surface of the drum the "map" of negative charge is again aligned (up to this point, both negatively charged places and neutral charged ones remained on the surface - they were the projection of the image).

In this way, the charge roller again imparts an evenly distributed negative potential to the surface of the drum.

This ends the cycle of printing one sheet.

Conclusion

Thus, laser printing technology includes seven successive stages of transferring and fixing an image on paper. On modern machines, this process of printing one image on A4 paper takes only a few seconds.

When it replaces worn internal parts, such as a drum unit, a charge roller or a magnetic roller. These components are inside the cartridge and you can see them in the picture above. The wear and tear of these elements will significantly degrade the print quality.

A little about the history of laser printing

And finally, a little about the development of laser printing technology. Surprisingly, laser printing technology appeared earlier, for example, the same dot matrix printing technology. Chester Carlson invented a printing method called electrography in 1938. It was applied in copiers that time (60-70s of the last century).

The very development and creation of the first laser printer is prescribed by Gary Starkweather. He was an employee of Xerox. His idea was to use copier technology to create a printer.

In 1971, it first appeared first laser printer by Xerox. It was called the Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System. Serial production was launched later - in 1977.

In everyday life, laser and inkjet printers are popular. The printing principle of such devices is fundamentally different, which cannot but affect the operational features. In some cases, it is best to use laser products, while in others, inkjet products. However, it is possible to make the final choice in favor of this or that device only after considering the scheme of work.

Working principle of inkjet printing device

Still, it is an inkjet printer that is most often used at home. The principle of its printing is to form an image using liquid ink. They are transferred to the media through special nozzles located on the head. The number of these holes depends on the printer model. Usually their number ranges from 16-64 pieces.

Since the printing principle inkjet printer assumes the use of liquid ink, with prolonged downtime, they dry on the nozzles of the head. This requires cleaning the printing element, which implies additional consumption of dyes.

Such devices consist of the following components:

• supporting structure;
• power supply unit;
• print head;
• purification system;
• media feeding devices;
• control unit.

A color image is obtained by superimposing three base colors on top of each other. Black ink is often added to them so that it is possible to use devices for conventional printing of texts and black-and-white drawings, saving on color inks.

Basic inkjet technologies

Different models can have their own advantages and disadvantages. The printing principle of representatives of inkjet printers may also differ slightly depending on the technology used. The only difference is in the way the ink is transferred to solid media.

1. The piezoelectric method involves the formation of ink dots on paper using special devices that have a connection with the diaphragm. The electric field has a direct effect on the piezoelectric element, and it expands the tube to fill the capillary system. The main advantage lies in the flexible control of the droplet size, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality images with high resolution.
2. The bubble method involves heating elements directly in the nozzles. It is passed through them electricity... In the process of heating, gas bubbles are formed, which push the required portion of liquid ink through the holes. After the heater has cooled down, a fresh portion of the coloring matter enters through the nozzles. High quality is noted when lines are drawn in detail, but when printing solid areas, there may be slightly fuzzy spots.
3. The thermal jet method, as in the previous case, involves the use of a heating element. However, together with it, a special mechanism is used that allows for a faster injection of dyes. In this regard, the performance of the devices increases. The color palette of the resulting image is distinguished by contrast.

The ink used can have a different composition. Water-based ink contains a soluble dye and certain additives to adjust the viscosity. Their advantage lies in their low cost. Pigment ink is UV and humid resistant. Print quality in in this case less media dependent.

Using continuous ink supply

With the principle of printing an inkjet printer, everything became clear. Special cartridges are used to store the dyes. However, there is a special system that allows you to provide a continuous supply of ink in order to save. In this case, the capsule tanks are installed directly on the printhead.

The system is a set of containers connected by a silicone loop through which ink is supplied from donors to the main unit. Thanks to such a device, the constant presence of the original dyes in the print head is achieved. Many large format office appliances have a built-in ink delivery system that cannot be seen from the outside.

How the laser device works

A completely different branch of the development of printing devices is laser technology, with the help of which it is possible to achieve high-quality application of dyes on paper. The formation of symbols and images occurs due to the illumination of the beam of the elements of the device with photosensitivity. The resulting copies with text or graphic information are resistant to fading and abrasion.

Inkjet and laser printers have completely different printing principles. The colorants are toners, which can be transferred to solid media in three ways.

1. Using a two-component development system. The dye particles required for transfer to a special photosensitive drum cannot be fixed on a magnetic shaft without a special magnetic carrier charged by stirring.
2. With the use of one-component toner without additional additives. Particles of matter in this case are endowed with magnetic properties. Some devices may carry out electrostatic deposition. With this option, the toner does not need to be magnetized.
3. Using a factory blended two-component colorant.

Unlike an inkjet printer, the principle of printing a laser analogue is based on the construction of an image using a photographic method. The laser beam hits a special shaft, the surface of which is electrified due to impact ionization of the internal air.

Construction of laser devices

Laser printers succeed in obtaining high-quality printing due to technological peculiarities. They include the following elements.

1. Photodrum, which is a cylinder made of aluminum. It is treated with a light-sensitive material that tends to change its electrical resistance in the presence of light.
2. A magnetic roller is used to transfer toner from the reservoir directly to the drum or developing roller found in some modern printers.
3. The squeegee knife acts as a cleaning blade. It removes excess dye from the raster roller. It can be made of plastic, steel or fiberglass.
4. Waste toner hopper is made in the form of a container. This compartment can be located separately from the cartridge or with it. The filling speed of such a reservoir depends on the quality of the toner.
5. The laser unit is designed to create an invisible image on the surface of the drum by illuminating specific areas. The beam intensity can vary significantly.
6. The primary charge roller is made in the form of a metal rod covered with a rubber layer. This item allows you to ensure the uniformity of the negative charge.
7. Transfer tape is required for application intermediate result with color cartridges.
8. The development unit allows toner to be transferred directly onto an electrostatic image created on the surface of the photoconductive element.

Laser printing process

Not everyone fully understands the principle of printing laser printers from computer science courses. Inkjet devices work according to a simplified scheme, so there are no special questions about them. How does the laser printing process take place?

1. The photoconductive roller is charged first. An electric charge is evenly distributed over its surface by rotating the roller. The rotating rod system reduces stress and reduces the amount of ozone generated.
2. Laser scanning is in progress. At this moment, the charged surface of the shaft passes under the light beam. The laser hits only those places where the dye will be applied in the future.
3. Toner is being applied. The roller, which has a negative charge, transfers it to the toner. The dye from the hopper is attracted directly to the magnetic shaft, after which it comes into contact with the photoconductive element in those areas where a negative charge remains.
4. The transfer roller, in contact with the solid carrier, is no longer negative, but positive charge... Dye particles are electrostatically applied to the surface of the paper.
5. The toner dispersed throughout the media is cured by heat and applied pressure. The thermal chamber consists of two shafts between which the paper moves. The temperature is controlled by a special sensor. The colorant is melted and incorporated into the texture of the paper.

comparison table

It is suggested to take a look at the table to compare the properties of inkjet and laser printers, the printing principle of which is very different.

Parameters	Printer type
	Laser	Jet
Text printing
Acquisition of color images in the form of diagrams and graphs
Printing photos
Performance
Number of pages to print after replacing ink cartridges

Having considered briefly the principle of printing an inkjet printer, one cannot fail to note the peculiarities of operation.

1. Using the device less than once a week is not recommended to avoid drying out the ink.
2. It is necessary to purchase high quality dyes, otherwise the head can quickly become clogged.
3. The paper should be suitable and marked for inkjet printing.
4. It is required to keep the product clean, as dust leads to wear of moving parts.

Features of working with laser devices

The main advantage of laser printers is that there is no need for regular use. It can even be used once a month. This will not affect the quality of work or wear of parts. However, only original toner cartridges should be used, otherwise there is a high risk of damage to the device. In addition, third-party consumables may simply not work.

Before purchasing a device with many positive feedback, you need to know Additional information about the cost:

• Supplies;
• wearing parts;
• printouts of one page.

Sometimes it turns out that it is easier to get a new device than to replace any parts.

Final part

Having considered briefly the principle of printing inkjet and laser printers, you can draw certain conclusions about the acquisition of certain devices. However, the final choice will depend on what goals are pursued during operation. For printing large volumes of text information, it is more profitable to buy laser devices. If it is necessary to obtain high-quality photographs, then it is better to give preference to inkjet analogs.

Laser printers are widely used for printing documents in the office and at home. The high print quality and speed of work are due to the design features. In order to understand the principle of operation of the equipment, it is necessary to study the device in detail. It will not be possible to briefly consider this issue, but the more detailed we analyze everything, the clearer the answer will be.

A laser printer is based on the photoelectric principle of xerography. The design includes complex mechanisms and assemblies that can be divided into three main blocks.

1. It is based on the printing mechanism.
2. A controller with a raster processor is responsible for scanning.
3. Data exchange is carried out using an interface unit.

Elements of the printing mechanism:

• photoconductor with static charge that varies with lighting;
• laser and mirror system provide lighting of certain areas on the drum;
• an intermediate block necessary for transferring the image to the final medium;
• a toner storage and supply unit based on a cartridge;
• mechanisms for feeding paper from the tray to the print head;
• heating elements for developing the image on the sheet.

How the cartridge works

The cartridge consists of toner and drum. The chemical composition of toner is a particulate polymer material. Powders, depending on the manufacturer, differ in consistency and physical properties. Toner differs from ink in image quality, but care must be taken when handling it.

Important. For high-quality printing on a laser printer, it is necessary to change consumables on time. It is not recommended to refill cartridges with low-quality toner.

The drum is a cylinder with a photoconductive surface. A magnetic roller charges toner and a cleaning blade cleans up unused toner.

How does a laser printer work

The principle of operation of a laser printer is to create preview image on the drum and then transferring it to paper. A high-quality print is obtained by dotting dots on the drum using a laser and a system of mirrors. The principle of operation of a laser printer is based on the physical process of xerography.

To understand how the device prints, it is necessary to study in detail the stages and principle of operation of a laser printer:

1. Image processing and drum charging with charged particles.
2. Next comes the preliminary creation of the image.
3. The next step involves developing with toner.

Curing takes place using high temperatures. The design provides high quality printing and speed of operation. The technology is constantly evolving, offering new solutions.

Drum charge

In order to form a preview image, an electrical charge must be created on the surface of the drum. There may be positive and negative particles, depending on the printer model and design.

There are two ways to transfer charge:

• The coronator is a tungsten filament containing gold or platinum interspersed. Under the influence of voltage, an electric field is created, which is transferred to the drum. With this method, the quality of the printed material degrades over time.
• The charge roller is a roller with a layer of rubber or foam rubber applied to it. When interacting with the drum, electricity is transmitted. This method generates an undervoltage that extends the life of complex mechanisms.

Exposure

The process of creating a preliminary image on the drum unit is called exposure. There is a semiconductor coating on the surface of the drum, which, when exposed to light, begins to conduct current. Illumination comes from a thin laser beam and a sophisticated mirror system.

By given parameters the beam forms an image, removing the charge in the illuminated areas. Drawing or text is applied pointwise. The result is obtained on the surface from negatively charged particles. The drum rotates using stepper motor... Points are drawn around the entire circumference.

Development

The image is developed using toner and a magnetic roller. The mechanism is a metal tube with a magnetic core. By rotating, the toner is attracted to the shaft. The metering blade ensures that the paint is evenly distributed over the entire surface. The layer is formed by passing the toner through the gap between the blade and the drum.

Caution: The mechanism must be properly installed to avoid defects in the printed document. Excess toner results in dots and streaks.

The magnetic roller works cyclically. In the process, new particles are attracted, creating an image. Excess powder is discharged into a special container.

Transfer

The image is also transferred to the paper by means of a charge. Moving mechanisms feed the sheet from the tray to the drum unit, next to which there is a shaft for transferring the image. Toner particles are transferred to the paper in a circuitry due to static electricity. Excess paint goes back to the hopper. With the help of special elements, dust and small particles are removed from the surface of the sheet. Charge recovery after a whole cycle occurs with the help of a corotron. Then the process is repeated until the entire image is transferred onto the paper.

Anchoring

The next stage of printing on a laser printer is curing. This stage is necessary for the image to remain on the paper. When exposed to high temperatures, the toner begins to melt, which allows it to firmly adhere to the surface. When the sheet passes between the two rollers, heating occurs.

Reference. Depending on the model, the oven can heat the powder up to 200–350 ° C.

Heating type:

• Thermal film is used in inexpensive laser printers. It is highly susceptible to mechanical stress.
• Teflon construction heats the surface with a lamp. Reliable and durable construction.

Temperature control is carried out using a sensor. If the values ​​are exceeded, the device automatically turns off. To prevent the sheet from sticking to the drum, there is a separating mechanism at the exit. Subject to the basic rules of operation, these elements rarely fail.

Color print

Color laser printing is widely used to print quality images. Taking into account the fact that the printer creates a subtractive color model, it is possible to obtain any shade. It does this by absorbing and reflecting different light waves. With the introduction of black, the output is saturated colors... The laser printer consists of a large number modules and blocks that allow you to mix colors and transfer the image to the sheet. The models differ in technical characteristics and principle of operation.

What is the printing principle used in color laser printers?

Unlike a black and white printer, color equipment works differently. Before printing, the printer processes the image and splits it into monochrome. There are four primary colors in total: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. A separate compartment is provided for each of them. During the printing process, the shades are mixed. The models differ in design and principle of operation.

Color printing methods:

The color laser printer is a high-tech device. The product usually has its own processor and HDD. The technology of transferring the image to the intermediate section is widely used. The method allows you to extend the service life of the product, since there is no contact of the printing mechanism with the paper. Such devices are suitable for office and home use.

Laser printers are in great demand for office needs. This technique is also used for home. Excellent consumer qualities are due to the principle of operation of a laser printer. About this and also about design features device, its advantages and disadvantages will be discussed in this material.

The essence of laser printing technology

The printing process in a laser printer is based on the static-electricity dry ink technique invented in 1938. In the late 70s, a laser beam began to be used to automate the work in copying machines. After almost 20 years, technological improvements have made it possible to produce desktop laser devices.

In modern laser printers, as well as multifunction devices with a scanner and a copier, the image is formed by the method of photoelectric xerography and fixed by a special toner under the influence of heat, which is used to fill replaceable cartridges.

Structural elements of a laser printer

Regardless of the model, any laser printing machine has a modular design from the following parts:

• laser scanning module (printed circuit board);
• imaging unit (cartridge);
• paper feed unit;
• thermo unit.

The printed circuit board is a module protected by a cover, consisting of the following elements: a semiconductor laser with a focusing lens, a mirror rotating by a motor, a group of lenses guiding the laser beam, and a mirror.

Important! Generated printed circuit board the laser beam is directed into the imaging module - the cartridge.

Cartridge design feature

The design of a cartridge for a laser printer is a separate replaceable housing with elements inside, the purpose of which is not very clear for dummies. Among them:

• photosensitive drum;
• charging roller;
• squeegee for cleaning the photo layer from the remains of coloring particles;
• toner reservoir;
• magnetic shaft with a core;
• dosing powder dispenser, the so-called "Doctor";
• seal (removed when installed in the printer).

Unlike dot matrix and inkjet printers, in which the characters transmitted by the processor to the print head are reproduced on paper by means of an ink ribbon or ink drops, the printing process in a laser machine is multi-step. So, first there is a preliminary charge of the drum, then the exposure of the latent image with a laser, then the transfer of the print on paper, followed by its heat treatment.

Basic consumables

The main consumable material of laser printing equipment is a cartridge. After an important node has worn out, the user has three service options.

1. Buy new original copy for replacement, which is quite expensive.
2. Purchase Compatible a printed circuit board from a third-party manufacturer. This is an acceptable economy option.
3. Use the services of a service company specializing in the repair and maintenance of office equipment, the list of services of which includes restoration / refilling of cartridges... This is a super economical option. But after 3-4 fillings, the drum unit wears out, and you will have to use 1 or 2 options.

The process of forming a print on paper

When turned on, the machine is put into a state of readiness for the printing process. The internal elements of the printer start to move, the fuser heats up, which is accompanied by a sound characteristic of printing, but at this moment the laser beam does not turn on. Then the device dies down, and the indicator on its body lights up, signaling that it is ready for work. When the device receives a command to print a document, a multi-step process of forming a printed sheet is initiated.

On a note! Laser printing equipment for controlling the process of outputting an image on paper is supplied with a built-in processor. Also, many high-speed office models are equipped with built-in memory.

Drum charge

When the machine, ready for operation, receives a command to print, all the mechanisms responsible for this process are set in motion: a printed circuit board, a cartridge, paper feed. There is also a prepress preparation of the cartridge, during which photocharging is carried out - an electric charge is transmitted to the photosensitive elements of the drum when the rotating PCR roller touches. The latter gets recharged when the printer is turned on.

Depending on the manufacturer of the printing equipment and the toner it uses, the transferred charge can be negative or positive... Digital models of HP, Xerox, Canon, Ricoh, Samsung have a combination of toner and photocylinder charges - both are negative. Accordingly, Epson, Kyocera, Brother are both positive.

Exposure to a laser beam

In the second stage of image formation, a laser beam is switched on, through which exposure takes place. The focused laser beam is reflected from the mirror and hits the lens guide system, and then is sent to the desired location on the rotating photocylinder.

Important! The character line on the photosensitive layer is formed from illuminated individual dots, which are created by a sequentially redirected laser beam. Under its influence, the photo points lose their charge. Thus, the latent image of the page is formed from the neutral charged points.

Image development

The next stage is the application of toner, which consists of a dye with special charged additives. As a result of this procedure, an image is developed on the photosensitive layer. The process is as follows.

1. The magnetic roller, part of which is located in the filling compartment, attracts powder particles, and they are directed through the "Doctor" to the photosensitive drum in dosed portions.
2. From charged areas (not treated with a laser beam), particles are repelled and stick to the points that have lost their charge. This makes the latent image visible.

Printing on paper and fusing the image

When the drum comes in contact with paper that is being fed by the transfer roller with the opposite electric charge, the dye is attracted to the sheet forming an impression. Particles of paint are trapped by static electricity. The remaining toner grains in the drum are scrubbed with a squeegee into the waste bin.

The image is fixed by heating. The toner coated sheet is pulled between the pressure and heating elements. Under the influence of the oven, the coloring particles are fused into the structure of the paper... Once released, the ink solidifies quickly and the printed image is stable.

Upon completion of the process of forming the image on the paper sheet, drum photocharging is recovered by means of a charging roller, and then, in a cyclical manner, work continues on the printing of the following pages

Color laser technology

The basic principle of forming and obtaining a print on paper in color is identical to monochrome laser printing. To reproduce a multi-color picture, 4 images of different shades used in color printing are created and superimposed on each other: black, cyan, magenta and yellow.

On a note! A full-color picture can be created in one of two ways: by multi-pass or single-pass technology.

Multi-pass printing principle

When forming a color impression on a multi-pass principle, the printer is equipped with a revolver with 4 toner tanks. The technology also involves the use of an auxiliary carrier (belt), onto which an image of the same color is transferred in each pass. After forming all 4 multi-colored sketches, a full-color image from the transfer belt is printed on paper, and then the resulting print is fixed under the influence of heat. Multi-pass technology pretty slow, and it is used in budget models laser color printing machines.

Single pass imaging

In order for a full-color picture to be formed in one pass, the laser equipment is equipped with four color mechanisms working simultaneously in tandem version. Each of them has its own drum unit and toner tank with a dispenser. The paper is guided by a roller conveyor under each photosensitive element, where toner is transferred to it. The color picture formed in one pass is fixed when it is pulled along the heating element. One-pass printing cycle is equipped with high speed expensive models.

Pros and cons of laser printing

Laser office equipment is very popular, high-tech and efficient. Many users prefer it for such advantages:

• high productivity;
• great resource opportunities;
• low cost of printing;
• unpretentious maintenance;
• fast drying of the print;
• resistance of the sealed image to external influences(moisture, heat);
• low noise level during operation;
• long-term storage of toner, excluding ink drying;
• high printing speed, etc.

These are the main advantages of representatives of all price segments, thanks to which laser technology is in the lead in terms of demand.

but specifications laser output devices are not suitable for printing complex 3d graphics, photographs, gif files. Another disadvantage is the cost of the devices - the most affordable devices are 2-3 times more expensive than inkjets.

Briefly summarizing the above information, it should be noted that laser models of office equipment are in demand when you need to print a lot and quickly. However, this does not apply to photographic prints, since they are subject to increased requirements for color rendering, which laser devices cannot provide. More details about the technology of such printing can be found in the thematic video.

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It will be useful both in the office and at home. To decide whether you need such a device, you must first understand what this type of device is. "Laser" means that this type of printer prints with a laser and also works with dry ink.

The article will tell in more detail about how these devices are arranged, how they work, as well as about their main advantages and main disadvantages. All this will help you make the right decision.

Internal structure and mechanics

The photovoltaic part of xerography is the backbone of how the device works. What, what a laser printer is printed on the same principle. The devices are also arranged identically. Except that color devices have more cartridges. The table below shows the main nodes laser device as well as their components.

What the device consists of
Laser scanning unit	It is a lens and mirror system. Consists of:
	Semiconductor laser with a lens that focuses automatically.
	Mirrors and their groups, which are able to rotate, forming an image.
Image transfer unit	Its components are a toner cartridge and a roller, which is responsible for charge transfer. The cartridge is equipped with three basic elements for image transfer:
	1. a photocylinder;
	2. a shaft with a preliminary charge;
	3. A magnetic roller that interacts with the drum of the printer.
	The ability of the photocylinder to change its conductivity under the influence of light falling on it is especially important in this case. When the photocylinder is charged, it retains it for a long time; when illuminated, its resistance decreases, as a result of which the charge begins to drain from the surface and the necessary impression appears.
Image anchor knot	Responsible for fixing the image on paper. Fixation occurs due to the ability of the toner to melt at high temperatures and a heating element that facilitates this process.

How it works - 8 steps:

1. The heating piece melts the toner;
2. The melted powder clumps stick to the paper;
3. A scraper removes the remaining toner from the drum;
4. The drum is electrostatically processed and receives a charge (positive or negative);
5. With the help of mirrors, an image appears on the surface of the drum;
6. The drum moves along a magnetic roller, and the toner applies a picture to it;
7. The drum transfers the image to the paper by rolling over it;
8. rolled through the stove, thanks to which the image is fixed.

Toner

Toner is a consumable item. It is a dry powder (can be black or colored), which is the ink for laser printers. As already described above, it works like this: with the help of statics, it (powder) is transferred to a charged photodrum, due to which a picture appears. She is subsequently transferred to paper.

Each manufacturer produces an original one. Only with a proprietary dye, the company can guarantee the stable operation of the device. Such qualities as magnetism and dispersion are individual for dyes. The machines are manufactured with the expectation of using a specific toner. Filling the cartridge with alternative powder of dubious quality, the user runs the risk of disrupting the device's performance. If the required toner is not available, you can select a compatible option with identical properties.

Attention! Attempts to use incompatible products can lead to serious technical malfunctions. You can also lose warranty service.

Be aware that toner can be harmful to health while in powder form. It must not be allowed to enter the respiratory tract.

When refilling or removing excess substance, it is extremely important to observe the following precautions:

• use latex gloves;
• wear a respirator or medical mask on your face;
• work with the substance only in a well-ventilated area;
• it is recommended to use a special vacuum cleaner to remove excess toner.

Better yet, do not refill the cartridge yourself, but entrust this business to a professional. By contacting service center, you do not have to worry that toner will ruin your printer or harm your health.