OS ROSA is a great Russian-made option. Since my job is computer related, I am constantly on the lookout for the perfect operating system. What is included in this concept? Security, speed, as well as work without any "freezes" of the system. Last thing windows time does not please users, so I drew attention to the Russian OS ROSA.

It was created from Mandriva in 2011. However, a really working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 became new page domestic counterparts windows.

Colossal work was carried out on it by specialists from different countries, about 1 million lines of code were changed and added, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. Also included in this line of systems is a server version - Rosa Server and a more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (characterized by 5 years of support). Unlike , and operating system ROSA has a number of advantages.

Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages

In my opinion, Desktop is best suited for personal use, since it contains all the best developments. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a number of advantages:

It combines an elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;

Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers, they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete set. Installed and rejoice;

If you doubt the need to change the system, you can use the so-called "guest mode". To do this, create bootable flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;

Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by the FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;

In this system, the interface is very well thought out and all the necessary tools are easy to find, although they are slightly different from what we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the "Start" button, you find yourself in some kind of menu of androids and (or) smartphones;

ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in "freeze mode", and after a reboot, return the system to its original state.

Download OS ROSA-http://www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/

A very wise decision of the developers was that they made the ROSA OS free. Such a step leads to its rapid distribution without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, has become an ideal option for me. And its ability to distribute WiFi in two clicks was a pretty pleasant surprise for me.

Recently there was information that soon on all computers designed for public institutions, will not remain a "traditional" operating Windows systems. Instead, there will be a Russian OS. It is planned to begin its testing next year.

Optimistic forecasts

The most popular project that can claim such a significant role is Synergy. This system has a Linux kernel. Not so long ago it was decided to start its development. This was decided by a joint commission and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, located in the city of Sarov. It should be noted that it is at the Synergy enterprise that the operating system should be intensively tested. It is necessary that it be brought to mind so that it can be used in user database management systems.

I would also like to note that such an undertaking is an initiative of Rosatom specialists, because imported software is of great importance in the nuclear power industry. It's time to pay attention to Russian products. Experts promise that the new operating system will be reliably protected from hacking, not inferior to its foreign counterparts.

Last straw

The speed of making this decision was influenced by the release of the next update package for Windows 7, which happened in August 2014. Ironically, thousands of computers around the world abandoned them. This is due to the fact that the updates had critical errors. In addition, there were malfunctions in Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems, which greatly aggravated the situation.

What is it for?

It is worth noting that recently the issue of the release of the Russian operating system has often been discussed. True, it happened in an ironic way. However, users are not to blame for the lack of patriotism. As practice shows, often domestic projects are able to offer only “non-boring wallpapers” and a new Ubuntu design theme. It is necessary to take into account what requirements a promising Russian operating system must meet before deciding to invent it. It is also important to provide for the basic principles laid down in it. You can turn on your imagination and imagine which areas should be paid attention to during development.

"Children's Diseases"

You should always start based on previous experience. It doesn't have to be positive. We are talking about the ancient "Spectrums" with a somewhat rethought DOS, as well as the "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 "Tanya", which appeared relatively recently and was installed in computer clubs. They were redesigned almost beyond recognition of Windows 98. Thus, the operating systems did not act as a separate product. They were just converted tools of the world famous software manufacturer, although they had a new interface.

Tasks of domestic developers

When the development of a truly new Russian operating system for computers begins, its authors face a huge number of tasks.

It is worth dwelling on the main ones:

An operating system designed to perform all tasks must function on Russian-made servers and workstations;
creation of working and functional virtualization tools for OS;
creation, development, and support of the Russian application development environment;
production of tools that can be used to automate testing;
the creation of a Russian "app store" to give a decent answer to the AppStore and the like;
development of an operating system that can function not only on desktop devices, but also on mobile equipment;
release of design tools that facilitate the development of new applications;
behavior analysis of the business sector of the economy, as well as the creation of a special cluster of programs for it;
the Russian operating system must have its own working environment (DE);
development of new tools for installing and debugging created programs;
the possibility of painless migration of business, as well as home users from previous versions of operating systems;
creation training courses to familiarize users with the Russian operating system for a personal computer, with its capabilities and prospects;

As for the Russian OS for mobile devices, it should become worthy competitor iOS, Windows Mobile, Android.

A few words about the users of the new OS It's no secret that today's home computers tend to focus on games. It is worth noting that the PC market is known for a huge variety of computer hardware. The Windows operating system plays a dominant role. It is used by most users. All their habits in this segment are distinguished by inveterate conservatism, so it is unlikely that they will be able to change the concepts. It follows from this that, most likely, the new Russian operating system will initially be focused on state-owned enterprises, as well as corporate segments of the economy and the military-industrial complex.

What are the requirements for the new OS?

1. Relatively low price not only the system itself, but also the device that supports it and allows it to work stably.
2. Opportunities for "cloud" work with documents.
3. Availability for scaling. It is best if it is tailored to the requirements of a large organization.
4. Maximum speed of information processing.
5. High degree of reliability and security, including the penetration of viruses into the system.
6. The creation and development of the operating system should be carried out in accordance with current market trends computer technology.

It is worth noting the fact that the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from the effects of malware. In addition, it is another Linux distribution. It is also important that it is possible to use the OS on a computer intended not only for government agencies, but also for home work. Thus, you can attract a new audience. Of great importance is full compatibility with well-known common examples of computer equipment and peripherals.

Creating an operating system in accordance with the development of the hardware

To date, processors exceed 14 nm. The light was seen by domestic "Elbrus" 65 nm. At the same time, it is planned to release a capacious memory of a new type ReRam in the near future. She will differ in speed, leaving far behind everything latest SSD(NAND).

In other words, the primary task is to create a system that works not only on an existing, but also on a promising device. These are the plans of the leading manufacturers. True, this is not an easy task, because many have doubts that such an idea will succeed. Now it is worth talking about advances in this segment, which are more real.

A few words about "Chameleons" and other

Modern domestic operating systems can go in two real directions of development. First of all, I would like to note the completely justified interest of the military. It is for them that protected domestic software is important. The second way can be noted as "patriotic development". Sometimes on the Internet there are projects that are developed by authors announcing the Russian operating system. It is worth mentioning such an OS as Xameleon.

As for the technological side of the issue, it has a lot of similarities with Mac OS X. This can be seen in the use of the microkernel. The Chameleon operating system uses L4 development, while Mac OS X provides the Mach microkernel. This is the slight difference between the two products. True, the domestic "answer" today does not even have an elementary GUI. As you might guess, we are talking about a graphical interface.

Other candidates

Some people know the Patriot OS operating system, developed by a Russian manufacturer. For a long time now, Boomstarter has been collecting donations for its release. It is planned to raise an amount of 38,500,000 rubles. This is already causing ridicule in many, as you can freely verify by searching this information in the Internet. The reason for this mistrust among users is that such domestic projects usually gained more than 12 million.

And if you get acquainted with the requirements for the new operating system, it immediately becomes clear that the declared amount is clearly not enough. Even if the Russian OS "Patriot OS" will count on at least 1-2% of the market software in this area, much more needs to be collected. Although, this amount may be enough for a preliminary beta version. Having become acquainted with it, one can easily judge the prospects of the project. True, the adequacy of certain characteristics calls into question the entire development as a whole.

A little humor

Thus, the author of the project plans to create a modern Patrionet Network, which is an analogue of the World Internet. It will be available exclusively to those users on whose devices the Patriot operating system, released by Russian manufacturers, is installed. It is planned to lay in its basis unique dynamic technologies that differ high speed. However, for the implementation of such an amount, even $ 38 million is negligible, not to mention the domestic currency.

distant prospects

There is an operating system "Phantom", developed by Russian figures in computer technology. Theoretically, it is a product of Digital Zone. In fact, this is Dmitry Zavalishin's "home-made work". Every year he zealously proves the merits of his own development at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events. It is worth noting that the Phantom operating system, which is the brainchild of Russian production, has nothing revolutionary and new.

The developers don't lie when they say that their product has nothing to do with a Windows/Unix clone. True, they do not mention that the Phantom is an almost exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. It is worth noting that this topic was raised in the distant 80s of the last century. It was during that period that they were laid general principles KeyKOS.

The article briefly introduced the new Russian operating systems and systems and their possible future prospects in the modern software market.

Not so long ago, a sensational statement appeared in the press. It turns out that the “traditional” Windows OS will soon be gone on all computers of state institutions in our country! Major figures promise that a Russian operating system will take its place. The idea is that by the end of this year, this very “OS” should begin testing in state institutions.

Optimistic start

The most famous project that can theoretically claim such significant roles is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, the decision to develop it was made as recently as August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at a meeting of the Russian Railways and Rosatom companies) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterprise that it should now be intensively tested. From the "Russian Railways" will be required to actively "bring to mind" the OS, provided it is used in user database management systems. Russian Railways has enough of these!

By the way, this whole idea was initiated by Rosatom specialists, since the share of imported software is extremely large, and it was high time to leave such vicious practice for a long time. All those involved in the development promise that the Russian one will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign analogues.

Last straw

Such a quick decision was largely due to the fact that just in August 2014, the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony is that it was these updates that led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, since it had critical errors. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

What is all this for?

In general, lately only the lazy have not discussed the Russian operating system. However, the discussion proceeds in an ironic manner. Do not blame users for the lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer “boring wallpapers” and a new design theme for the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a truly promising Russian operating system should meet, what principles it should contain. Let's try to dream up and imagine in what directions its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it is always worth starting with previous experience, even if it is negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient Spectrums, on which a somewhat rethought DOS was installed, ending with relatively recent times, when the “fundamentally new” BedOS 2 “Tanya” was installed in some computer clubs. This epic creation was nothing more than Windows 98 redesigned almost beyond recognition.

All of them were united by one thing: despite the new interface, all these operating systems were just slightly reworked products of world famous software manufacturers.

What are the challenges facing domestic developers?

In principle, there is nothing new to speak of in this case. If a truly new Russian operating system for PCs is being developed now, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list only the main ones:

• The release of an OS that will perform all its tasks, work on servers and workstations of Russian production.
• Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
• The same development of a database management tool, the debugging of which is now entrusted to Russian Railways.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• Release of tools that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic "app store". You give a worthy answer to all kinds of AppStore!
• The release of an OS that can run not only on desktop computers and laptops, but also on mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that will make it easier to write new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for it.
• Finally, the development of a Russian operating system should include the creation of its own working environment (DE).
• Creation of new tools for installation, deployment and debugging of written programs.
• Possibility for painless migration of business and home users from older OS versions.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users about what the Russian operating system for PC is, about its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely focused on games. In addition, the PC market is characterized by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the same Windows operating system. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by inveterate conservatism, it is unlikely that they will be able to change at least somehow.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be oriented towards government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements should the new OS meet?

1. The relatively low cost of both the system itself and the hardware that is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. Availability of the possibility of "cloud" work on documents. Simply put, in new system some kind of environment for joint development should be oriented, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or government organization.
3. The system must be able to scale. It is desirable that with the growth of the enterprise it could be “sharpened” precisely for the needs of a large organization (such analogues of the Business, Professional versions).
4. The speed of processing arrays of information should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including against viruses).
6. The development and development of the OS should be carried out taking into account the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection from malicious activities. In principle, the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of using it on a home user's computer (in order to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common samples of computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account the trends of the future development of the hardware

Recently, processors have crossed the threshold of 14 nm, domestic Elbrus 65 nm have appeared, it is reported about the imminent release of a capacious memory of a new type ReRam, which will leave all modern SSDs (NAND) far behind in speed. Simply put, one of the priorities that manufacturers face should be the development of a system that will work on both existing and future hardware. This is a complex matter, and therefore there are quite natural doubts about its success.

And now we will talk about real progress in this area.

About Chameleons and more

In general, modern domestic operating systems have exactly two realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom protected domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as "patriotic development". Projects sometimes appear on the network, the authors of which regularly announce a Russian-made operating system.

The latter case can be called Xameleon OS. If we talk about the technological side of the issue, then it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon uses L4 development, and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, but the domestic "answer" so far does not even have a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also the Russian operating system "Patriot OS". For quite some time, Boomstarter has announced a collection of donations for its creation. The claimed amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes massive ridicule on the network. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never collected more than 12 million. Also, if you read the requirements for the new system...

Simply put, the declared amount is clearly not enough. If the Russian operating system "Patriot OS" claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then you need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough for at least a preliminary beta version, according to which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the declared characteristics is deeply questionable.

A moment of humor

So, the author of the project says that he would like to create new network"Patrionet", an analogue of the World Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian operating system "Patriot" will be installed. It is stated that it will be based on "incredibly fast dynamic technologies." The fact is that for the implementation of something like this, even $ 38 million will not be enough, to say nothing of the domestic currency ...

Phantom perspectives

There is also a Russian operating system "Phantom". Theoretically, it is a development of the company Digital Zone (in fact - "home-made" by Dmitry Zavalishin). The latter every year fervently proves the advantages of his "brainchild" at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, this time the Russian Phantom operating system does not contain anything truly revolutionary and new. Developers really are not cunning when they say that their OS is not a clone of Windows / Unix.

But for some reason they "forget" to tell that "Phantom" is almost an exact copy KeyKOS/EROS systems. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles for the development of KeyKOS were laid.

The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technologies and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation was seriously puzzled by the solution of this strategically significant, according to officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, in the shortest possible time at the legislative level, restrictions were approved on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as the rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs. All this had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

Alt Linux SPT is a unified Linux distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in software tools information protection, which can be used to build automated systems according to class 1B inclusive and information systems personal data (ISPD) for class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process on one personal computer or server confidential data, provide multi-user work with access control to information, work with virtual machines, as well as use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by the FSTEC of Russia confirms the compliance of the product with the requirements of the following guidelines: “Computer facilities. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information” - for the 4th class of security; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of lack of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by Free Software and Technologies through its developer partner Basalt SPO.

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Developer: Basalt SPO

The Alt platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy a corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is the universal "Alto" Work station”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the Alt Server server distribution, which can act as a domain controller Active Directory and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web servers, authentication tools, group work, virtual machine management and monitoring, and other tools). The third is "Alt Education 8", focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the product series of Basalt SPO includes the aforementioned certified distribution kit Alt Linux SPT and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.

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Developer: National Informatization Center (part of Rostec State Corporation)

A Russian project to create an ecosystem of Linux distribution-based software products designed for integrated automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including data centers, servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in OS.Office and OS.Server versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution. The office edition of the product contains the actual operating system, information security tools, a software package for working with documents, mail client and browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, a server Email and DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is assumed that the OS-based ecosystem will become a full-fledged alternative to Western counterparts in the near future.

The development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest OS version: advanced security tools information security processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and closure control software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, registering events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform, certified simultaneously in the systems of certification of information security tools of the FSTEC of Russia, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation information of limited access containing information constituting a state secret classified not higher than "top secret".

⇡ ROSAlinux

Developer: NTC IT ROSA LLC

The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed to home use(ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing confidential information and personal data (ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Khrom" and "Nickel"). These products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion a large number additional components - including original ones, created by programmers of the scientific and technical center of information technologies "ROSA". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, backup software, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management network resources and storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server editions, Calculate Linux is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer open source software over proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged work in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, a centralized software deployment toolkit, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives, and support for binary Gentoo update repositories. It is important that the development team is available and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and development of the platform.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

The operating system, which is built on the basis of the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of applications for home users and office tasks. According to the sole developer of the OS, Sergey Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as light as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” the author of the project claims, without going into details of how the product compiled by him differs from the original. The solidity of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on commercial terms and paid technical support, but also an entry in the register of Russian software. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can legally be used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows processing information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implementing systems for processing restricted access information that is not classified as a state secret. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall, certified for compliance with RD ME for the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. Also in the assets of the platform are compatibility with the means of authentication of the company "Aladdin R.D." and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to meet customer requirements.

⇡ Alpha OS (Alfa OS)

Developer: ALFA Vision

Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No kidding, on the developer's website in the "About the company" section, it says: " The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. The top, which is visible from all sides. For it to shine, to become what it should be, the most diverse meaningful experience is needed. And we have it". How much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. IN currently"Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform designed specifically for computing systems with the SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A feature of the system is a radically redesigned Linux kernel, which implemented special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into a real-time operating system, for which actual optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time operation, you can set various modes processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others”, - explain in the company “MCST”. In addition, a complex of information protection tools from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows using the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.

⇡ "RedOS"

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, created with an eye to ensuring the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with national information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in ssh protocols and NX, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using pluggable authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to track critical security events in a corporate network and provides an IT administrator necessary tools for prompt response to information security incidents.

⇡ GosLinux ("GosLinux")

Developer: Red Soft company

GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state non-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the basis of the CentOS 6.4 distribution kit, which includes the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified GUI and a set of preconfigured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won in March 2013 the competition for the revision, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated level of trust OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation on the 4th level of monitoring the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux distribution kit for public authorities is placed in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. At the moment, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also transferred for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: Almi LLC

Product website:

Another Linux build on our list that certainly doesn't suffer from a lack of laudatory epithets from its developers. " Unique, perfect, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux"- with such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies, the official website of the product is stitched up and down. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform, the site does not say, but information is provided on three editions of the OS: AlterOS Volga for the public sector, AlterOS Amur for the corporate segment and AlterOS Don for servers. It is reported about the compatibility of the system with many demanded in the business environment software solutions, including with "1C" and "Consultant Plus", as well as domestic means of cryptoprotection (for example, "CryptoPro"). A separate emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Mobile System of the Armed Forces (MSVS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere. V. V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed to build stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. The WSWS is based on the kernel and components of Linux, supplemented by discretionary, mandated and role-based models of access to information. The system operates on Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90micro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 hardware platforms and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The means of protection implemented in the WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information constituting a state secret with a secrecy degree of "SS" (top secret).

⇡ "Dawn"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on Linux kernel, which are an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or a database server. To build data centers, it offers standard set server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on the so-called "big hardware", including mainframes. For embedded systems that work without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special Zarya RV OS has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control of the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense industry, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workplaces using thin clients. All functions beyond these limits are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many network protocols application level (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB drives, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains tools for restoring the OS configuration upon reboot, as well as tools remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A feature of the system is high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from CJSC Aladdin R.D., as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from CJSC Active-soft. The OS update can be done by the administrator via local network or from a USB stick. You can set up auto-update as local server customer, and from the Kraftway server.

⇡ wtware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for network booting, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and more. peripheral equipment. Supports redirection of COM and USB ports, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and for the prompt resolution of issues that arise when configuring the operating system, the distribution kit is attached detailed documentation. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and is licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi minicomputer, the developer suggests free version OS.

⇡ Kaspersky OS

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated systems process control (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of things. The OS was created from scratch and, by virtue of its architecture, guarantees high level information security. The basic principle of operation of KasperskyOS is reduced to the rule "everything that is not allowed is prohibited." This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on the execution of certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be delivered as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, the secure OS of Kaspersky Lab is implemented in the L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

A real-time operating system (RTOS) written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing someone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, systems " smart home” and “smart city”, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAKS real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of multiple devices, which makes it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot swapping of equipment, etc. One of the features of MAKS is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic, fault-tolerant individual components synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system. RTOS "MAKS" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for intellectual property(Rospatent) and is currently being certified by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the revision of borrowed source codes. This is exactly what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the "Made in Russia" label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, the subject of a separate discussion.

I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words “Operating system” and “Windows” to be synonymous, because. knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, even for a significant circle it is known Windows phone and iOS, slightly fewer people have heard of OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, there is nowhere for a Russian person to cast his eyes ... but no. We also have our masters.

We are already accustomed to Information Technology for Russia they are not the subject of creativity, but the subject of passive study. Yes, we know the world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or on this moment best text recognizer FineReader too from Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is erroneous, because not all active members of the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is outside our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers different levels professionalism and different areas of tasks to be solved.

It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the pieces of iron inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have here something to look after ourselves from the domestic? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for more than a year:

I decided to consider the first one (ROSA), because I guess it's the best for former users Windows of all I have tried. More precisely: the editorial office "for the people" - Fresh (i.e. "Fresh" ROSA).

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The main problem for the user of the new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with a computer (after all, ROSA is not a clone of Windows, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to Apple's OS X will have to strongly reject the habits of Windows, down to the "hot keys". Here, the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual “Vendovaya” in terms of the logic of operation, and the menu device (let's conditionally call it “START”) will please with its simplicity and functionality.

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But this is only external "cosmetics". Inside there are all the necessary tools even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players for a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (similar to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two (!) Browsers for fans from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for burning bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, install Skype, TeamViewer and others useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to update manually).

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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to boot up and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them in the system. “Suddenly” they cannot appear on the computer.

With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. What is worth only the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability, after turning on the “freeze mode”, to mock experiments on the system, and then, after rebooting, see the system in a “pre-frozen” state.

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In general, the benefits are many. You have to touch them to understand it. To do this, just boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or USB flash drive without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and browse the Internet during installation or write an interesting article.

Another advantage of the Russian OS is an active and accessible Russian-speaking community