Mobile cellular communication

cellular- one of the types of mobile radio communications, which is based on cellular network. Key feature lies in the fact that the total coverage area is divided into cells (cells), which are determined by the coverage areas of individual base stations (BS). The honeycombs partially overlap and together form a network. On an ideal (even and without building) surface, the coverage area of ​​one BS is a circle, therefore, the network composed of them looks like honeycombs with hexagonal cells (honeycombs).

It is noteworthy that in English version communication is called "cellular" or "cellular" (cellular), which does not take into account the hexagonal nature of the cells.

The network consists of spaced-apart transceivers operating in the same frequency range, and switching equipment that allows determining the current location of mobile subscribers and ensuring continuity of communication when a subscriber moves from the coverage area of ​​one transceiver to the coverage area of ​​another.

History

The first use of mobile telephony in the United States dates back to 1921: Detroit police used one-way dispatcher communication in the 2 MHz band to transmit information from a central transmitter to receivers installed in vehicles. In 1933, the New York police began using a two-way mobile telephone radio system, also in the 2 MHz band. In 1934, the US Federal Communications Commission allocated 4 channels for telephone radio communications in the range of 30 ... 40 MHz, and in 1940, about 10 thousand police vehicles were already using telephone radio communications. All of these systems used amplitude modulation. Frequency modulation began to be used in 1940 and by 1946 completely replaced amplitude modulation. The first public mobile radiotelephone appeared in 1946 (St. Louis, USA; Bell Telephone Laboratories) using the 150 MHz band. In 1955, an 11-channel system began operating in the 150 MHz range, and in 1956 - a 12-channel system in the 450 MHz range. Both of these systems were simplex and used manual switching. Automatic duplex systems began operating in 1964 (150 MHz) and 1969 (450 MHz), respectively.

In the USSR In 1957, a Moscow engineer L. I. Kupriyanovich created a prototype of a portable automatic duplex mobile radiotelephone LK-1 and a base station for it. The mobile radiotelephone weighed about three kilograms and had a range of 20-30 km. In 1958, Kupriyanovich created improved models of the apparatus weighing 0.5 kg and the size of a cigarette box. In the 60s, Hristo Bochvarov in Bulgaria demonstrates his prototype of a pocket mobile radiotelephone. At the exhibition "Interorgtechnika-66" Bulgaria presents a set for organizing a local mobile communications from pocket mobile phones RAT-0.5 and ATRT-0.5 and RATTs-10 base station, providing connection of 10 subscribers.

At the end of the 50s, the development of the Altai automobile radiotelephone system began in the USSR. trial operation in 1963 the Altai system initially operated at a frequency of 150 MHz. In 1970 the Altai system operated in 30 cities of the USSR and a 330 MHz band was allocated for it.

Similarly, with natural differences and on a smaller scale, the situation has developed in other countries. Thus, in Norway, public telephone radio communications have been used as maritime mobile communications since 1931; in 1955 there were 27 coastal radio stations in the country. Terrestrial mobile communications began to develop after the Second World War in the form of hand-switched private networks. Thus, by 1970, mobile telephone radio communication, on the one hand, had already become quite widespread, but on the other hand, it clearly did not keep up with the rapidly growing needs, with a limited number of channels in strictly defined frequency bands. The exit was found in the form of a system cellular, which made it possible to dramatically increase the capacity due to the reuse of frequencies in a system with a cellular structure.

Of course, as is usually the case in life, individual elements cellular communication systems have existed before. In particular, some semblance of a cellular system was used in 1949 in Detroit (USA) by a taxi dispatch service - with reuse frequencies in different cells with manual channel switching by users in predetermined locations. However, the architecture of the system that is today known as the cellular communication system was outlined only in the technical report of the Bell System company, submitted to the US Federal Communications Commission in December 1971. And from that time the development of cellular communication itself begins, which has become truly triumphant since 1985. g., in the last ten years and a little.

In 1974, the US Federal Communications Commission decided to allocate a 40 MHz frequency band for cellular communications in the 800 MHz range; in 1986, another 10 MHz was added to it in the same range. In 1978, tests of the first prototype cellular communication system for 2,000 subscribers began in Chicago. Therefore, 1978 can be considered the year of the beginning of the practical application of cellular communications. The first automatic commercial cellular system was also commissioned in Chicago in October 1983. by American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T). In Canada, cellular communication has been used since 1978, in Japan - since 1979, in the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland) - since 1981, in Spain and England - since 1982. As of July 1997 g. cellular communication was operating in more than 140 countries of all continents, serving more than 150 million subscribers.

The first commercially successful cellular network was the Finnish Autoradiopuhelin (ARP) network. This name is translated into Russian as "Car radiotelephone". Launched in the city, it has reached 100% coverage of the territory of Finland c. The cell size was about 30 km, and in the city there were more than 30 thousand subscribers. She worked at a frequency of 150 MHz.

The principle of cellular communication

The main components of a cellular network are cell phones and base stations... Base stations are usually located on rooftops and towers. Being included cellular telephone listens to the air, finding a signal from the base station. The telephone then sends its unique identification code to the station. The telephone and the station maintain constant radio contact, periodically exchanging packets. The phone can communicate with the station using an analog protocol (NMT-450) or digital (DAMPS, GSM, eng. handover).

Cellular networks can consist of base stations of different standards, which allows you to optimize network performance and improve its coverage.

Cellular networks of different operators are connected to each other, as well as to the landline telephone network... This allows subscribers of one operator to make calls to subscribers of another operator, from mobile phones to landlines and from landlines to mobiles.

Operators different countries can enter into roaming agreements. Thanks to such agreements, a subscriber, while abroad, can make and receive calls through the network of another operator (albeit at higher rates).

Cellular communication in Russia

In Russia, cellular communication began to be introduced since 1990, commercial use began on September 9, 1991, when Delta Telecom launched the first cellular network in Russia (it worked in the NMT-450 standard) in St. Petersburg, and the first symbolic mobile call was made by the mayor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak. By July 1997, the total number of subscribers in Russia was about 300 thousand. For 2007, the main cellular communication protocols used in Russia are GSM-900 and GSM-1800. In addition, UMTS works. In particular, the first fragment of the network of this standard in Russia was put into operation on October 2, 2007 in St. Petersburg by MegaFon. The Sverdlovsk region continues to operate a cellular network of the DAMPS standard, owned by the company Cellular communication "MOTIV".

In December 2008, there were 187.8 million mobile users in Russia (based on the number of SIM cards sold). The penetration rate of cellular communication (the number of SIM-cards per 100 inhabitants) as of this date was, thus, 129.4%. In the regions, excluding Moscow, the penetration rate exceeded 119.7%.

The market share of the largest cellular operators as of December 2008 was 34.4% for MTS, 25.4% for VimpelCom and 23.0% for MegaFon.

In December 2007, the number of mobile users in Russia increased to 172.87 million subscribers, in Moscow - to 29.9 million, in St. Petersburg - to 9.7 million.The penetration rate in Russia - up to 119.1%, in Moscow - 176% , St. Petersburg - 153%. The market share of the largest cellular operators as of December 2007 was: MTS 30.9%, VimpelCom 29.2%, MegaFon 19.9%, other operators 20%.

According to the British research company Informa Telecoms & Media for 2006, the average cost of a minute of cellular communication for a consumer in Russia was $ 0.05 - this is the lowest figure among the G8 countries.

IDC, based on a study of the Russian cellular market, concluded that in 2005 the total duration of conversations on a cell phone of residents of the Russian Federation reached 155 billion minutes, and text messages 15 billion pieces were shipped.

According to a study by J "son & Partners, the number of SIM cards registered in Russia as of the end of November 2008 reached 183.8 million.

see also

Sources of

Links

• Information site about generations and standards of cellular communication.
• Cellular communications in Russia 2002-2007, official statistics

How many of us wonder what happens after we press the call button on our mobile phone? How do cellular networks work?

Most likely no. Most often we type federal number the interlocutor on the machine, as a rule, is on business, so what is there and how it works is not of interest to us at a particular moment in time. But these are amazing things. How can you call a person in the mountains or in the middle of the ocean? Why during a conversation we can hardly hear each other, or even completely interrupt. Our article will try to shed light on how cellular communication works.

So, most of the densely populated territory of Russia is covered by the so-called BS, which are called Base Stations without abbreviation. Many could turn their attention to them when traveling between cities. In an open field, Base Stations are more like towers that are red and white. But in the city, such base stations are thoughtfully placed on the roofs of non-residential high-rises. These towers are capable of picking up a signal from any cell phone located geographically within a radius of no more than 35 kilometers. "Communication" between the BS and the telephone takes place through a special service or voice channel.

As soon as a person dials the number he needs on a mobile device, the device finds the Base Station closest to him, therefore, to a special service channel and asks her to allocate a voice channel. The tower, after receiving a request from the device, sends a request to the so-called controller, which will be abbreviated as BSC. This very controller redirects the request to the switch. The "smart" switch MSC will determine to which operator the called subscriber is connected.

If it turns out that a call is made to a phone within one network, for example, from a Beeline subscriber to another subscriber of this operator, or inside MTS, inside Megafon, and so on, then the switchboard will begin to find out the location of the called subscriber. Thanks to the Home Location Register, the switch will find where the person is. It can be anywhere, at home, at work, in the country, or even in another country. This will not prevent the switch from transferring the call to the appropriate switch. And then the "ball" will begin to "unwind". That is, the call from the switch - "responder" will go to the controller - "responder", then to its Base Station and to the mobile phone, respectively.

If the switchboard finds out that the called subscriber belongs to another operator, it will send a request to the switchboard of a different network.
Agree, the scheme is quite simple, but difficult to imagine. How a "smart" Base Station finds a phone, sends a request, and the switch itself determines the operator and another switch. What is a Base Station really? It turns out that these are several iron cabinets that are located under the very roof of the building, in the attic or in a special container. The main condition is that the room must be perfectly air-conditioned.

It is logical that the BS has an antenna, which helps it to "catch" the connection. The antenna at the BS consists of several parts (sectors), each of which is responsible for the territory. The part of the antenna, which is located vertically, is responsible for communication with mobile phones, and the round one is for communication with the controller.

One sector is able to simultaneously receive calls from seventy telephones... Considering that one BS can consist of six sectors, then at the same time it will quietly serve 6 * 72 = 432 calls.

As a rule, such power of the Base Station is enough "headlong". Of course, there are situations when the entire population of our country starts calling each other at the same time. It is a New Year. Some people just need to say the coveted phrase "Happy New Year!" Into the phone, while others are ready to speak hours with an unlimited tariff from "Corporation of Communications", discussing guests and plans for the whole night.

However, regardless of the duration of the call, the Base Stations cannot cope, and it can be very difficult to get through to the subscriber. But on weekdays for most of the year, BS of six sectors is quite enough, especially for optimal workload, the Stations are selected for the operator in accordance with the population of the territory. Some operators give their preference to large BS in order to improve the quality of the communication provided.

There are three ranges in which the base station can operate and which determine the number of supported devices and the covered distance. In the 900 MHz range, the station is capable of covering a large area, but in the 1800 MHz range, the distance will be significantly reduced, but the number of connected transmitters will increase. The third band at 2100 MHz suggests a new generation of communications - 3G.
It is clear that in sparsely populated areas it is more expedient to install a Base Station at 900 MHz, but in a city, 1800 MHz is suitable in order to better penetrate thick concrete walls, and these BSs will be needed ten times more than in a village. Note that one BS can support three bands at once.

Stations in the 900 MHz mode cover an area with a radius of 35 km, but if in this moment Since it serves few telephones, it can "punch" up to 70 km. Naturally, our mobile phones can "find" BS even at a distance of 70 km. Base Stations are designed to cover the earth's surface as much as possible and provide a large number of people are connected precisely on the ground, therefore, if possible, to catch signals at a distance of at least 35 kilometers, at the same distance, but into the sky, the Base Stations do not "penetrate".

In order to provide their passengers with cellular communications, some airlines are starting to place small BSs on board aircraft. Communication of the "heavenly" Base Station with the "earth" is carried out using satellite channel... Since work mobile devices can interfere with the flight process, onboard BS can be easily turned on / off, have several modes of operation, up to a complete shutdown of transmission voice messages... During the flight, the phone may accidentally be transferred to the base station with worst signal or no free channels. In this case, the call will be terminated. All these are the subtleties of cellular communication in the sky in motion.

In addition to airplanes, penthouse residents also have some problems. Even unlimited tariff and VIP - the conditions of the mobile operator will not help in the case of different BS. A resident of an apartment on a high floor, moving from one room to another, will lose contact. This can happen due to the fact that the phone in one room "sees" one base station, and in another it "discovers" another. Therefore, during a conversation, the connection is interrupted, since these BSs are at a relative distance from each other and are not even considered "neighboring" for the same operator.

It is hardly possible today to find a person who would never use a cell phone. But does everyone understand how cellular communication works? How does something that we are all used to for a long time work and work? Are signals from base stations transmitted via wires or does it all work somehow differently? Or maybe all cellular communication functions only due to radio waves? We will try to answer these and other questions in our article, leaving a description GSM standard outside of it.

At the moment when a person tries to make a call from his mobile phone, or when they start calling him, the phone is connected via radio waves to one of the base stations (the most accessible), to one of its antennas. Base stations can be observed here and there, looking at the houses of our cities, at the roofs and facades of industrial buildings, at high-rise buildings, and finally at the red-and-white masts specially erected for stations (especially along highways).

These stations look like rectangular boxes of gray color, from which various antennas (usually up to 12 antennas) stick out in different directions. The antennas here work both for reception and transmission, and they belong to the cellular operator. The base station antennas are directed to all possible directions (sectors) in order to provide “network coverage” to subscribers from all directions at a distance of up to 35 kilometers.

An antenna of one sector is able to serve up to 72 calls simultaneously, and if there are 12 antennas, then imagine: 864 calls can, in principle, be served by one large base station at the same time! Although usually limited to 432 channels (72 * 6). Each antenna is connected with a cable to the control unit of the base station. And already blocks of several base stations (each station serves its part of the territory) are connected to the controller. Up to 15 base stations are connected to one controller.

The base station is, in principle, capable of operating on three bands: the 900 MHz signal penetrates better into buildings and structures, spreads further, therefore given range often used in villages and fields; the signal at a frequency of 1800 MHz does not spread so far, but more transmitters are installed in one sector, therefore, in cities such stations are more often installed; finally 2100 MHz is a 3G network.

There can be several controllers, of course, in a settlement or area, so the controllers, in turn, are connected by cables to the switch. The task of the switch is to connect the networks of mobile operators with each other and with city lines of the usual telephone connection, long distance communication and international communication... If the network is small, then one switch is sufficient, if the network is large, two or more switches are used. Switches are interconnected by wires.

In the process of moving a person talking on a mobile phone along the street, for example: he is walking, riding in public transport, or moving in a private car - his phone should not lose the network for a moment, the conversation should not be cut off.

Continuity of communication is obtained due to the ability of a network of base stations to very quickly switch a subscriber from one antenna to another in the process of moving from the coverage area of ​​one antenna to the coverage area of ​​another (from cell to cell). The subscriber himself does not notice how he ceases to be associated with one base station, and is already connected to another, how he switches from antenna to antenna, from station to station, from controller to controller ...

At the same time, the switch provides optimal load distribution over a multi-layered network scheme to reduce the likelihood of equipment failure. A multi-level network is built as follows: cell phone - base station - controller - switch.

Let's say we make a call, and now the signal has already reached the switchboard. The switch transfers our call to the destination subscriber - to the city network, to the international or long-distance communication network, or to the network of another mobile operator... All this happens very quickly using high speed fiber optic cable channels.

Next, our call goes to the switchboard, which is located on the side of the subscriber receiving the call (called by us). The "receiving" switch already has data about where the called subscriber is located, in which network coverage area: which controller, which base station. And so, the network poll starts from the base station, the addressee is found, and his phone “receives a call”.

The entire chain of described events, from the moment the number is dialed to the moment the call rang out on the receiving side, usually lasts no more than 3 seconds. This is how we can call anywhere in the world today.

Andrey Povny

To do this, we suggest you go to the Beeline company.

A huge number of BS - base stations are installed on the territory of Russia. Probably, many of you yourself have seen red and white structures towering in the fields or structures installed on the roofs of non-residential buildings. Each such base station is capable of picking up a signal from a cell phone at a distance of up to 35 km, communicating with it via service or voice channels.

After you have dialed the number of the desired subscriber on your phone, the following happens: the mobile phone finds the nearest BS, contacts it via the service channel and requests a voice channel. After that, the BS sends a request to the controller (BSC), which then goes to the communicator. If the called subscriber is served by the same operator as you, the communicator will check the Home Location Register (HLR) database to find out exactly where the person you are calling is and will redirect the call to the correct switch, which will then transfer the call to the controller and then to the Base Station. Finally, the Base Station will contact the person's mobile phone and connect you to it. And if the person with whom you want to talk is a subscriber of another cellular operator, or you call a city number, the switch will "find" the corresponding switch of the other network and contact him. Sounds confusing enough, right? Let's try to analyze this issue in more detail.

But back to the hardware. As we already said, from the BS, the call is transferred to the controller (BSC). Outwardly, it is not much different from the Base Station:

The number of BSs that the controller is able to service can reach six dozen. The controller and the BS communicate via optical or radio relay channels. The controller manages the operation of radio channels.

Below you can see what the switch is:

The number of controllers supported by the switch varies from two to thirty. Switches are placed in large rooms filled with metal equipment cabinets.

The switch's job is to manage traffic. If earlier, in order to talk to each other, subscribers had to first contact the telephone operator, who then manually rearranged the necessary wires, now the switch is doing a great job with her role.

Inside the cars there are devices for reading and processing data:

Controllers and switches are under vigilant control 24 hours a day. Tracking is conducted in the so-called CCS (Flight Control Center of the Network Control Center).

Cellular communication has recently become so firmly established in our daily life that it is difficult to imagine modern society without her. Like many other great inventions, the mobile phone has greatly influenced our life, and in many of its areas. It is difficult to say what the future would be like if it were not for this convenient form of communication. Probably the same as in the movie "Back to the Future-2", where there are flying cars, hoverboards, and much more, but no cellular connection!

But today in a special report for there will be a story not about the future, but about how modern cellular communication is arranged and works.

In order to learn about the work of modern cellular communication in the 3G / 4G format, I asked to visit the new federal operator Tele2 and spent a whole day with their engineers, who explained to me all the subtleties of data transmission through our mobile phones.

But first, I'll tell you a little about the history of the emergence of cellular communications.

The principles of wireless communication were tested almost 70 years ago - the first public mobile radiotelephone appeared in 1946 in St. Louis, USA. In the Soviet Union, a prototype of a mobile radiotelephone was created in 1957, then scientists from other countries created similar devices with different characteristics, and only in the 70s of the last century in America were the modern principles of cellular communication defined, after which its development began.

Martin Cooper - inventor of the portable cellular prototype Motorola phone DynaTAC weighing 1.15 kg and dimensions 22.5x12.5x3.75 cm

If in Western countries, by the mid-90s of the last century, cellular communication was widespread and used by most of the population, then in Russia it only began to appear, and became available to everyone a little over 10 years ago.

Bulky brick-like mobile phones that worked in the formats of the first and second generations went down in history, giving way to smartphones with 3G and 4G, better voice communication and high Internet speed.

Why is the connection called cellular? Because the territory in which communication is provided is divided into separate cells or cells, in the center of which base stations (BS) are located. In each "cell" the subscriber receives the same set of services within certain territorial boundaries. This means that moving from one "cell" to another, the subscriber does not feel territorial attachment and can freely use communication services.

It is very important that there is continuity of the connection when moving. This is ensured by the so-called handover, in which the connection established by the subscriber is, as it were, picked up by neighboring cells on the relay, and the subscriber continues to talk or dig in social networks.

The entire network is divided into two subsystems: a base station subsystem and a switching subsystem. Schematically, it looks like this:

In the middle of a "cell", as mentioned above, there is a base station, which usually serves three "cells". The radio signal from the base station is radiated through 3 sector antennas, each of which is directed to its own "cell". It so happens that several antennas of one base station are directed to one "cell" at once. This is due to the fact that the cellular network operates in several bands (900 and 1800 MHz). In addition, this base station may have equipment of several generations of communication (2G and 3G) at once.

But on the BS Tele2 towers there is only equipment of the third and fourth generation - 3G / 4G, since the company decided to abandon old formats in favor of new ones that help to avoid breaks voice communication and provide more stable internet. Regulars of social networks will support me in the fact that nowadays Internet speed is very important, 100-200 kb / s is not enough anymore, as it was a couple of years ago.

The most common location for the BS is a tower or mast built specifically for it. Surely you could see the red and white BS towers somewhere far from residential buildings (in a field, on a hill), or where there are no tall buildings nearby. Like this one that is visible from my window.

However, in urban areas it is difficult to find a place for a massive structure. Therefore, in large cities, base stations are located on buildings. Each station picks up a signal from mobile phones at a distance of up to 35 km.

These are antennas, the BS equipment itself is located in the attic, or in a container on the roof, which is a pair of iron cabinets.

Some base stations are located where you wouldn't even guess. Like on the roof of this parking lot.

The BS antenna consists of several sectors, each of which receives / sends a signal in its own direction. If the vertical antenna communicates with telephones, then the round antenna connects the BS to the controller.

Depending on the characteristics, each sector can handle up to 72 calls simultaneously. The BS can consist of 6 sectors and serve up to 432 calls, however, usually fewer transmitters and sectors are installed at the stations. Cellular operators, such as Tele2, prefer to install more base stations to improve the quality of communication. As I was told, the most used is modern equipment: Ericsson base stations, transport network - Alcatel Lucent.

From the base station subsystem, the signal is transmitted towards the switching subsystem, where the connection is established with the direction desired by the subscriber. The switching subsystem has a number of databases that store information about subscribers. In addition, this subsystem is responsible for security. To put it simply, the switch performs It has the same functions as the female operators who used to connect you with the subscriber by hand, only now all this happens automatically.

The equipment for this base station is hidden in this iron cabinet.

In addition to conventional towers, there are also mobile versions of base stations placed on trucks. They are very convenient to use during natural disasters or in crowded places (football stadiums, central squares) during holidays, concerts and various events. But, unfortunately, due to problems in the legislation, they have not yet found wide application.

To ensure optimal radio coverage at ground level, base stations are designed in a special way, therefore, despite the range of 35 km. the signal does not apply to the flight altitude of the aircraft. However, some airlines have already begun to install small base stations on their aircraft that provide cellular communications inside the aircraft. Such a BS connects to a terrestrial cellular network using a satellite link. The system is complemented by a control panel that allows the crew to turn the system on and off, as well as certain types of services, for example, turning off the voice on night flights.

I also looked into the Tele2 office to see how specialists control the quality of cellular communication. If a few years ago such a room would have been hung up to the ceiling with monitors showing network data (congestion, network failures, etc.), then over time the need for such a number of monitors has disappeared.

Technologies have developed greatly over time, and such a small room with several specialists is enough to monitor the operation of the entire network in Moscow.

Few views from the Tele2 office.

At a meeting of company employees, plans to capture the capital are discussed) From the beginning of construction until today, Tele2 has managed to cover all of Moscow with its network, and is gradually conquering the Moscow region, launching more than 100 base stations weekly. Since I now live in the region, it is very important to me. so that this network comes to my town as quickly as possible.

The company plans for 2016 to provide high-speed communication in the metro at all stations, at the beginning of 2016 Tele2 communication is present at 11 stations: 3G / 4G communication at the Borisovo metro, Delovoy Tsentr, Kotelniki, Lermontovsky Prospekt , Troparevo, Shipilovskaya, Zyablikovo, 3G: Belorusskaya (Koltsevaya), Spartak, Pyatnitskoe shosse, Zhulebino.

As I said above, Tele2 abandoned the GSM format in favor of the third and fourth generation standards - 3G / 4G. This allows the installation of 3G / 4G base stations with a higher frequency (for example, inside the Moscow Ring Road, BSs stand at a distance of about 500 meters from each other) in order to provide more stable communication and high speed mobile internet, which was not in the networks of the previous formats.

From the company's office, I, in the company of engineers Nikifor and Vladimir, go to one of the points where they need to measure the communication speed. Nikifor stands opposite one of the masts on which communications equipment is installed. If you look closely, you will notice another such mast a little further on the left, with equipment from other cellular operators.

Oddly enough, but cellular operators often allow their competitors to use their tower structures to accommodate antennas (of course, on mutually beneficial terms). This is because building a tower or mast is expensive and can save you a lot of money!

While we were measuring the speed of communication, Nikifor several times passers-by grandmothers and uncles asked if he was a spy)) "Yes, we are jamming Radio Liberty!).

The equipment actually looks unusual, from its appearance you can assume anything.

The company's specialists have a lot of work, considering that in Moscow and the region the company has more than 7 thousand. base stations: of which about 5 thousand. 3G and about 2 thousand. base stations LTE, and recently the number of BS has increased by about a thousand more.
In just three months, 55% of the total number of new base stations of the operator in the region were put on the air in the Moscow region. V currently the company provides high-quality coverage of the territory where more than 90% of the population of Moscow and the Moscow region live.
By the way, in December the 3G Tele2 network was recognized as the best in quality among all metropolitan operators.

But I decided to personally check how good Tele2's connection is, so I bought a SIM card in the nearest shopping center on Voykovskaya metro station, with the simplest "Very black" tariff for 299 rubles (400 sms / minutes and 4 GB). By the way, I had a similar Beeline tariff, which is 100 rubles more expensive.

I checked the speed on the spot. Reception - 6.13 Mbps, transmission - 2.57 Mbps. Considering that I am standing in the center of a shopping center, this is a good result, Tele2 communication penetrates well through the walls of a large shopping center.

At metro Tretyakovskaya. Signal reception - 5.82 Mbps, transmission - 3.22 Mbps.

And at the Krasnogvardeyskaya metro station. Reception - 6.22 Mbps, transmission - 3.77 Mbps. I measured it at the exit from the subway. If you take into account that this is the outskirts of Moscow, it is very decent. I think that the connection is quite acceptable, we can confidently say that it is stable, considering that Tele2 appeared in Moscow just a couple of months ago.

Tele2 has a stable connection in the capital, which is good. I really hope that they will come to the region as soon as possible and I will be able to take full advantage of their connection.

Now you know how cellular communication works!

If you have a production or service that you want to tell our readers about, write to me - Aslan ( [email protected] ) and we will make the best report that will be seen not only by the readers of the community, but also by the site http://ikaketosdelano.ru

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