Refrigerator breakdowns - a consequence of improper operation, incorrect installation or physical wear of technical nodes. Many modules are actually fixed independently, for example, change the thermostat or seal.

A more large-scale repair, say, the replacement of freon or the capillary system, it is worth trusting only to competent masters that will not just correctly establish the cause of the defect, but will be able to eliminate it using specialized equipment.

Refrigeration equipment - technique without which it is difficult to imagine life. If any of the listed malfunctions occurs, it is necessary to immediately repair the breakdown or contact a professional.

This article is universal, suitable for one-two-chamber, three-chamber models of foreign and Russian production: Hotpoint Ariston (Hotpoint Ariston), Ardo (Ardo), Beko (Beko), Bosch (Bosch), Candy (Candy), Daewoo (Daewo), Electrolux (Electrolux), Gorenje (Gone), Haier, (Hyer), Hansa (Hans), Hitachi (Hitachi), Indesit (Indesit), Liebherr (Liebher), LG (Alji), Nord (Nord), Polair (Poland), Pozis (watch), Sharp (Sharpe), Shivaki (Sivaki), Siemens (Siemens), Snaige (Snaig), Stinol (Stinol), Samsung (Samsung), Toshiba (Toshiba), Vestel (Mergel), Vestfrost (Westfrost), Whirlpool (Virpool), Zanussi (Zanussi), Elenberg (Elenberg), Birca, Yuryuzan, Atlant, Ooth Sviyaga, Ocean, Minsk.

Do not turn on

Do not turn on the refrigerator for several reasons:

• First of all it is worth checking the voltage on the network. It happens that the jump is occurring and knocks out the plugs, the RCD or machine in the distribution brush is turned off. To make sure that the electricity is, connect another equipment, hairdryer or vacuum cleaner into the socket.
• It is also recommended to inspect the network cable and fork - if they are damaged (multicolored veins, bare wires, traces of animal teeth), should be replaced by the wire independently or contact the electrician.
• button Turning on \\ shutdown does not work (placing, stuck or corotite);
• the thermostat broke - the module starts the motor in the compressor when the air temperature inside the chamber rises;
• compressor defects are the most expensive repairs, as in most cases the item is subject to replacing assembly.
• If the technique turns on, it works for a few seconds, and then the click is heard and it is turned off, the reason may be in the breakdown of the start relay.

Protect

The reasons why the refrigerator could flow with the formation of puddles on the floor, several.

1. Lovely covered doors or. Warm air flows into the slit, so condensate is formed and flows to the floor.
2. The drainage system of the freezer or the main compartment was clogged. They could get pieces of products, excess moisture in this case will accumulate inside the chamber and flow out.
3. Drain drainage disconnected. The problem usually occurs equipment.
4. The evaporator heater (only in the equipment with the NO Frost system) has failed.
5. Burned the container for collecting and evaporation of condensate.

Frost and frost arises

If snow coat appears on the walls of the freezer, and the refrigerator is not equipped with the NO Frost system, it may indicate that it has not been defected it for a long time.

Other reasons for the occurrence of a defect:

• overlap equipment products;
• compressor failure;
• breakage of the thermostat or the sensor temperature sensor;
• pollution of the capillary tube, it needs washing and refueling refrigerant;
• freon leak.

Does not frost and does not cool

If the refrigerator stopped frosting or cooling, it is possible to look for a cause in several technical nodes.

1. Incorrect temperatures on the thermostat. You can eliminate yourself, adjusting the parameters.
2. The thermostat breakdown, the part is to be replaced.
3. In the capacitor, pollution accumulated, because of which the passing freon does not cool the chamber to the desired indicators.
4. Wear sealer on the doors. The cooled air comes out of the chamber, and inside the warm.
5. Refrigerant leakage, arises due to the damage to the capillary system or tube.
6. The failure of the compressor is the part to be replaced.
7. The room may be too hot, which also leads to the emergence of such a breakdown. The technique is forbidden to establish near heat sources.

Motor runs without stopping

Under normal conditions, the refrigerator continuously operates for 12-20 minutes, then disconnected. If the technique works for a long time without breaks, it can soon break the compressor or burn the winding of the starter from overheating.

By primary reasons, breakdowns include:

• lovely adjacent doors because of the skew loop or wear, holes or cracks in the sealing gum. Often accompanied by a pisk or other sound alert that the door is not closed to the end;
• express freezing function is included. It is impossible to leave to work for a long time in such modes, since the equipment works for wear;
• the failure of the thermal sensor or thermostat;
• incorrect operation of the main control module, it must be reflashing or replaced;
• freon leakage - eliminate leaks and damage in the circuit, refueling;
• the broken compressor does not force the pressure into the system and the electromotor works in a cool.

Often the refrigerator works almost without stopping if there is too high temperature.

He is very noisy

A strong noise refrigerator can publish in the event that it is incorrectly installed. During the installation, it is worth tracing that the equipment stands on a solid flat surface. If the requirements are complied with, you need to look for a malfunction.

Main reasons:

• vehicle breakdown or difficulty of its work due to a thick layer of ice on the walls;
• incorrect installation of the compressor - during its work, it comes into contact with the tubes, which causes rattling;
• weakening compressor fasteners.

Light bulb does not burn

If the light bulb does not burn in the refrigerator, this may indicate the following faults.

1. The geek or magnetic switch broke (may blink the light in the chamber). When opening the door, the network closes, light appears inside the chamber.
2. Blocked light bulb.
3. Cartridge has failed or contacts.

Instructions for replacing the light bulb.

Accumulate water inside or under the bottom

Water under a container for vegetables or under the bottom of the refrigerator is not a reason for panic and searching for a new model. This is a breakdown that can be alone.

Among the causes of the malfunction:

• the drainage system of the freezer or the upper chamber clogged;
• the doors fit loosely, the warm air flows and condenses on the ice rear wall of the camera.

Read more about the problem you can learn from.

Nasty smell

An unpleasant smell from the refrigerator occurs for a number of reasons.

1. The drain hole clogged, for the removal of melt water.
2. The thermostat has failed, so the products began to deterue due to the incorrect temperature regime.
3. Wiring or electrical elements were closed, the smell of Gary appeared.

If a long-lasting trip is planned, the equipment is turned off, you need to open and clean well so that you do not appear.

Error or red indicator

Contemporary refrigerators have a symbol designation system - burns or flashes (sometimes accompanied by a pisk) a red indicator (exclamation mark) and an error code appears.

Common reasons:

• refrigerant leakage;
• compressor breakdowns;
• the failure of the thermostat;
• included automatic defrosting system;
• other malfunctions, full list in instruction manual.

Simple repair

In some cases, returning household appliances to the working state can after carrying out simple repair.

We change light bulbs

Replacing the blurred light bulb on a similar new one is a simple work for a professional. You can get acquainted with the instructions in, it describes in detail the procedure for removing the ceiling, how to unscrew the residues of the base and other nuances.

Clean the drainage system

During operation in the drainage system of the refrigerator, pollution appear - small pieces of products, fat, dust. To under the compartment for vegetables or under the bottom there is no moisture, it is worth regularly cleaning the drainage tube.

We replace the sealing gum

The seal wear appears as a result of non-accuracy operation, leads to a change in the temperature mode inside the compartments. You can learn from the replacement of this component.

Eliminate the rattling compressor

The resulting noise during the operation of the refrigerator may be a consequence of the improper operation of the compressor. The master must inspect the technique and reveal whether the engine with tubes and other mechanisms does not touch.

Outweigh and equalize the doors

For convenience, modern kitchen appliances are equipped with the possibility of outweighing the door. Such repairs will help to hold professionals, you can learn details from this.

We check the installation correctness

The refrigerator should stand on a solid and smooth surface. To make sure that the requirement is respected, you can use the construction level. The technique should not be fused and be overwhelmed to one side. In modern models, the legs are distinguished by the possibility of adjusting height, so you can eliminate irregularities. .

If a lot of ice in the freezer

The ice in the freezer may indicate that it is necessary to temporarily disable the technique, draw defrost, and then clean the unit thoroughly. About how such simple repair is performed, you can learn from.

More complex repairs

When a serious breakdown of the refrigerator arises, it is necessary to immediately contact the master. Timely reaction will prolong operational time and will help to avoid expensive repairs, for example, a compressor or refrigerant circulation system.

Replacing refrigerant

Freon leakage is one of the common breakdowns.

To resolve the problem, the master is necessary:

• using special equipment to find a leakage place;
• eliminate damage and check tightness;
• conduct refueling reservoir by Freon.

You can learn more about the repair of this type of this type.

Burned or buggy control board

Modern refrigerators are equipped with a control board. It is responsible for the operation of the display, support for the optimal temperature mode, turn on the light when the camera is opened, start the compressor and fan. Recovery of performance is usually in flashing the module, since, due to electricity surges, non-volatile memory is buggy and sometimes raises the data. If the board burned, a new part is established, the repair is not economically appropriate.

If the thermostat is broken

When the thermostat fails, it must be dismantled and in its place is similar.

Dispute evaporator

The evaporator defect is manifested in an increase in the temperature inside the refrigeration compartment, the occurrence of unpleasant odor and ice coats. The masters are searching for freon leakage, restore the tightness of the tubes and are carried out refueling the refrigerant. If the evaporator was worn out, it is subject to replacement.

Temperature sensor glitches

Eliminate incorrect operation of temperature sensors can be in several ways.

1. Consider a break in control circuit.
2. Eliminate oxidation effects (clean rust).
3. Restore the normal position of the sensors.
4. Replacing assembly, since the module is unrepretentious.

The temperature fuse burned down

The braceland of the temperature fuse may occur due to the fact that the dance of the evaporator plotting overheated. And in order to protect the household appliances from fire, the fuse broke the chain.

Ideally, check the detail resistance to the multimeter, or at least sound. If the circuit breaks down, the heating element is changed to a new one with the collection. You can try to "clutch", closed the chain with a suitable cross section, but how much will this design live and whether it is safe - there is no answer.

NOFROST. SYSTEMS

The fan performance is checked manually - carefully screw the blades if the impeller turns freely, check the electronic part. Sound the engine starter, if there is a break in the winding, change entirely. May fail the fool - this part is removed and check with the tester. If the resistance is nearing zero, then the item is considered good. In the case when both technical nodes work normally, it is necessary to replace the electromemer, it is not subject to repair.

Ice generator does not work

It is impossible to determine without diagnostics the cause of the ice generator failure.

The most common factors:

• low water pressure;
• i broke the intake valve;
• defective generator unit;
• the door switch is incorrect;
• you need to change the filter.

Compressor repair

The resuscitation of the compressor is one of the most expensive work.

Replacing the whole

In most cases, the compressor is repairing the repair, so it needs to be replaced. To do this, order a suitable model and install it yourself or call the wizard.

Problems with launchers

In the commission-protective relay can clarify the contacts, burn the winding of the electromagnets, and the spring plate will over time losing elasticity. Usually heard clicks, but nothing happens. If the item has not fully fails, repairs are repaired, contacts are connected or cleaned. The easiest way to throw out the old and buy a new one for 500-1000 rubles, and not spend a bunch of time in search of "phantom pains."

Cleaning thermal protective relay

If the thermal protection relay comes out of the order, the cycle of turning on and off the equipment is disturbed, the electric motor overheats. Repair is allowed if the rod is jammed. In the case when there is damage to the winding, the item is subject to replacement.

To work appliances without failures, it is worth following recommendations:

1. Drip-type refrigerators must be regularly defrosting.
2. The device must stand on a smooth and solid surface.
3. The upper and lower compartments should not overload with products.
4. It is forbidden to establish household equipment of this type next to heat sources.
5. The evaporator (the radiator on the back wall) must be protected from the possibilities of mechanical damage.
6. Transport the device must be carefully.

If household appliances are not equipped with the NO Frost system and it is necessary to draw a defrost, you need to wait until the ice melts on your own. It is impossible to pick it with sharp objects - there is a risk of damaging pipes with a refrigerant.

It is prohibited to put hot food - a violation of the temperature regime and the formation of a large amount of moisture will lead to serious damage. If the faults occurs, it is necessary to immediately contact the specialist: DIY repair can only be aggravated by the position.

Conclusion

Repair of refrigerators - complex activities that trusted professionals. First, they need to spend thorough diagnosis, reveal the cause of the breakdown and begin the necessary work. On time, a selected defect can not only get rid of the need for expensive intervention, but also significantly extend operational time.

Video

In fact, the editor-in-chief of the entire site, always in touch with the best authors. Adjustment and deduction, its work. Excellent connoisseur of your business. Magnificently disassembled in electronics technical nuances. Occasionally writes and postscript.

• published articles - 15
• readers - 3 179
• on the site since September 5, 2017

The refrigerators of the NO Frost system differ from refrigerators with a conventional cooling system by the fact that in the freezer they do not have a familiar evaporator in the form of a metal shelf or plate. The evaporator (it is usually one), which in such models it is more correct to call the air cooler, can be located in the upper or bottom of the freezer or the panel on the back wall of this chamber, and the refrigerator does not have its own evaporator.

Structurally, the air cooler in most models outwardly resembles a car radiator. The fan is installed behind it, which pumps the air from the freezer and refrigeration chambers. When passing through the evaporator, the air is cooled and through the channel system is sent to cooled products. At the same time, most of the cooled air enters the freezer, and the smaller - on the additional channel in the refrigerator.
The exceptions are frost free refrigerators, in the refrigeration chamber of which the evaporator is installed, and the cold air circulates only within the freezer. Contrary to the name of the NO Frost system ("without Ineu"), the innings are still formed - it is simply not visible, because It is formed on the evaporator closed. Periodic ski, after 8-16 hours, this Inay is poured by heating elements located on the evaporator or under it.
The temperature in the freezer is regulated by turning off the compressor when a certain temperature is reached in the freezer or in the aircraft, along which the cold air from the freezer enters the refrigeration. The temperature in the refrigerator is regulated by either a special flap installed in the airfolding chamber air channel (the flap may have manual control or controlling the thermostat), or by turning on-off the additional fan feeding the cold air from the freezer in the refrigerator.

Refrigerators Nofrost.

The evaporator is the coldest place of the refrigerator, his "Cold Pole". When the refrigerant boils inside the vapor tubes, the icy "fur coat" is growing on the outer surface of this heat exchanger - moisture from the air, which is filled with the freezer. Any hostess knows: the freezer door cannot be kept open for a long time, otherwise the warm air from the kitchen will fill the camera, and then the "fur coat" will become thicker, which means that the freezer will have to be dishonor.

In traditional refrigerators, the operation of thawing or defrosting is carried out once or twice a year, usually timing to clean the indoor refrigerator space. Machines with manual defrosting for this are simply disconnected from the power supply, leaving the outdoor freezer door. Here you need to take patience and give a crust of ice to melting myself, not putting into the course of knives, scrapers and other sharp guns - they will not damage the evaporator for a short time. If it does not lose at all, put a hot water saucepan into the freezer.

After the ice crust fell completely, you need to wash the inner surface of the chamber with warm water, wipe dry, ventilate an hour or other, close the door and turn on the refrigerator to the network.

A semi-automatic defrost refrigerator is only possible to periodically disable by pressing the sensor-relay button on the thermostat housing. It turns on, after the ice crust is melted on the evaporator.

In traditional refrigerators, the air inside the chamber moves extremely slowly: warmer and light portions rise up, cold and heavy fall down, obeying the laws of natural convection.

The appearance of coercive air circulation systems in the refrigerators (for this inside cameras there are special fans) allowed, first, to achieve a uniform air distribution in the volume of the chambers, the colds to the most secluded corners. Thanks to this, the refrigerators began to use aesthetic and easily washable shelves made of glass, which came to replace the former gratings. In fig. 3, where such shelves are shown, the holes of the air distribution system of the refrigerator are also visible.

Secondly, with the help of forced ventilation, a icy "fur coat" was able to defeat and completely get rid of the defrost operation. So in the refrigerators, the NO Frost system appeared, in which the air in the freezer is not formed.

More precisely, the ice "fur coat" was led out of the freezer, hiding the evaporator for its wall. It is there that the fan drives the air so that the moisture is frozen on the surface of the evaporator, and not on the wall of the chamber. The evaporator is equipped with an electric heating element, and the height of "fur coats" on it is under non-gravity control of the electronic refrigerator control system. Each 6-8 hours automatically turns on the heating, and the surface of the evaporator is freed from the allest ice crust.

Refrigerators with the NO Frost system there is one feature that should be borne in mind. By blowing products with air flows created in the cavity of the refrigerator, leads to their dehydration and tanning. Therefore, products in such a refrigerator should be stored in the package.

Most of the modern refrigerators are equipped with a NEF FROST system (no frost) - in the literal translation of "no uney". What is this system, what are the advantages, disadvantages? Being specialists by, we often face similar aggregates, and we have something to tell about them.

Animes is formed on the evaporator (freezer) due to the fact that moisture contained in the air and food products as a result of the temperature drop is assembled on the surface and freezes. In the old aggregates, the air through insufficiently compacted doors constantly flowed into the coldest compartment, the layer of frozen evaporation was impressive (up to several centimeters). With high relative humidity, large air penetration in the refrigerator, as well as the presence of non-covered products in it, evaporation and layer of ice increases, which is formed of them.

In an outdated compression device in order to wash it, a long defrost is required. It is well familiar to the owners of Soviet refrigerators. The thawing fluid has to wipe, substitute the tanks. All this is a time-consuming procedure.

Conclusion: In order for no wave on the walls, you need to get rid of excessive moisture. With this task, the NEO FROST system copes.

The dry frost system has become available to customers in 1957, it happened in America. The idea itself was first tested on the installations of a commercial nature, and already came to the house. Such technology has always had a special relevance in Asia with its wet climate, but received distribution worldwide. Frost FREE almost completely solves the problem of the alone.

Operating principle

Now there are 2 types of refrigerators: Low Frost ("drip thawing") and windy type.

"Drip thawing" is more close to the classic type. From time to time, the compressor stops, the temperature increases slightly, the snow covering pulls out and flows into a small hole at the bottom of the case, and then in a special reservoir, where the moisture is evaporated from.

In the second type apparatus, the evaporator with the refrigerant is beyond the limit of appearance - it is hidden behind the "trim", usually behind the coldest unit of the unit. It is a grid with a system of curved tubes and does not look like the traditional carrier of freon, but more like a car radiator. Products are not in contact with the evaporator.

Another difference is a fan that is also behind the rear wall, behind the evaporator, and provides a permanent circulation of air passing through the cooling radiator. Asian manufacturers provide a dry defrost system with both chambers, as it is ideal for local buyers, therefore, in most cases, the refrigeration compartment, and the freezer, and the freezer are also equipped in the LG NU FROST refrigerators. European plants are often limited to windy defrost only in the freezer.

For a constant blowing in the walls there are small holes, evenly distributed through the inner space. If you bring your hand to such a hole during the fan operation, you can feel a weak stream of cool air. With the open door, blowing slows down.

For the main control of air supply, there are more channels, one for each camera. It is with the help of their overlap and set temperature mode.

The lack of direct contact of the products with the evaporator and the constant circulation of cold air, which "takes" moisture - it does not accumulate and does not merge on the walls - and allows you to do without snow coats in the inner space.

Manufacturers come up with ever new ways of passing cold air through channels for more efficient device operation.

Most often in such systems, the freezer, and with it the evaporator and the fan are located below. The cooled flows rise across the cavities inside the rear wall and are descended from above. This is a "air shower".

There is an option with the distribution of ventilation on the door and walls, in which there are additional holes - the cold is covered by the working volume from the side.

Effectively when both of these options are combined.

Aggregates with independent streams are produced; If they crossed out, it ensures the gain effect.

Recently, a TWIN FAN system is used, in which the freezer and the refrigeration compartment have their own air ventilation system.

But the refrigerator is such an aggregate that cannot do without altogether. In Nou Frost, it is still there, but on the air cooler. From time to time the compressor stops and the ice from the evaporator pulls into a special container. This is controlled by the thermal control system (next to the cooling coil). Disconnection occurs by the timer command, then a special TEN helps to exhaust it from the radiator, on the channel system, the resulting liquid merges into a particular container.

The capacity is located on the compressor, which is always hot, so liquid from there evaporates.

The temperature in the refrigeration chamber does not change as in the usual refrigerator: the closer to the freezer, the colder. It is adjustable for each place of blowing.

There are refrigerators "Frost Free" and "Full NO Frost". FROST FRI technology is used only in the freezer, and drip cooling is used in the refrigeration chamber, the FULL FULL Frost is exposed to the entire volume.

Plants manufacturers do not stand still, is constantly being invented by something new. For example, "accelerated cooling". When new products appeared on the shelf, more warm than the environment, a special sensor recognizes this and an additional convection is launched.

In some cases, external fans are provided in the design.

Pros and cons

The advantages of the NEO Frost system can be attributed:

• no need for regular and long. But without it, it is impossible to do without it. The procedure is carried out at about once every six months and does not take much time;
• more uniform cooling of the refrigerator, the cold penetrates in all corners;
• it is easier to repair with your own hands if the breakdown is not very complex;
• after the door was opened, even a longer time than it is supposed, the temperature regime is restored faster;
• easier care;
• the need for metal lattices has disappeared, transparent plastic shelves are perfectly suitable, and this does not affect the distribution of the cold;
• since the evaporator is inside the housing, it is more difficult to damage.

Cons System NO Frost:

• it is believed that it is at the expense of a constant circulation of air in the cooled volume of windy freezing dry products, so they are not stored for a long time. The problem is easily solved if you cover and pack each product. In addition, some manufacturers have provided a "freshness zone" - a special compartment in which the level of humidity is maintained that prevents the cut;
• noise due to fan operation. In modern models, it is minimized and not comparable to the constant buzz of old aggregates; periodically occur periods of the lull;
• since all significant components are hidden under the trim, it "eats" part of the useful space to accommodate products;
• consumes more electricity. There is a difference with the classic apparatus, but it is not very big;
• above the cost.

Care

As mentioned above, periodically this type of household appliances is still necessary to defrost. Not only before the next such procedure, but simply before cleaning, you need to turn off the device from the network.

If it is frost free, then the fluid drain hole must be carefully cleaned with a thin stick.

Otherwise, care is not different from other types of devices: the inner and outer surface is wiping into a soft wet cloth moistened in the soap solution.

Possible malfunctions

The main symptom of the system malfunction is the presence of snow raid in the freezer, or the refrigerator begins to "flow", emit unnatural sounds or the opposite subsides, ceases to maintain the optimum temperature, consumes more energy. There may be several reasons for this.

1. One of the most common faults is a timer breakdown. In this case, the refrigerator will not disappear on time.
2. The reason may be hidden in the absence of tightness of the rubber gaskets of the door. One of the easiest ways to check this indicator: insert between the door and the wall of the refrigerator sheet of paper. It should be tightly clamped. If there is no tightness of the rubber seal, then most likely will have. Otherwise, warm air from the room will constantly come inside.
3. One of the greatest troubles is the failure of the fan. Without it, further work is impossible. In modern models there is a liquid crystal display, which will report this error, and will not hear the usual buzz. The reason may be hidden in the violation of the connection between the board and this device. It is necessary to check the resistance.
4. Sometimes a TEN ceases to work, providing land removal from the radiator. In the event that it burned down, you will have to completely replace this item in the service center.
5. In the case of Frost Free, a cream hole can be closed.
6. Poor case, if the compressor is enraged - the heart of the device. This usually occurs in the process of long-term operation, voltage jumps. This component with difficulty can be repaired, most likely it will have to change it to another.
7. At home, it is problematic to fix the "brain" of all operations - management fee.
8. A malfunction can also be hidden in the evaporation device of flowing fluid.

If you felt that the refrigerator began to work not as before - it is better to immediately contact the specialists who are well-versed in the system of Nou Frost.

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Repair of the refrigerator with their own hands is above all the economic rationale. The Bible loves to explain all the parables, and in the scientific circles the next historical anecdot goes:

Senior Kapitsa, Peter Leonidovich, still at the beginning of his scientific activity, in the 20s of the last century, passed an internship in the United States. In the city where he was inhabited, at the factory, some firm was mounted then one of the first at the time of automatic lines. Assemble, included - and its clinics. They called the manufacturer's specialists, they suffered, suffered, and her clinics and clinics. Before that case, it came out that the owners were given in the local newspaper Announcement: $ 10,000 anyone who launches. The amount at the time, to the Great Depression, desperately huge.

Petr Leonidovich went on the ad. I asked to turn on-off several times, I looked at carefully. Then he drove down somewhere in the foot there: "Include!" Turn on - works! Turned off, turned on - works !! Uploaded raw materials, turned on - Products go !!! They took samples, checked - that corresponds.

The head of the company then: "Mr. Kapitsa, the word of the American businessman is more expensive than his life. Here is your receipt. But tell me in truth, 10,000 bucks for kicks foot - is not a bit much? " - "Pink foot worth $ 1." - "And the rest for what ??!" "For what I knew where and how to kick."

Note: On all the acquired money, P. L. Kapitsa purchased scientific equipment for the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

With household refrigerators, history is somewhat similar. For example, among the specific category of individual masters, refrigerators "Indezit" with drip self-freezing (T. Naz. "Watching", see below) are known as "sweet". Repair of the refrigerator Indesit of this type in 6 cases out of 10 (!) It comes down to replacing a certain module in front of the host (hostess). The amount of payment is appointed "by psychology", as far as, in the opinion of the master, this client is rich and wearing. Along the top give on joy.

Further, the same "Mastach" produces with a spare part of some simple manipulations with a screwdriver right on his knee, in their car, and travels to the next challenge, where the fixed part is put in return for an unsuitable one. Then the story is repeated and repeated. Module cost approx. 250 rubles. So walks in a circle, bringing every time more than 1000 rubles. This specialist is not afraid of complaints or informality, this specialist is not afraid: after express repairs on the go, the removed node becomes workable and quite reliable. Heels of such challenges per day - and why somewhere there to run, nerves flutter and afraid then, what do you get somewhere on something?

The material of this article is intended primarily for novice lovers to confuse:

• His main goal - Explain that, where, as for what is in the refrigerator, as well as where and how it can be "kicking" with your own hands, does not risk spoiling more seriously and run into more expensive repair.
• Second - give knowledge Which will correctly control the quality of the specialist's work in the case when independent repair is impossible. 1000 rub. For repairs in the described epopea (we still remember this) price in general, fair, given the possible losses from the downtime of the refrigerator and the costs of delivering it to the service center and back. The main thing is that the master is a master, and not by a halver or a flawless; For ambulance, good work and on top of the soul is not sorry.

About brands of refrigerators

In the text, brands will be mentioned ( trade marks) Refrigerators, but this does not mean that they break more often than others. The same indestes are not bad refrigerators. But it is possible to judge the characteristic faults only by their statistics, and it, of course, the case, the more expensive, the more products this type is in operation. For example, there are such Swiss-Chinese miracles - Liberton. In them, as they say, the breakdown in the breakdown sits and drives breakdown. But due to its fastest, in a certain particular sense, reputation, Libertons are sold and is bought. If you take only the number of breakdowns, then this brand, you look, and in the unnecessary will come out.

Secondly, for examples of typical breakdowns, it is necessary to take products typical for this clone brands of a device that can be more reliable than fellow. In general, the design of household refrigerators has long been established and when it is properly operating to a small repair, it reaches no more than once every 5 years, and the total life of their service exceeds 20 years. At the author's disposal there are Armenian Aragats Release 1964 (!), It is used as a backup and as a test bench. Obarban - there are paints on the dump, but it freezes it right. Even the seals of the door (simple rubber, non-magnetic) are still relatives.

What is where to yourself?

In any household refrigerator, the following constructive systems (contours) can be distinguished:

1. Actually refrigeration - It is possible to climb here only in exceptional cases, for example, if the refrigerator is in a deaf outback and call the masters there is no possibility. But know what to do in the refrigeration circuit, because It is here that unqualified and / or negligent repairs are able to continue to cause the greatest damage, up to the need to buy a new refrigerator;
2. Thermoregulation system - This is the most active source of breakdowns. DIY repair is possible quite often, if there are some technical knowledge and skills. However, it is necessary to compare the cost of calling a specialist and buying in retail to replace items, plus losses from their expectation: in the hosts, spare parts for refrigerators are sold only in big cities, it is most likely to be ordered on the Internet;
3. Electrosystem - repair with your own hands is possible almost always, if there is a tester, the ability to solder and the initial skills of the electrician or radio amateur;
4. Mechanical system - Suspension of the doors, compressor, fastening of covers / shelves, seals, etc. DIY repair is possible in some cases, but does not require any special qualifications.

How does the refrigerator frost?

By ways to cool the contents of household refrigerators are divided into 3 types:

• Evaporative compression, or simply compression, or just evaporative.
• Evaporant absorption (absorption, simply).
• Thermoelectric (semiconductor).

In the first 2nd, the coolant liquefied under normal conditions is a refrigerant or refrigerant. The latter - purely electric, without pipelines, valves, etc. In everyday life, refrigerators of all 3 types are used, but evaporative compression is the most common. They differ in the greatest variety of structures.

Note: "Under normal conditions," it means that this substance is able to move from the liquid in the gaseous phase and inversely at room temperature and somewhat higher only under pressure. In the "real" gases (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.) T. Naz. The triple point lies at a temperature of a lot below room and turn them into a liquid without cooling to a temperature below it, only pressure, is impossible.

Compression

The principle of operation of the compression evaporative refrigerator is shown on the left in Fig. The refrigerant under pressure is injected into the evaporator serpentor through a narrow nozzle - die. The domestic refrigerators require relatively low performance on cold, so they use non-public filters in the form of a segment of a capillary tube with an inner diameter of OK. 0.8 mm. In the evaporator, the refrigerant expand sharply, instantly boils and evaporates, absorbing the amount of heat equal to its heat of the vaporization. The evaporator is placed in a thermally insulated refrigeration chamber; The temperature in it drops and the products are cooled.

So that the pressure in the evaporator does not increase and the refrigerant did not stop evaporate, its pairs continuously pumps the compressor. Their temperatures increase. To cool the pairs of the refrigerant enters another serpentine (radiator) - capacitor. Through it, the heat of condensation, precisely equal to the heat of the vaporization, plus the heat corresponding to the capacity consumed by the compressor from the power supply, and is completely small, equal to heat loss in the system, is allocated to the environment. The refrigerant is cooled, liquefied under pressure generated by the compressor, and through the capillary comes again to the evaporator, the refrigeration cycle is repeated. Capillary, evaporator, compressor, condenser and connecting their pipelines make up a refrigeration outline.

The main advantages of compression refrigerators - the efficiency and possibility of using chemically neutral and harmless refrigerants, as well as a rather fast frost. The energy from the side is consumed only to pump the refrigerant, the thermal efficiency of the refrigeration circuit is close to 100% the freezing rate is determined by the heat of the refrigerant vaporization and the speed of its circulation in the circuit; It is also amenable to an increase in purely constructive and production and technological methods.

The main disadvantage of compression refrigerators - the presence in the design of moving parts, detachable compounds and mechanical bonds of the refrigeration contour with an external environment (compressor motor shaft, etc.) requiring the use of seals. However, in more than a century of technical development, the design of compression refrigerators is brought to high reliability; This is a living example of how the most difficult problems are solved by a variety of individual enhancements.

Currently, the peak of the evolution of the compression system is No Frost refrigerators (without annea), which do not require breakdown on defrost and do not form (in good condition) inside the ice coat refrigerator. No frost refrigerators are complex on the device (see the scheme on the right in Fig.), But, oddly enough at first glance, they are the best possible to repair with their own hands at home. How the No Frost refrigerator works, see the next. Video, and we will return to them more, when it comes to repair.

Video: How no frost + works about it

Significant from the point of view of the user a lack of compression refrigerators - they can not be very long to keep off in the filled state. In the "stolen" refrigerator, the pressure in the circuit increases several times, the metal chart is accelerated and the probability of the occurrence of microcracks is sharply growing, through which the refrigerant exists.

This features often do not know the sellers with masters: the goods for years ahead now no one purchases and the refrigerators are sold much more than the allowable storage period in the paid form. But, if you leave the compression refrigerator for the winter in a non-residential room, then from the pressure jump when the tube is turned on, and the expensive repair with rewrite. Which for all the rules (see Next) Pleasure is also not cheap.

About one failed theory

As refrigerant in compression refrigerators, organic light-boiling substances are most often used - freons. The fact that freons will be pulled by the ozone layer of the atmosphere and in general almost Chernobyl, it is known to everyone. So, this is not true. Moreover, deliberate, carefully planned and organized commercially directed lie.

The holes in the ozone layer were discovered in the late 60s. In the extensive list of substances capable of calling them, and freons. It was noticed by the heads of the World Monster called DuPont, the largest chemical concern. The company DuPont is immediately, the tube is might and main, it took to finance research on the influence of freons on ozone. Selective, grants were allocated to those skilled in the art, fanatically seeking to prove the destructive effect of freon to the detriment of scientific objectivity.

At the same time, also generously, but very quietly, their own research on the search for fronal substitutes was financed; In the segment of DuPont refrigerants, competitors have long and sensitively. As a result, DuPont became the monopoly owner of all patents for alternative refrigerants and "Removed the Bubl Nemeryano" on the wave of antifreon hysteria: to the 80th DuPont "punched" the Montreal Conventions for which the use of freons was limited, and some countries are damaging them in general for them. Yes, and now still cuts good baryrs on the foam from her.

In the meantime, to the beginning of zero groups of independent researchers in Japan, the United States, and then in Russia it was proved that:

• The ozone holes are much more than now, size over the geological history of the Earth has repeatedly occurred.
• Ozone holes are clearly tied to areas of increased tectonic activity and are completely not guarded with places of phonon emissions and their migration paths in the atmosphere.
• Ozone holes are unequivocally caused by hydrogen expiring from the earth's crust and light inorganic hydrogen-containing compounds.
• The land on the NEZHIYY from the possible minimum of the Tectonics "Gazit" with hydrogen 10,000 times larger than the freons were thrown at the peak of their uncontrollable use, and at the maximum of tectonics, the natural yield of hydrogen exceeds Freon's emission of 1 million and more times.

In general, do not be afraid of freon and refrigerators on Freon. In general, freons are environmentally friendly and safer their substitutes.

Absorption

The refrigerant of the absorption refrigerator is an eye-boiling substance, well-soluble in a sufficiently high-boiling liquid - absorber. The absorber is also called the vessel in the refrigeration circuit, which contains the flow rate of the concentrated refrigerant solution, see Fig.

Thermoscos (just vertical copper tubeHeated by electrospiral, not to be confused with the heat pump!) The solution is driven into the steam generator, also heated with electricity. The excess of a weak solution from the steam generator flows back to the absorber on another tube, which is T. Naz. Small contour.

The mixture of refrigerant vapors and the absorber enters a reflux - a radiator with an inner labyrinth. Here the absorber condenses and flows back to the steam generator, and the refrigerant pairs go to the capacitor, the role of which is identical to the compression refrigerator. Then the liquid refrigerant flows in a sampling in an evaporator, where and the shock is exactly the same. Couples swallowing the heat of refrigerant instead of a compressor with a pump sucks absorber, greedyly absorbing them.

The advantage of absorption refrigerators is the complete absence of moving parts and detachable compounds with seals, as a result of which their service life is in principle unlimited. Another investigation is low cost; Both contours are simply pipelines between the reservoirs without any complex mechanics. However, because Only part of the total flow is born in the refrigeration circuit, then the absorption refrigerator can consume 1.2-3 times more electricity than a compression.

Note: Absorption refrigeration systems are superior to the compression economy with a relatively small cooling of large volumes, for example. Vegetable stores or as air conditioners of large buildings.

Another disadvantage is a small heat capacity, heat of vaporization and not very low boiling points at atmospheric pressure on this system on the heat engineering of refrigerants. Therefore, the absorption refrigerators freeze badly and slowly. Standard temperature in the freezer absorption refrigerator -6 Celsius, i.e. Ice cream melts there. In domestic crystal-9 and 12-18, the freezer temperature was brought to -18, but they still freeze long.

Important moment is also safety. An ordinary refrigerant in the absorption system - ammonia; Solvent - water. Those., In contours circulates the ammonia alcohol tightening that in the pharmacy bubble. What will happen if several liters of such an ambrosia flow into the apartment, it is not necessary to explain.

Several firms (Exmork, Samsung, etc.) produce absorption refrigerators on the refrigerant propane or isobutane and with an organic absorber, but radish propane turns out to be horses of the ammonia shrine. Add a fragrance to combustible gas - refrigerant for technical reasons is impossible, and the refrigerator becomes explosive. If the smell of ammonia is felt in the slightest concentrations and at the user with an accident there is time to take measures or just run out, then the leakage of clean saturated hydrocarbons in the air will not show itself until someone clicks the switch and does not slip the spark. Therefore, there is no legal import of absorption refrigerators on combustible gases in the Russian Federation and many other countries.

However, the absorption refrigerators have their own stable and well-founded niche of the application: they may unlimitedly stored for a long time turned off and refilled. The excess of the refrigerant vapor absorbs the absorber and the pressure in the circuits is kept under admissible limits. Therefore, the absorption refrigerators most often buy for the cottage or for seasonally inhabited premises.

Semiconductor

The action of the semiconductor thermoelectric refrigerator is based on the direct and reverse effect of Peltier: when the electric flow is passed through the spay of heterogeneous semiconductors in one direction, it is heated over Jouleheva heat, and in the opposite - it is cooled to full compensation and freezing, see fig. The Peltier effect allows to obtain temperatures up to -40 Celsius and below, but thermoelectric refrigerators are still growing absorption, and Peltier elements due to the diffusion of non-mining charge carriers through the spike under the action of electric current are degraded and their resource is limited.

The advantages of thermoelectric refrigerators, firstly, very low sensitivity to mechanical influences: shocks, shocks, shaking. Burry, crack and flow from them just nothing. Secondly, switches the direction of the current, the refrigerator can be turned into a heater and quickly defrosting the contents. Therefore, thermoelectric refrigerators are used mainly as automotive and challenged for temporary use on picnics, etc. events. Of the household thermoelectric refrigerators in the Russian Federation, several types of refrigeration bars are sold, as well as cabinet outdoor table chill and seagull.

How to repair a refrigerator?

Absorption refrigerators are not subject to independent repairs Due to the danger and high complexity of this kind of work. Thermoelectric or do not break, or need to change the battery of thermoelements, that when buying it in retail it will cost more repairs in the service center. Occasionally, they burn contacts (current through the thermal batching large at low voltage); With this breakdown, a beginner electrician amateur will cope. Therefore, further we focus on the repair of compression refrigerators, Moreover, in everyday life, they are absolutely dominated and the faults are susceptible to more than any other systems.

The most simple

In a compression refrigerator, it suffices to enter the thermostat to turn it into a refrigerator supporting a relatively stable minus temperature in the chamber. Since the cheapest and reliable compressor drive will be a single-phase asynchronous electromotor with a magnetic launch, it will be necessary to start and protective, in case of a crash chain, devices, see the circuit on the rice on the right. If the starting winding is left under the current on the working move, the engine will warm up to burn the insulation of the windings, the KZ in electrocups, and possibly sunbathing. According to such a scheme, refrigerators "old time" and present-day with manual defrosting are built. The characteristic of their faults are as follows:

• The refrigerator does not turn on - to blame or a power supply circuit (network cord, fork, socket, detachable contacts in the compressor compartment), or a thermostat (not called tester), or optionally, a protective relay (also not ringing). Repair with your own hands is possible.
• The power supply circuit is checked, proper. The compressor does not turn on or, making the sound, stalls. It is possible a repeated spontaneous repetition of the described situation. Faulty start-defense relay. Repair with your own hands is possible.
• The compressor launch continues more than 3-5 s or occurs from the first attempt. Flashlit launcher relay. It is most often possible to establish it with your own hands.
• The compressor is started, but heavily noise and after 30 seconds - 5 min. The refrigerator turns off. It turns on no earlier than 10-15 minutes later and it turns off itself. The current protective relay was detected or failed, see below. Repair on your own possible, incl. And without buying a new replacement.
• The refrigerator freezes badly, but it reacts clearly to the thermostat. The compressor is heated, goes into overheating, shakes. Relays start and thermal protection are working. Diagnostics of the compressor motor at the intersensional short circuit in the working winding and, most likely, its replacement.
• The compressor does not start, urchit. Relays start and thermal protection are working. The turns of the KZ is most likely in the launcher. The result is the same as in before. case.
• The same, but the compressor to the touch markedly heats up after exposure under the voltage of 10-30 s (no more!). Internal compressor malfunction. Repair is sometimes possible in a specialized workshop.
• The same, but the compressor motor with a combined magnetic and capacitive launch, see Next, about No Frost Refrigerators. Check the working electrical capacitor, also see below. If unsuitable - lucky, the repair with your own hands is also inexpensive.
• The refrigerator is frozen. The compressor works or continuously, or before the heat shift is triggered. The thermostat (thermostat) frost adjusts, but barely; In fact, they can only stop the compressor, putting a handle on 0. The noise of the compressor is stronger than the usual. Electricity consumption in the row high. Started a start relay. Dangerous, it can burn the compressor that with the current rates is equivalent to buying a new refrigerator. DIY repair is possible.
• Refrigerator with a properly exhibited thermostat badly freezing, the freezer frozen evenly. The capacitor at the time of turning off the compressor is heated normally: to the touch is hot, the hand is pulling away. Most likely, the thermostat is faulty. Repair with your own hands is possible subject to buying a new replacement. In some cases, see Next, it is possible to repair the old one.
• The refrigerator turns on, freezes too much or, on the contrary, too weak. The degree of freezing on the position of the thermostat does not depend. Compressor sound, capacitor heating and freezing normalization normal. Faulty thermostat. Repair - as in before. case.

• The refrigerator freezes badly and works on a short cycle: the compressor is often turned off, the capacitor by the time barely warm. The freezer frost is weak, but evenly. A thermostat or heat-shield relay is defective, with their own hands, it is almost always possible.
• The same, but the compressor works for a long time (long cycle); Perhaps continuously. The freezer frozen in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tube underwatering. From the opposite side, it remains clean from the land, even if the other is the thick layer of ice on the other. The situation is stable. The reason is the Freon decline in the system due to self-taking microcutioner or, if the refrigerator is no more than a year, its absorption is low-quality structural materials. Need diagnostics of the system for leakage and refundable by Freon; In exceptional cases, its topping. It is ultimately not recommended to do it.
• The refrigerator works on a long cycle. The temperature inside it changes in large limits, which is noticeable of faceting of products in the freezer to its bottom or walls. The thermostat was inflamed. Repair is possible without replacing it, if working very carefully.
• The refrigerator does not freeze. The compressor turns on, works with a knock and ringing. Feeling vibration of the refrigerator case. Full leakage of freon. Call the wizard for diagnosis, eliminate leakage and refueling. When calling, be sure to describe the situation and ask: what will repair cost? Perhaps more expensive than a new refrigerator.
• The compressor works on a short cycle, but the refrigerator freezes much. The sound of the compressor is loud, spool, chasing or with sobs. Rebooting freon with unqualified maintenance. Refrigerated circuit on a wet move: there are not pairs of refrigerant in the compressor, but a freon fog. Immediately stop the refrigerator and call a qualified wizard for diagnosing and rewrong. Otherwise, the compressor and tube will go, which means a new refrigerator without options.
• In the summer, in the heat, the refrigerator freezes so that the thermostat has to be put in position from 1 to 3-4. The compressor is heated, noise. Sometimes the smell of burnt insulation is felt; In case of inspection, burnt contacts are found. Weakened the bimetallic plate of the heat shield relay, see below. Repair on your own sometimes without costs and serious difficulties.
• Everything is fine, but the freezer frozen too fast. Possible reasonsIn addition to warm wet products - a malfunction of the door seals, its skew, a light switch fault or a violation of poor-quality thermal insulation of the chamber. In the first 3 cases, repair with their own hands is possible and is easy; In the latter - cheaper to buy a new refrigerator.
• Everything is fine, but the compressor is too noise, the vibration of the case is felt. Check and adjust the compressor suspension (see below). It did not help - the reason for the mechanical wear of the compressor, you need to calculate the replacement option for money.

Give detail step by step instructions Repair for each of the cases described would be completely irresponsible. Branded guidance on the search and elimination of characteristic problems of one specific model Or group of similar models is a plump book, printed by rubbish font on fine paper, and hundreds of models. In addition, each repairman knows how often the malfunctions are "impossible" and uncharacteristic. Therefore, further we describe the typical device of the most susceptible to the breakdowns of the nodes in the interaction with the conjugate and methods of their repair. And then see: I myself think or call the one who ate on this dog and bit the cat. And talking to him with the knowledge of the case.

Compressor and suspension

As the compression refrigerators are installed in the overwhelming majority of compression refrigerators, the "Butter" is shown in Fig.:

There are desperate technologists, disassembled it, rewinding windings, etc., but then it still has to buy a new one: air from moisture couples and dust inside the compressor is unacceptable. However, if you, for example, moved the car engine, then, guided by this scheme, you can determine by sound, whether it is worth sirring on a compressor in this particular case or you need to dig somewhere else.

With compressor suspension case is easier. You need to check the elastic moves of its installation paw down and up. In fig. On the right arrows show 2 paws, but you need to check all 4. Their move on the shock absorbers should be at least 8-10 mm. Replacing worn shock absorbers business is inexpensive and simple, but before removing the suspensions, the compressor must be securely secured in the working position, and the home say so that the refrigerator is far and do not breathe: the compressor is able to abandon with their weight, and this is expensive repair and rewrite.

At the same time, and even before, moving away the refrigerator, you need to listen to noise and determine: is it exactly the cozy compressor? Maybe there is some kind of tube? In this case, it is better not to bend it, but to wrap the acc. Plot with felt or cloth and secure the strapping of X / B or woolen thread. The foam rubber or synthetics and the gum are not suitable, they will become fragile on the cold tube, and they will fall down on the hot and stick. The trifle with the tubes, by the way, is not at all a trifle: if the tube wipes or gets tired and crawls, the repair will cost expensive.

Refueling and refueling

In RuNet and on YouTube, there are a lot of ways to refrigerate refrigerators refrigerant type "Nail to score harder". But reliable results - and how much later this refrigerator worked? - Something is not visible. The fact is that when refrigerator refrigerator refrigerator, air with water and dust can inevitably fall into the refrigeration circuit, and Freon's injection by a regular compressor means its forced work on a wet run. The water in the system will freeze, according to the law of Murphy, precisely where ice is able to cause the greatest damage, and dust, according to the same law, will fall on the rubbing parts of the compressor manufactured with precision accuracy.

Refilling / refrigerated refrigerator Freon is properly carried out from a special gas station, see Fig. On the right, during which on disabled The refrigerator produces the following operations:

1. Downloading clean dry air (optional - nitrogen or inert gas) for tightness testing under pressure.
2. Optionally - purge (pumping) with the same gas / air to remove possible traces of moisture and dust.
3. Pumping system to technical vacuum.
4. Filling the freon system in the volume specified for this model.
5. Verification of pressure in the warm system and, optionally, adding / out of freon parts.

It is possible here, firstly, to trace the brand of therapy refrigerant (eg R12, R13, R126, etc.) and its volume corresponded to the compressor casing. Secondly, to ensure that the pressure in the system is not controlled immediately after downloading, and after a while, when the contour warms up. Otherwise, the excess of freon and the humid stroke of the compressor are guaranteed.

And thirdly, and most importantly, make sure the master is registered as an IP or a legal service center that its contact details are reliable, the location is known and that it gives a guarantee. For half a year, it is enough for this time all possible flaws will manifest. But, by the way, do not think that in these six months you can throw on it all other faults. Good wizards live their work and know not only their own business, but all the Caverza are too cunning customers. Including those that you may have no idea about.

Start and defense

Starting and heat-shielding relays are constructively combined into one node. Its typical design and inclusion scheme are shown on the example of the Orsk-7 refrigerator, see fig. below. Works start-proof relay as follows:

• Immediately on the inclusion, while the rotor of the motor spinned, it consumes the starting current of 3-7 times more nominal. By the way, the assertions that the start-up current corresponds to the refrigerator indicated in the passport of its nominal power consumption - just ignorance. The rated power consumption of the refrigerator is defined as the average long-term, at +25 outside, the average position of the thermostat and some averaged operating conditions: the degree of loading of the products of a given humidity, frequency and duration of the door opening, etc.
• The starting current is triggered by the PC launcher (starter), feeding the current on the starting winding.
• Motor is spinning, the current consumed falls.
• PC releases, de-energizing the starting winding, the motor goes into the operating mode.
• Suddenly the PC is defective and the starting winding of the composition is constantly, the protective relay is included in the operation: its winding is heated by the launcher current, the bimetallic plate is strung out and operates the total power supply circuit.

In some models of refrigerators, the current protective relays are complemented by the same, but without winding, heat-shield relay. It is put directly on the compressor body. Not the best option, I must say. The reliability of the entire compressor power supply chain is reduced, and if he went to warm over himself, its thermal protection does not save from expensive repair.

Open start-ups can be neatly drilled by the collapsed aluminum pistons in the mounting holes. When reverse assembly, the lid is better to glue not particularly durable plastic glue, for example PVA. "Tightly" it will stick to regular installation screws.

Where and how can I "enjoy" unsuccessful commissioning without resorting to replacement? In addition to the obvious - cleaning of burnt or contaminated contacts - there are still 3 weaknesses, which can be corrected by himself. By the way, apparent this case Not so obvious. If the continuer's contacts were melted and laughed, it is necessary to check the progress of the KZ to the turnout, which is fraught with the compressor replacement with all flowing.

But we will not be about bad. First, you need to inspect the anchor channel (core) of the starter. In it, there is a dust, the dusty contacts are sticking to the compressor all the time goes into defense. And it turns out that granting the heart early, it is enough to clean.

Secondly (this also applies to the thermal protection relay) if the bimetallic plate in the cold state is markedly curved, but still spring, it can be carefully adjusted back, and start-up will still serve. Thirdly, if the adjusting screws 13 weakened and converted, the compressor will behave as if he had a turn of the KZ in both windings at once. Then, unscrewing the right (according to the scheme) screw to the initial clearance of 1.5-2.5 mm and cleaned the contacts of current protection, again there is no need to get enough for the heart.

In modern refrigerators, the overall state of commission protection can be checked much faster:

• We take out the power plug from the outlet.
• Move the refrigerator and remove the compressor cover.
• We find the introductory connector (contact group), the power cord is suitable for it, pos. 1 and 2 in Fig. below.
• In the connector we find 2 wires, not closed tightly. Usually they are in different combinations or brown (pos. 3), or red, or red with a brown stripe.
• We prepare the technological jumper from the wire with a cross section of at least 1 kV. mm, pos. four.
• Tight to be good contact, We put the jumper into the nests of the open wires, pos. five.
• Briefly, no more than 3-5 seconds, turn on the refrigerator. If you started - the start-up is to blame.

Note: If you have a two-chamber refrigerator with separate compressors, then check the start-ups even easier - change the introductory connectors in places. Suddenly, let's say that the unemployed overall camera came to life, and a previously good freezer rangy, or vice versa, the case in acc. Putting up.

There is a nuance in the return installation of a start-deficent relay. The anchor of the starter is heavy, and the spring of its core (pos. 5 in fig. Above) is weak. It is necessary that the continuer's contacts are closed / unwinding sharp and cleared less. But then, if I put the start-up to put up the legs, the yoke of moving contacts 7 will fall on the stationary 8 and the starter will be closed all the time. From this motor, barely running, it will be all the time to go to the current protection. Therefore, before removing the start-defense relay, mark on its basis (not on the lid) with something over. If the start-ups are combined with thermal protection and refined directly on the compressor housing, the problem disappears, because When installing, on the contrary, contact pins simply will not be included in the nest.

Temoregulator

Thermostats of refrigerators are thermomechanical and electronic, in refrigerators with electronic control. In the latter case, there is no thermostat as a separate node: the sensor (s) -thmoresistor (s) is associated with the overall control board. DIY repair of "smart" refrigerators requires a thorough qualification of an electronics. At such a case: the chains of thermal sensors are analog. The resistance of the thermistor, if no otherwise specified in the refrigerator specification, should be no more than 2 com, and at -15 at least 100 com. We will return to traditional designs.

The thermostat of the ordinary refrigerator (see Fig.) Acts on the basis of a variable volume vessel made of tensile metal furs - and capillary thermal tubes. This container is partially filled with freon, and 5-15 cm of the end of the thermal tubes are fixed on the evaporator so that a good thermal contact is ensured; This part of the thermal tube serves as a temperature sensor. When it changes, the freon is partially liquefied or evaporates, the pressure in the vessel is changing, the bellows stretching either compressing under the pressure of the return spring and the electrocontact through which power is supplied to the compressor, it will be powered or unlocked.

However, in "pure form", as the left in Fig., Such a thermostat is inoperative. The bellows slyphone is shriveling slowly, between the contacts at the first opening, the arc will dyate and they or it will be burned (the refrigerator does not turn on), or they will be sprinkled (frost continuously). Therefore, the active thermostats are complemented by a mechanical trigger instantly throwing contact when the balance of pressures from the bellows and the return spring is changed.

A typical working circuit of the thermostat of the refrigerator is shown on the right in Fig. The trigger is the flexural pusher of the lever of the bellows 11 and ω-shaped throwing spring 9. The throwing spring itself seeks to dissolve the contact pair, therefore, if it broke down, the refrigerator will begin to continuously frost at any position of the adjustment knob and even the spinning of the bevel or reversible thermal tube.

The lever of the bellows appears on the throwing spring, not letting it break the chain. When the siltphone is compressed from the cold, the spring 9 at a certain point is broken and blurred contacts. If the screw 13 has self-executed and the gap between open contacts less than 2-2.5 mm, the arc may occur and burning or sparking contacts. Another possible case - in summer, in the heat, the regulator of the weak refrigerator is twisted to a maximum of failure. Contacts are warm, the spring's cyclic heating gradually loses elasticity. In the fall, try to reduce the frost, but the thermostat can no longer "release."

The thermomechanical temperature controller necessarily has hysteresis, or differential: the operating temperatures and reverse contact contacts differ. In simple refrigerators with manual defrost, their values \u200b\u200bare acc. - (11-15) and - (6-9) Celsius. Sometimes there are those who wish for the best cold to reduce the differential, wrapped the screw 8. It is not necessary to do so, you can drive the rotation of the compressor. At best, there will be an arc with too close contacts during opening, which means the thermostat replacement. The adjusting screw of the return spring 5 is generally not necessary to touch, it is completed when assembling from the manufacturer.

The thermostat is considered intimidrate and unrepretentious, and in general it is correct. The point is, firstly, that the end of the thermal tube is glued to the evaporator with special heat-conducting glue, over the gluing is also filled with a special sealant and only then closes with a protective casing. Separate the thermal tube from the evaporator, without damaging the / or other, without special tool and skills is almost impossible, especially if the freezer is stamped, and the punched evaporator is equivalent to buying a new refrigerator. Secondly, with the thermal tube it is necessary to handle extremely careful: the radius of its bend should be at least 6-10 of its outer diameters.

Nevertheless, it is possible to dig in the thermostat on weight without removing it from the refrigerator. To do this, it is necessary to carefully remove the latches (shown by a red arrow on the cut-off right at the bottom), then the contact block is removed. It will be possible to view and clean the contacts if necessary, check the screw-bump and the throwing spring. A new one in return to the burst or weakened can be made of a wreck of a clock spring or spring steel, the pusher of the bellows gives it very much. When reverse assembly, you need to ensure that the language of the mobile contact goes into its window and the throwing spring rose into place as it should.

"Watching"

On the just viewed inserts, 2 seems to be unnecessary contact. In fact, they are involved and needed for refrigerators with drip self-freezing, so-called. crying. They provide users with the same convenience as NO Frost refrigerators, but much cheaper.

Typical refrigerator electrical stroke with drip self-mode is given in Fig. On the example of the refrigerator Stynol 101. As you can see, in the thermostat there appeared there in addition to the working thermostat R of the thawing thermostat; It is inseparable and unrepretentious, acts from the bimetallic plate.

Operating principle

For drip samorozing in the evaporator, a section in the form of an aluminum plate, having a good thermal contact with a shared chamber - a vapor or simply catcher. The catcher is placed on the rear wall of the camera on the way of lifting up less than cold air.

With the first launch, the crying refrigerator first works as easy running the working thermostat; Contacts The thawing thermostat is normally closed. Water pairs settled on the catcher and freeze. When the temperature on the "sausage" shelf will fall to approx. +2 or up to +4 in a vegetable compartment, the thawing thermostat is triggered and dealers the entire circuit except the backlight lamp. The bimetallic contact cools and closes back slowly, its differential is greater than that of the worker: the oars on the catcher it time to melt, and condensate dragged into drainage in the drain pan, then the cycle is repeated.

Characteristic malfunctions

Since in crying refrigerators, part of the cold produced is used to capture moisture vapors, the compressor power for them is required large. Therefore, the protective relay of the launch of its launch is often separated from the start-up and fasten directly on the compressor housing, now it is triggered from the starting current, and from the overheating of the compressor. Because of this, in the summer in the heat, if you put a thermostat to a maximum, the refrigerator can start turning off, on the contrary, too early. If you return the regulator to the middle position, its performance is restored.

Also, if the thawing thermostat is faulty, the compressor will not turn on, although the indicator and backlight are operating. The tester finds that in the warm refrigerator contacts the inclination thermostat cannot be called. In addition, other typical for this class Fault refrigerators:

• All right, but too frost: in the freezer of Antarctica, and vegetables freeze.
• Ice (snowy) fur coat is formed.
• From the refrigerator stinks on the shelves water.

All these problems are interrelated: when one of them appears, it is necessary to check and what is met.

Pereozka

The most likely reason is the failure of the same thawing thermostat, but now its contacts will be called in a strong cold. You need to check, barely opening the door and as soon as possible so that the control unit does not have time to warm up. Repair - replacement of the entire thermostat. Ice fur coat is formed.

Snow Shuba

Ice coat in crying refrigerators is formed in the same way as glaciers in nature: not from frost in winter, and from excess moisture cool in summer. The focus of the fur coats is not able to drag condensate on the catcher, and then the process goes around the increasing until the whole camera turns out. Conclusion: if the cause of the fur coats is found and eliminated, the coat itself is most likely not dispersed. It is necessary to unload the refrigerator, it is completely shown and run it from scratch, i.e. with room temperature.

In the refrigerators, the Atlant is possible the formation of a snow fur coat with a malfunction of the thawing thermostat and without "Antarctica", their constructors have tried that the potatoes do not turn into a cobblestone, and carrot in the stakes. This example now inherit other manufacturers, so when searching for the causes of the fur coats, you must first check the thawing thermostat.

Note: According to statistics in more than 80% of cases, the cause of fur coats in crying refrigerators is still overloading with warm pair products. The vaporizer is not the NO Frost system, its capabilities regarding self-magazine are limited. But this is no longer a technical malfunction, but the result of negligent / illiterate use.

Another technical cause of fur coats is a constantly burning lighting lamp, it knocks down internal convection. These are "Slavs" refrigerators Samsung and "Sweet" Indesites, about whom it was a question in the beginning. To check the backlight switch, it is not necessary to burn homemade fibers from cropping plastic bottles and apply other amateur tricks. It is enough to press the backlight switch checkbox, see Fig. The lamp should turn off when it is recessed by no more than 1/3; half it is already bad. After removing the control unit cover, the switch can be signed and / or pushed to the flag if it is on the screws. Switches fixed tightly, the backlight is turned off properly.

Indesit and some other manufacturers of individual models of their crying refrigerators with a claim on the "steepness" NO Frost provide a quick frost switch. It can be quite well-friendly, but if they use them often or once forgot to turn off for a long time, the process of internal glaciation will start. The possibilities of crying refrigerators are limited in this aspect.

The next reason the cause of the fur coats is the door skew and disrupt its seal, which is characteristic of Nord refrigerators. Adjustable the door almost in each model in its own way, its adjustment authorities are shown in the user manual. But relative to the seals can be given general recommendations.

First, check their cracked folds, throughout the contour, pos. 1 in fig. Then buy Remkomplekt suitable size. As part of the kit, except for 2-m-shaped blanks of the seal itself, there must be a pair of connecting plane corners and a tube of special. When gluing the joints by random glue, the scar is inevitable, which will reduce the repair of the pump, as well as the assembly without sizing.

Next, magnetic strips are extracted from the "native" seal, pos. 2. The billets are then cut into a size under 45 degrees via a template or coaguit, pos. 3 and 4, and assemble on corners with sickness, pos. 5. The finished seal is put on the door to the regular fastener (most often on small screws or self-drawing).

Note: By the way, another joke. Lecture on physics in the Infantry Military School (now - Institute). "Comrades cadets, water boiling point is 90 degrees" - "Comrade Colonel, 100 degrees." - "Audience, stand up! Sit! Stand! Sit! How many degrees, comrade cadet? " - "With ... with ... one hundred degrees ...". The lecturer Runs in his abstract, then - "Comrades cadets, I apologize, I was mistaken. The boiling point of water is really 100 degrees. 90 degrees are a straight angle. "

Water

The reason for the appearance of liquid water in the refrigerator is most often defective drainage. In weeping refrigerators, it is done by the hydrotherapy, because, unlike No Frost in this system, condensate dries long and inevitably getting organodes from products. The malfunction of the drainage also causes the birth of snow coats, but the root cause is the cause in this case is not frowned and disruption of convection, but excessive air humidity.

A typical drainage diagram of a refrigerator with a hydrotherapy is shown in Fig. For domestic turquoise. The condensate tray fever is overwhelmed in the same way as the toilet or sink, from the waterproof break. It is clogged by anything, from dust from potatoes to worms from apples and radishes. But it is impossible to pierce the hydraulic system with a thin plumbing cable, the drainage is all plastic.

To clean the drainage of the refrigerator, you need to take a thick, from 1 mm, fishing line with mounted to roundness and smoothness. After cleaning, the drain canal is washed with 1.5-2 liters of water with the additive detergent for the dishes. Pouring the solution is needed quite a thick jet so that it keeps in the tray, fully covered with a wastewater. After washing, the drain is also ringed with clean water.

No frost.

We will repeat the video tutorial at the beginning, using the non-electronic refrigerator NO Frost's electronic refrigerator clone, see Fig., It is typical and one of the most simple and reliable construction. The total thermostat T works as in all other compression refrigerators. In the electromechanical timer 4, the contacts (2-3) are originally closed. PTC RELAY MODULE PTC RESTAGE device.

Simultaneously with the compressor turns on the fan of the evaporator 1, the injection cold air into the freezer and the chamber. If it is faulty, then when the evaporator cools up to approx. - (25-35), it will work normally closed thermostat of overload P and turn off the compressor; On the role of the optional working electroconduator remember below. On the root included, after some time, the start attempt will repeat. Outwardly, it looks like "turns on, turns off, but not cool."

In normal operation, when the evaporator cools up to the operating temperature, the bimetallic contact 3 will turn on the micromotor timer. Test open contacts 3a are designed to check the micromotor, because In other way it is very difficult.

The compressor and the evaporator fan in the meterime will turn on-off from the general thermostat. The cam drum of the timer will slowly rotate, but the contacts (2-3) are still closed. When they open up, the desired temperature will be achieved in the refrigerator. At the same time, movable contact (3) will transfer to contact (4). The compressor with the evaporator fan will stop, and the tan of the heating of the evaporator will turn on. Inimes will melt on it, and melting water to drainage flows into a drain tray. If the TEN breaks through the housing or due to the timer malfunction, the fusible thermal stitch 2 (fuser, fuse) will turn off.

The timer motor is still spinning! It receives food to the lower end of the end of an independent internal chain! Only bimetallic thermostat can turn off the timer 3. What happens, with a delay and differential, when the evaporator warms up and dry from condensate residues. Therefore, the appearance of a snow fur coat in No Frost refrigerators is almost always caused only to be improper use. Now the contacts (2-3) are again closed in the timer, the cycle is repeated and repeated.

About the working condenser

From the compressor of the No Frost refrigerator, even more power excess is required than for crying refrigerator. Therefore, cos φ of the motor in the operating run on one winding is too small; COS φ for electrical machines is roughly similar to the mechanical efficiency, but characterizes the electrical reactivity of the installation. In a number of countries, incl. In the Russian Federation, the requirements for the reactivity of electricity consumers are very tough. In this case, cos φ to the norm is reached by the working phase-shifting capacitor, as in the usual asynchronous electric motor with condenser start. The loss of capacitance by the working capacitor is manifested in the heavy unstable launch of the compressor and / or in the airborne on the electricity meter of the "Return" indicator, and its breakdown is a triggering of an apartment protective machine or traffic jams

Check the working capacitor with a tester and incandescent bulb by 15-25 W (control). To take fluorescent lamps-housekeeping, LED, etc. with built-in electronics, it is impossible in any way! Condestator tester is checked for a short breakdown. If the capacitor is working, the tester should, showing a short time, some resistance, immediately "go into infinity", i.e. Show open.

Loss of tank and stress breakdown is checked by the control included in series with a capacitor to the network. The lamp should shine directly or barely (current through a capacitor with a capacity of 1 μF at a voltage of 200 in 50 Hz is approx. 30 mA). If the control does not shine at all, then this is a loss of tank. If it burns in full heat, then the breakdown under the docking.

Fan, timer and fool

This trinity is a specific Achilles Fifth of the No Frost refrigerators, which, by the way, does not exclude the emergence of "arbitrariness" faults. But first you need to decide where this specificity is in your.

The fan is available for inspection from the freezer. It can be open (pos. 1 in Fig.) Or stubborn under the lid, pos. 2. In the refrigerator with electronic control, the freezer is usually without removable panels. Then the electronic timer, in the overall control unit (red arrow on pos. 1). Without special knowledge and experience, it is better not to climb there.

If the timer is electromechanical, then there are generally 2 options: the samsung type and the Virpool type. In the Samsung clone after removing the lattice panel in the freezer, a threader is visible, and to the right of it, the timer (the red arrow on the pos. 3). In the Virpulov construction under the cold duct channel, a deaf removable panel, and under it on the right - a timer (red arrow on pos. 4 and a common thermostat (green arrow ibid.).

Fan impeller need to immediately try to turn your finger. If there is a tight or bore, then a plastic plug will be found on the axis in front or rear; Perhaps under the branded sticker. It is not necessary to drag the sticker immediately, it is enough to lose your finger, so that the cork outlines.

After feeding the cork, detect the steel or plastic split washer. Steel is removed by special reassembly or pliers-withdrawal with acute ends. Plastic is divorced and removed by a pair of sewing needles. Under the split washer will be 1 or several ordinary Teflon, they need to be removed by tweezers and save.

Now you can remove the rotor with the impeller, clean the axis channel in it and the most axis, and lubricate. Lubrication is needed low-temperature on - (35-45) or below. Another thickens in this place. After reverse assembly, the refrigerator is checked, maybe everything was and case in the fan clouded.

Suddenly you have to go further, you will need to open the fridge refrigerator. The fan is turned on through some black box. If it is 220 V, then this is a network filter, if low-voltage is a small pulse power supply such as telephone charging, only to another voltage and more powerful. To check, you need to connect the fan to its standard narrow terminals, and on standard wide (shown by red arrows on the pos. I Fig.) Submit a network.

Do not spin? Perhaps the fan itself is in order, and the case is in the box. Then we look: in the refrigerators no frost most often there is still a compressor fan. It can be different, but his "box" is almost certainly a suspicious one-type, which is determined by the inscriptions on their nameplates. We change the "boxes" in places and finally make sure that both with the fan.

The next step is the timer starter and fuuser. They are located in the evaporator compartment near (the green arrow on the pos. Ii). The thermal control sockets are derived, as a rule, to the side (marked with a red and red arrow there). The fuuser in the plug-in plastic case is freely hanging (PP. 2 for pos III), and the thermal tube is glued to the evaporator, PP. 3 ibid.

First, take out the fuser from the connector and call the tester, it should show the KZ, i.e. zero resistance. No - you need a new fool, it is disposable. But it is first necessary to check the evaporator TEN on the breakdown.

Next, we collect all the disassembled, on the off refrigerator closure with a jumper from the wire control jacks and try to turn on the refrigerator. It should work abnormally, on a short cycle, because The timer is turned on immediately. Alternative - turning off the compressor, turn on the refrigerator disassembled and listen to the timer, there must be a slight buzz of the motor. There is a matter in the heat meter. It is very rare fails, but repair is not subject to replacement. And - Attention! - On the verification of the term package with the closure of test nests, we have no more than 3-4 C, otherwise the timer adjustment will be bought!

Did the timer not fired? Well, nothing else remains. But now, according to the above reason, again, attention and attention. If you read the previous one, then it is clear to you that the timer does not have inverse ties With the rest of the nodes. He stupidly moves and moves contacts while his motor is under the current. To establish a shot down Timer Naobum - the procedure is long and painful, and the master for it is if it takes, it will take from the soul. His.

The timer cover is easily removed, but before that it is necessary on its enclosure to mark the color marker of suitable wires, pos. IV. Timer opening, you will see toothed gear, cam drum and contacts, pos. V. Here it is possible or encumbling some of the gear, or a fist jam under a moving contact. In the latter case, the evaporator Ten will warm up all the time, but to the touch on the unemployed refrigerator, it is difficult to determine this, the TEN is low-power.

Timer gear is checked, alternately mechanic gears thin flat screwdriver. It is necessary to smooth carefully, turning the gears no more than 1 tooth. As a rule, from the sleeve some gear at the same time the dusting and the gear comes to life. If you can immediately see that not those contacts are closed, then the cam is in the same way. We just need to examine it under the magnifying glass - didn't it wear out? Didn't shovel if the groove did not get through the contact? If so, then you need to change the timer, after starting the refrigerator on the next cycle of thawing the cam is stuck again.

(6 estimates, average: 4,83 out of 5)

Modern technique that surrounds us in all spheres of life reduces human efforts to a minimum. It would seem that there is nothing difficult to wash clothes with your hands, as our moms and grandmothers did in their time. But why, when it is easily a washing machine for us. Even at the beginning of the last century, people kept foods in the cellar, and now we use refrigerators for preservation and freshness. About them today and will be discussed. Let's discuss how to care for them, and how often they require defrosting.

Most of the refrigerators of our time are equipped with NO Frost or Frost Free. This means that they can serve as a host without needing additional periodic defrost. If you are not a happy owner of such a refrigerator model, then our tips will be useful for you.
So, when defrosting the refrigerator, the following actions should be taken. As a rule, refrigerators need defrost 1 - 2 times a year. Penitate that this time I did not have a strong heat, otherwise, your products stored in it can spoil. From the evening, turn off the refrigerator from the electrical network. While the ice will be cleaned, gathering in a special container, remove all products from the freezer and the main one. In the morning, when the refrigerator is already fully understood, pull out all his shelves, as well as trays and well wash them under the jet of water. Sponge with detergent. Clean the inner walls from a possible dirty plaque. Wipe all dry and install the shelves with trays to the previous place. Now you can download our refrigerator again by connecting it to the network.

Berries and fruits in the freezer is very convenient to store, distribute them into portion packages. When you buy meat, try also to cut it on the parts you need in the future and keep in bags.

Periodically wipe the inner walls of the refrigerator with a damp cloth, and it will shine cleanliness and please the freshness of you constantly!