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Full title - Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a hypertext markup language that is widely used during the construction of web pages and documents. The HTML journey started in the first half 90s. At that time he was extremely primitive, but already helped to make simple pages for the web. Since then, the language has been constantly evolving, and today it has already learned a lot. Without HTML, the way we are used to it, websites simply wouldn't exist. Almost all websites use HTML to some extent.

Today's current standard is HTML5, which was officially released in 2014. This is a revolutionary standard that allowed the language to reach a new level.

Innovations in HTML5:

• The parsing algorithm has changed during the development of the DOM structure;
• New tags appeared, like audio, video and others. By the way, now you can create a web player using only HTML. Previously had to use Adobe Flash player;
• Redefining part of the rules and semantics of using HTML elements.

Looking globally, HTML5 has become more than next version language, but a complete platform for application development. Previously, its capabilities were limited to building a structure, today it is much smarter. With the release of the standard, the scope of the language has greatly expanded. In addition to the traditional direction of web development, it is used to create computer programs on Windows 8 and newer, as well as for developing applications for smartphones on all popular platforms.

It all came to the fact that HTML5 began to be applied in two key areas:

• As an updated version of the HTML language;
• As a functional platform on which you can build web applications of varying complexity. True, create full application on pure HTML5 it will not work, JavaScript and CSS3 are still used for this.

Who is modernizing HTML5? The language is being worked on by the W3C or full name - World Wide Web Consortium is an international organization that maintains independence from specific developers. It also produces specifications, definitions, and standards for HTML5. The original and complete specification is available on the official website at the link ( available in English). The organization has not completed work on the language, on the contrary, it is still developing it.

Browser Support

It is important to understand that the HTML5 specification and the implementation of this technology in specific browsers are different concepts. Many web browsers in active development began to slowly implement HTML5 features even before the release of this version. By today, most recent browsers support all the features of HTML5. Full support is provided by: Chrome, IE 11, Firefox, Edge, Opera. Relatively older versions do not have support for newer standards, such as IE 8 and below. In version IE9 and 10 standards have already been implemented, but only partially.

Often browsers may generally work with the new standard, but handle features differently or simply throw an error. Therefore, when developing cross-browser, you need to take into account all the features of browsers. To present moment standard support from web browsers is already at a good level.

To make sure that the current version of the browser supports HTML5, you can do a little test.

What do you need to work?

What is useful during development under HTML5? The key tool is a text editor, in which the code for the future web page will be typed. One of the most popular and versatile editors is Notepad++. It is available on the official website absolutely free. In addition to free distribution, it also has all the necessary functions, has a lot of useful plugins, highlights the opening and closing of tags.

Also a good editor with majority support operating systems is Visual Studio Code . It is capable of running on MacOS, Windows and Linux. According to the possibilities, this software somewhat superior to Notepad++.

The second important tool is a web browser, it is useful for testing code. Any browser from a well-known developer will do. If you need to create a cross-platform application, you will have to install all popular web browsers on the system.

or study HTML lessons independently and free of charge

Do you want to create your website on the Internet? - Very well! HTML lessons will help you with this.

HyperText Markup Language or abbreviated HTML- hypertext markup language of documents, a product of the W3C consortium - underlies almost all existing web pages, which puts it in first place in the hierarchy of tools for creating sites. Particular attention should be paid to studying the lessons in this section.

• HTML Lessons These are tutorials on how to create web pages.
• HTML Lessons- the first step towards mastering the development of Internet sites.
• HTML Lessons and web design lessons are completely different concepts.

New, modern HTML lessons specially designed for beginners.

Syntax HTML quite simple and easy to understand, but this does not mean that the learning process will go smoothly and without errors. There is no need to be afraid of them - they are inevitable. Making mistakes, you get information about how not to act in the future, this information is worth some effort, time, and therefore is especially valuable. This is how knowledge and experience are accumulated.

As you create your first pages, you will enjoy the thought that you are discovering a world that you did not know before and maybe did not even know about its existence - a world of other possibilities - the world of the Web.

Be careful! You may become addicted to a new activity.

New HTML Lessons | HTML code example

Consider its elements:

Tags that define the beginning and end of a document.

Service section. Here are commands for browsers, instructions for search robots, links to remote files, scripts.

Tags that define the main title of the document.

This section contains the entire visible part of the web page.

In the browser we will see Hello World! :

For studying HTML Notepad required. In it, we will manually type the code. Perhaps that's all ... Is engaged in the interpretation of the code software for web browsing, that is Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Chrome and other browsers.

In lessons this course will be presented HTML 5, XHTML and CSS inclusions. This combination is optimal for learning and allows you to significantly accelerate the development of the material.

At present, the specification is already available on the official website of the W3C consortium HTML 5. The development of the fifth version began in 2007, it is based on XML and in fact it is, supplemented by new elements and attributes, XHTML-eat. Fifth version HTML offers more functionality and simplifies the process of creating interactive sites and web applications. Besides, HTML 5 contains additional elements that provide placement of multimedia content inside the web page.

New HTML has not yet received the status of a recommendation, and its tags, at this stage, are recognized only by some browsers. But despite this, HTML 5 lessons are available today.

Post Scriptum: The Internet consists of an infinite number of pages linked together by hyperlinks through the "Hypertext Transfer Protocol" - HyperText Transfer Protocol or HTTP for short - a protocol for transferring data in the form of hypertext documents. What is HTML? HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language or hypertext markup language documents.

This article does not claim to be comprehensive guide in the markup language of HTML documents. It describes the basics of HTML - basic principles, concepts and definitions of this technology, having mastered which, you can easily move on in learning HTML coding.

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To study the lesson, download the archive with the necessary files.

HTML is a markup language documents. Correct pronunciation - HTMEL.

Have you ever worked in a Word document editor or similar office applications? You probably know that this species editor has rich features for editing text, arranging elements, inserting pictures, etc.

Why, you ask, write in an article about HTML about word processors? But why. If you figure out what is an office editor? This is an application for editing and displaying documents.

The key word here is document . That is, we create, edit and view a document in some program, in this case- in the office editor. If we open such a document in a simple text editor, such as Notepad, we will see a lot of strange symbols and characters. This mess of symbols is incomprehensible to mankind, but understandable to computers. Thanks to this inner language, word document takes on a certain structure and appearance in the editor itself, and the document appears before us in all its glory with formatted text and pictures in their place.

HTML is a markup language for browser. Word "here is the browser, and the document is the HTML page. This is the very basis HTML technologies, the understanding of which is necessary in order not to confuse the markup language of web documents with programming languages. The name speaks for itself using HTML we mark up, where the element, image, or text will be shown on the page, and in what order they will appear next to each other.

Yes, simple typing and text formatting in office applications have nothing to do with programming. But the observant reader will notice important detail- in a word processor we type, edit and format text and pictures using visual buttons and menus, but why is HTML code written by hand? Why study so many technical details of writing markup for a document?

In fact, there are many editors with which you can create and edit HTML pages by analogy with Word. That is, the source HTML code is hidden for us and we do not climb into it.

A sort of Word for HTML. Such visual editors are called:

WYSIWYG editors - W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G et. That is, if translated into Russian: what we see is what we get.

I call them "woozies". Although this is not phonetically correct, it clearly indicates the futility of this invention. Beginners very often use such editors to create their first sites. Of course, this is convenient - there is no need to delve into the study of tags, design styles and other, at first glance, unpleasant and complex things. The editor itself will automatically convert our actions into HTML code.

But, as they say, nothing just happens. More specifically, this approach has very serious drawbacks. What prevents everyone in a row from using visual editors to design HTML pages? The fact is that pages formed in this way usually have a lot of extra code, a lot of errors from a semantic point of view. Now, of course, there are no problems with high speed internet connection and the difference in page size of 400 kb and 100 kb is not significant for speed, however, an optimized and correctly written HTML code eliminates many problems and provides a lot of advantages, namely:

• Competent HTML code has a positive effect on search engine optimization, the speed of crawling a site by a search robot. The generated kilobytes of code here are not acceptable and even harmful;
• The HTML code generated by the WYSIWYG editor has many semantic errors. That is, the tags generated by such an editor are used for other purposes, where it is necessary to use, for example, lists
  , the editor will generate another tag that we don't need. It depends, of course, on the editor, but here we mean complex solutions for creating sites, and not simple text editing in a text area using WYSIWYG tools.
  • A lot of unnecessary tags are generated and the structure of the document is bloated. Let's say you move an element in such a program, first to the right, then to the left, then to the center - each action leaves a trace in the source HTML code. The editor is a program and he cannot know what exactly you want to get as a result, he generates tons of code, taking into account all options behavior of the document in the browser.
  • As a rule, editors for the visual design of HTML code quickly become obsolete. And due to the lack of interest on the part of professionals, they generally lose support and stop in development. And HTML is evolving. Everything develops, except vuzivugi. Accordingly, they cannot generate correct and up-to-date code that would involve new features and solutions.
  • To support and develop such projects is heavenly punishment. About using patterns and reuse there can be no code of speech at all.

  So, we will write HTML only with pens. Adequate tools for visual editing of HTML have not yet been invented, and they are unlikely to appear. The HTML markup language is easy to learn and understand, and there are many automation tools for writing HTML code, but more on that in other lessons.

  After fiddling around with the WYSIWYG editor for a bit, young HTML gurus leave this futile task and move on.

  HTML document structure

  I recommend downloading and installing the Sublime Text editor for classes. I strongly do not recommend using the Notepad built into Windows for HTML layout if you do not want to break your psyche in the early stages of learning HTML.

  We decided that we would write the HTML document code manually, that is typeset. HTML layout- process creating HTML document. In the common people and knowledgeable circles - just layout. Any document has a structure and certain construction rules. What elements does the code consist of, what is the structure of HTML?

  Let's create an initial template on the computer - file index.html, open it with an editor and paste the following code into it:

  Document Body Note that HTML documents have the extension .html.

  So, in order from the example.

  - document type (doctype)

  This construction is always indicated at the beginning of the document for the browser to correctly "understand" which HTML version used when building a document.

  Due to the fact that HTML is constantly evolving, it has several versions, like any software product. Current version HTML - fifth and given in the example doctype is up to date.

  In principle, there is no point in delving into the study of document types, because with the release of HTML5, this design has become the standard. Just paste it at the beginning of the document every time you start laying out the layout of the site.

  - the beginning of the document

  The first tag we see after the doctype is .

  HTML tag- structural unit of markup of an HTML document. HTML code is made up of building blocks called tags. Each tag has its own function, and learning the HTML markup language is ultimately about learning the tags and their properties in the document.

  I would like to note that learning HTML is not such a difficult task as it might seem at first glance. Learning the tags used in document markup is not such a big load on the brain.

  So, the document markup starts with the tag and ends with a closing tag. Each tag that contains other tags or elements must be closed closing tag. For example, , ,

  , etc.

  Tag is required because it contains the entire structure of the document and wraps the rest of the elements.

  Tag

  Next, we see tag , which contains other elements that are not yet clear to us. Contains other elements - this means that the elements or tags are between the opening and closing tags of the construct:

  <тег>content or other tags

  Tag is designed to store the meta-information of an HTML document, that is, information that is not displayed in the document itself, but is important and largely determines how the document will look and behave.
  This tag is required in the document.

  Tag

  header